Wear. Iintlobo kukuwohloka yokuhlela

Umntu ngamnye Kudala kwaziwa ukuba yonke into lidla azipheli. Oku kusebenza zombini kwisakhiwo kunye nazo naziphi na izixhobo. Kwaye indawo lwezinto nezixhobo kumele nje kuphela xa bethe mabaphume ukuze, kodwa kunye ukubonakala kwezixhobo ngaphezulu mihla.

Oku kuya konga imali kakhulu kwi ukulungisa iimoto ezindala noomatshini ukufumana imveliso olukhawulezayo nekhuselekileyo. eziqhelekileyo kakuhle kwezi nkqubo, iingcungela kummandla Accounting ne-Economics.

Ukuzimisela zokuguga

Qonda into kuyinxiba, kulula. Le lahleko kweepropati yokuqala into. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezininzi kunye indibanisela yazo: zendalo, zezomzuzwana, ezoqoqosho kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokulinganayo kuchatshazelwa inkqubela kunye nefuthe womntu.

Xa accounting, le ngcamango ngokusondeleyo edibene ukuphelwa lixabiso. Umntu ucinga ingqikelelo ncam, kodwa umahluko ephawulekayo. Ukwehla ibonisa inkalo ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yemveliso, kwaye ukuphelwa lixabiso - kwezoqoqosho, umzekelo ukwabiwa kwiindleko ubunzima iindleko zemveliso kunye nokwabiwa kwemali yokuthenga izixhobo ezitsha.

Lo wokugqibela yalupheleyo ngeendlela ezininzi echaphazela ngqo banxibe. Iintlobo ukuguga nga zihlelwe ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, banxibe ngokwasemzimbeni kunye zisebenza. Nganye kwezi zinto ahlulwe aba ngamaqela.

ukonakala ngokomzimba

Sithetha ilahleko ngqo iipropati ekuqaleni ngexesha izinto zokusebenza. Ukwehla angamelwa njengoko ngokupheleleyo kunye noluphakathi. Kwimeko yokugqibela, izixhobo iya kubuyiselwa zokulungisa. Kwezinye iimeko ke kuvumelekile kuphela ukurhoxiswa okanye sebenzisa njenge zitho nanceba.

Kukho kwakhona kudidi ngakumbi lwengcombolo wear ngokwasemzimbeni kunye iinyembezi:

• lokuqala uhlobo - izixhobo unxiba ngaphandle ngenxa yokusetyenziswa echanekileyo;
• uhlobo yesibini - izixhobo umonakalo ngumtyholwa kunye nezakhiwo iba ngemvelo, nokuhluthwa imithetho ukusetyenziswa, etc;..
• eqhubekayo - ilahleko ngokuthe ngcembe kweepropati yoqobo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo;
• olungxamisekileyo - iyamlandela (iba sizathu efihliweyo oqhelekileyo ukuguga).

Iintlobo ukuguga echazwe ngasentla achazwe kuphela Ngenxa yeqhekeza isixhobo xa iyonke. Kodwa kumacandelo zaso.

Phakathi intsingiselo iintlobo wear ngokwasemzimbeni kunye akuyichazi ayikho ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi ukusuka yokuziphatha.

bafaka functional

Ukuba ebonakalayo zonke sikhanya ngokwaneleyo, kwimeko yokusebenza kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba apha sithetha ukunciphisa nomtsalane koomatshini ukusuka ekuveliseni izixhobo zobuchwepheshe obutsha. ukuguga esebenzayo wohlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Partial - izixhobo uba engeluncedo lwanto ukusebenzisa kumjikelo ngokupheleleyo imveliso, kodwa mhlawumbi kufanelekile na ukuba eminye imisebenzi ethile.
• Full - ukuguga kukhokelela kukuba izixhobo ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa kwimveliso. Kufanelekile kuphela ukukopela okanye sebenzisa njenge zitho nanceba.

Yiba banxibe ezisebenzayo kunye nenye Ukuhlelwa - ngenxa yezizathu ingenzeka. Kuyo ezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• ukonakala kwesimilo - inkangeleko kwimarike izixhobo thuthu, efana naleyo isetyenziselwa ekwenzeni. Iindidi iphelelwe ngenxa ngokugqithiseleyo eyinkunzi okanye iindleko.
• ukuguga zeteknoloji - ukuvela ubugcisa bemveliso advanced ngakumbi. Inokubuyiselwa kukuncwina mali kunye nokwakhiwa nezixhobo.

ukonakala kwezoqoqosho

Hayi nje uhlobo nexesha kuchaphazela iindidi ukuguga. Economy, uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza nazo kuchaphazela uphelelo izixhobo. Ukwehla inxulumene ngqo imibandela efana nale:

• Ukwehla kwemfuneko iimveliso langabom ngoku.
• Ukunyuka kwamandla emali. Kukho imfuneko yokuthenga izinto ngamaxabiso aphezulu, banyuse imivuzo yabasebenzi, kukho ezinye iindleko ezifanayo, kodwa amaxabiso imveliso musa kwandisa imali elingana neendleko.
• ukhuphiswano Ukwandiswa.
• Ukunyuka kwenzala kwimali-mboleko zemibutho ekhutshwe injongo ethile (ezifana nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo ezitsha).
• Utshintsho kwiimarike yorhwebo.
• Izithintelo kusetyenziso lwe iimodeli ezithile izixhobo ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo.

