New York Stock Exchange - enye endala ehlabathini. History of the New York Stock Exchange

New York omnye mabini anempembelelo nezixeko ezinkulu ehlabathini. Ubungakanani yophuhliso yesi sixeko nga kugwetywa umgangatho wokuphila, nengxinano yabemi, kwakunye nefuthe elikhulu kwiimalike zemali ehlabathini jikelele. New York - omdala kunye neziko elikhulu yemali lwemali lentengiso North America. Yeyona enkulu ehlabathini kunye enkulu exchange US stock NYSE, nto leyo ngokufanelekileyo kugqalwa uphawu lwe-United States of America kaThixo amandla zemali.

IMVELAPHI OF THE NYSE

Kude ekupheleni umthengisi komsebenzi ngenkulungwane XVIII hlobo ayizange yayingekabikho. Oosomashishini yexesha babenomdla kwizivumelwano zorhwebo ngaphezu izibambiso. Intengiso kunye ozithengileyo kumagumbi ehotele kunye iivenkile zekofu, kunye Wall Street. Intelekelelo ngokhuselo (CB) iye yaba umsebenzi ophambili wabathengi kanye kuphela ngo-1790 kwi kwimarike zikhutshwe imixokelelwane aqinisekiswe ngurhulumente US. Abathengisi abanomdla impahla, kunye abarhwebi ukuba bathengise izibambiso baqala ukwabelana imisebenzi yabo. Amaninzi, intengiselwano kwenzeka kwi izibambiso phantsi njengesikamore imithi ikhula kwi Wall Street, kufutshane nendlu №68. Yokuthenga kunye nabathengisi bafuna ukuba ulawula yonke imicimbi engekenziwa kwi kwiintengiso izibambiso, iimali zokuzicingela, okubangela zonke imisebenzi ukuthenga nokuthengisa baviswa imixokelelwane izabelo aqinisekiswe ngurhulumente, kuba azincedi lutho.

Isiqalo NYSE

Lilinge lokuqala ukutshintsha imeko yaba intlanganiso ukuqashisa eziphambili «wango kaThixo» mafu-. Ekugqibeleni, May 17, 1792 abarhwebi kakhulu nohlonipheke asayina i "isiVumelwano phantsi komthi moya." Odumileyo Okubhaliweyo yesivumelwano wayemfutshane, iinjongo - ngaphaya. Imicimbi zokuqala efandesini zaqhutywa iintlobo ezintathu izibambiso karhulumente kunye kwizabelo iibhanki ezimbini. Brokers babevunyelwa ukuba athengise izibambiso kuphela omnye komnye, kwaye iintlawulo onakele 0.25% yexabiso yingisela. Esi sivumelwano kwaye nobungqina wokuzalwa New York Stock Exchange.

isakhiwo NYSE

Ekuqaleni bakhe abarhwebi umsebenzi laqesha igumbi ezimakhulu mabini eerandi. Lo igumbi lokuqala, apho sakhonza New York Stock Exchange. Idilesi yeziko mali kuluhlu Wall Street, 40. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba imarike atshiswe izihlandlo eziliqela, watshintsha idilesi yayo. Kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini, inzuzo lanyuka ukuya kangangokuba ngo-1903 ulawulo iye yakwazi ukuba bayile kwaye ukwakha isakhiwo exchange enjalo. waqala lomhleli George Post. Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo NYSE waba indlu, njenge itempile yamaGrike, kunye pediment Beje kunye iikholam ezintandathu olungaphambili. Imali iyonke umsebenzi yaba ku-4 million. USD. Kamva overbuilt omnye imigangatho, nto leyo eza ngendlu kumgangatho olutsha yorhwebo mechanism-mali, nto leyo Oqhayisayo New York 22. Istock exchange, idilesi yakhe 11 Wall Street, azise nawuphi na yaseMelika kunye neendwendwe. Igumbi isabelo kuze 1978. Emva koko NYSE NYSE bafudukela kwezinye iiadresi, kunye nesakhiwo laba impahla ye US kazwelonke.

Imbali elivela kuzo iflegi yesizwe kwi umzimba omkhulu pediment exchange. Ngenxa kokuqala i-Great Depression , abanini ezininzi abahlwempuzekileyo lezabelo bazibulala ngokuthi utsibela evela iifestile wesakhiwo. Emva koku, ulawulo ubekele nemivalo yesinyithi iifestile. Ukuba amaziko ezemali abadumileyo akazange alibonakali kanje entolongweni, kwagqitywa ukuvala ezi emkhusaneni US iflegi yesizwe.

Esi sakhiwo kungoku ivaliwe kwi NYSE, kodwa ziindwendwe New York ngokuzithandela ukuthatha imifanekiso isakhiwo esidala ekudibaneni kwemigaqo Street kunye Wall Street, obeyindoda New York Stock Exchange. Iifoto zendlu eyaziwa kubakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.