Akusebenzi Ulahlekwe iimpawu zazo zingaba estate yokwenene, kunye namaqela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. inkampani nganye uluhlu olupheleleyo apho banxibe iyaboniswa. Iintlobo ukuguga ngexesha elinye nabo babe nodidi zabo.

zomculo

Ubomi lweenkonzo nokuhambelana nemigaqo echaphazela imeko isixhobo. Nokusetyenziswa esebenzayo okanye ayilunganga, ukuba usesichengeni deformations Ulahlekwe nemihlaba yabo yokuqala. Iintlobo isixhobo ukuguga zahlukene:

• deformation komhlaba;
• ukuyilwa emathambekeni;
• deformation plastic ;
• NOKUCUKUCEZA;
• ukuqhekeka;
• neziqu ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ngamnye kubo inezizathu zayo namakhambi umonakalo. Amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuze kunqandwe asakhulayo isixhobo ukuguga, ukunceda abambe yawo ebomini nkonzo kwaye bavelise umsebenzi ongcono esemgangathweni.

iinkcukacha

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo ungatshintsha ubungakanani, imilo, kwaye isidima izixhobo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, nto leyo yenza kube lula ukubona ezi ntlobo zilandelayo wear and tear:

• mechanical;
• ezinto mechanical;
• nokumelana-mechanical.

Uthintelo Excellent na ukuthambisa ajikeleze kwangethuba iindawo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba izixhobo (izixhobo, oomatshini, izixhobo njalo njalo. P.) Okanye yokugcina.

izakhiwo

Nasiphi na isakhiwo phezu kwexesha, uphelelwa ngamandla alo. Ukuphila kwakhe kunokuba zombini ngokusebenzisa nokusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa ngexesha okanye ngokutsha. Iintlobo ukugxagxiseka kwezakhiwo zezi zilandelayo:

• Physical - ifuthe ixesha kunye iimeko zangaphandle kwi into.
• Yokusetyenziswa - xa isakhiwo uyayeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno amaziko kunye nemisebenzi yalo hlobo.
• Yangaphandle - impembelelo ebangelwa lwangaphandle kwezoqoqosho zinto.

Kulo mzekelo, izinto zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini elements: ixesha elide yaye ngokuxhomekeke yokonakala ngokukhawuleza. Iqela lokuqala luquka udonga, kwaye eyesibini - uphahla, imibhobho, etc ...

banxibe iintlobo impahla efanayo kungakhathaliseki uhlobo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nendawo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba wear emzimbeni kunye nokukrazuka kwimozulu ezahlukeneyo ixesha okanye ukuzila.

Kwakhona, kukho kuphela iintlobo wear and tear, kodwa iindlela zokwenza isigqibo ngobuchule deformation. Makhe sihlole kubo.

Iindlela: indlela ukufumanisa banxibe

Iintlobo ukuguga ngokuqhelekileyo kuchazwa emzimbeni neyokuziphatha, ngaphandle kwisahlulo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi nomnye. Nceda ubone amaqondo kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• ubonwa - indlela ngqo yokuqingqa banxibe (zoviwo injongosenzi kunye iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo);
• elithi Life - umlinganiselo kwexesha operation emisiweyo ukuba ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwenza kucace ukuba ipesenti noomatshini ezilahlekileyo iipropati yayo yoqobo;
• uvavanyo eyandisiweyo ubume zobugcisa - ukuzimisela kwisikali zokuguga;
• Ixabiso ngqo lemali - umlinganiselo iindleko zokusilungisa ukuba ixabiso isiziba esitsha kwezinto zokusebenza;
• inzuzo yalo msebenzi - ukunciphisa umlinganiselo yengeniso net ukuba kunokwenzeka ubuninzi.

indlela nganye ngaphezulu okanye echanileyo ngaphantsi kubonisa imeko izinto, kodwa xa kusenziwa indlela ngqo isetyenziswa kakhulu alufane ngaphezu kwabanye.

iindlela zokubala

Njengoko iqondwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuchonga Cazulula iintlobo-ntlobo ukuguga. Ukwehla ibalwa ngeendlela eziliqela kakuhle phezu kwazo. Zezi:

• linear;
• indlela yokwehla ibhalansi ;
• udibaniso iminyaka yobomi luncedo;
• ngokomlinganiselo umthamo kwimveliso.

Zonke ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa kwi akhawunti lweshishini, kuxhomekeka ekubeni ubucele ntoni na inkampani noko na umthamo kwimveliso.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi lweshishini ngalinye kufuneka ihlawulwe ukunxiba eninzi ingqalelo. Kungenxa ngokusetyenziswa eyiyo izixhobo kunye nezinto real estate, wokulungisa ngexesha kunye nenkampani replacement iya kuba iimveliso ezisemgangathweni iindleko minimum kuyimfuneko.