NYSE kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

Ngexesha uphila i-New York Stock Exchange iye abanamava Maninzi amahla ndinyuka. Izihlandlo eziliqela ngayo bid Kumiswe, umzekelo, ngo-Oktobha 1929 ngenxa ekuqaleni "Great Depression" ngo-Oktobha 1987, xa Dow Jones ubunzima yokwehla zinzulu. Abangaphumelelanga kwaye yaqala ngo-Oktobha 2012, xa imarike wayeka umsebenzi wayo ngenxa yokusondela "Sandy" yenkanyamba. Okwangoku, imisebenzi yayo zilawulwa kwaye kweliso nomzimba ezikhethekileyo - iKomishoni YePhondo Securities and Exchange Commission. Yeyona istock exchange of New York iye yaphuhliswa kwaye savelisa Dow Jones isalathiso, nto leyo ke parameter ibalulekileyo ucaphula Central Bank.

NYSE namhlanje

Ukususela ngo-1975, i-New York Stock Exchange wanika ubume umbutho ongenzi nzuzo asethi zabo aphethwe ngayo abantu 1366. Indawo kwi istock exchange zingathengwa zithengiswe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ixabiso le isihlalo lungu corporation malunga nezigidi ezi-3 zeerandi broker omncinane kwimbali istock exchange - .. ezingamashumi William J. O'Neil .. Yaba nguye owadala US database yebhanki engundoqo ngemihla. Kwathi kule minyaka ingama-60 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

NYSE yahlukile kwezinye ukutshintshiselana ukuba ngocoselelo kakhulu isebenza kwiinkampani abamele i-Central Bank for intengiselwano yayo. Ezi mveliso kufuneka athobele imiqathango kuhlu. Le meko - ezinye olunzima kakhulu phakathi kwezinye ii-stock ehlabathini. Iinkampani aye kuluhlu, zigqalwa kakhulu zithembeke. Okwangoku, iimfuno kufakwa NYSE ukuhlangabezana iinkampani 2800-kumgangatho wehlabathi, kwaye 450 kuphela kubo ezingabhaliswanga eUnited States. Xa slang wabathengi iifem ezo zibizwa ngokuba "chips blue".

Indlela NYSE?

Emiselweyo mechanism zemali ezhemenutno nokumisela iindleko zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo naphi na ehlabathini - loo nto ngoku New York Stock Exchange. ofisi Iiyure ukusuka 9:30 ukuya 16:00 (ixesha New York). umsebenzi exchange kubangela Specialists Iingcali ezizodwa. banoxanduva umyalelo borhwebo kwi istock exchange kunye nenkxaso amatyala abasebenzi NYSE. Ingcali nzulu imicimbi phakathi abathengi nabathengisi, inkqubo yokuthengisa iqala. Kwimeko apho kukho ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuneko, yingcali unelungelo lokusebenzisa imali inkampani ukugcina iindleko Central Bank. Ukongezelela, iingcali exchange na incwadi evulekileyo - tape quotes of izibambiso ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lenene, enze isicelo aze ayalele abanini kunye nabathengi izibambiso.

Ngaphandle iingcali, kwanaleyo yayizinyaswe ezinjalo wabathengi:

- abantu abamele iinkampani ukusuka kwiinkampani kuluhlu ngokulandelana;

- abantu abamele mali macala kunye yomhlalaphantsi zabucala abatyali weZiko;

- abantu abaye ngamnye imali izibambiso;

- ezimeleyo ngabasebenzi (Independent Brokers), apho imiyalelo neeklayenti zabo;

- abantu abamele izindlu labarhwebi, abanongamelayo efandesini egameni kwezinye yeenkampani labarhwebi NYSE Ilungu ezihlola Brokerage;

- broker "emgangathweni» Brokers Floor. Aba bantu baphathiswe kubo kwizabelo ukurhweba. Okwangoku emgangathweni istock exchange ezizizithuba amabini, nganye eneyazo ukuya amacandelo amathathu. Enye umthengisi imalunga amashumi izabelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umthengiseli emgangathweni - oyingcaphephe na amava kakhulu lomsebenzi stock exchange.

imisebenzi Modern Stock Exchange NYSE ine umlinganiswa ngamazwe. Ukususela impumelelo NYSE uqoqosho oxhomekeke kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka ezinkulu ezifana China naseRashiya. Ukhuphiswano ilizwe, indima yayo kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo jikelele kuxhomekeka kwimpumelelo inzuzo iinkampani phambili kweli lizwe. Kwaye ke imisebenzi NYSE, kwakunye nezinye stock ehlabathini, sibhekiswe kuphuhliso loqoqosho elimiweyo liphela, hayi ukulahlula izabelo yenkampani kwaye ngamazwekazi kunye namazwe.