Ngabalamli arhabaxa: yokuhlela

Imbonakalo iinkqubo ukudumba njengempendulo into zophendlo lwezifo usabela olwaneleyo eziphilayo. Ukudumba - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ukuvela kwinqanaba lengingqi okanye ngokubanzi okwenzeka njengempendulo arhente zasemzini. Eyona umsebenzi yokuphuhlisa impendulo yokukrala ngqo bayeke impembelelo lwezidumbu kunye nokufunyanwa umzimba. ngabalamli ukudumba unguye abalamleli, abanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ezi nkqubo.

Ngokufutshane kwimigaqo yokusabela arhabaxa

Amajoni omzimba - kuzilinda impilo yabantu. Xa imfuneko ukungena ekulweni yaye ebulala iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, nezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, kunye wokuvuselela oluncediswayo yenkqubo ezincinane ukulwa ingabonwa abangaboniyo okanye uzive imbonakalo umfanekiso lwezonyango. Oko kwiimeko ezifana ukudumba kuphuhliswa njenge impendulo yokuzikhusela komzimba.

Ngenqubo impendulo etsolo kwaye esingapheliyo yokukrala flow yayo. Eyokuqala evukayo ngesiquphe isenzo ukubacaphukisa factor (trauma, umonakalo, isiphumo negazi, usuleleko). ukudumba esingapheliyo ixesha elide yaye ngaphantsi iqapheleka iimpawu zonyango.

Kwimeko impendulo yasekuhlaleni amajoni omzimba kummandla yokwenzakala okanye zokudubula imiqondiso apho yokusabela arhabaxa zilandelayo:

• buhlungu;
• ukudumba, sivakale sidumbile;
• ukuthoba kwesikhumba ;
• ephula sokusebenza;
• komzimba (iqondo lobushushu ukunyuka).

Isigaba yokukrala zophuhliso

Inkqubo ukudumba isekelwe phezu intsebenziswano ngaxeshanye yesikhumba izinto zokuzikhusela, igazi kunye omzimba. Ngoko nangoko emva kokudibana ukuya arhente zasemzini, umzimba uphendula vasodilatation zendawo kummandla yokwenzakala ngqo. Kukho ukwanda permeability kodonga kunye ekomelezeni microcirculation yasekuhlaleni. Kunye Iiseli ukufika ukhuseleko apha humoral.

Xa Inqanaba lesibini iiseli omzimba aqale nzima kunye Cya, bazibona endaweni umonakalo. Inkqubo yokuba igama phagocytosis. Iiseli, neutrophils, ukutshintsha imilo yabo ukufunxa arhente zophendlo lwezifo. Okulandelayo, ume ngaphandle kunye arhente ezikhethekileyo sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.

Ngaxeshanye kunye magciwane kutshabalalisa neutrophils kunye neeseli omdala ufile, apho ibekwe kwindawo komtshiso oko. Uyiqala uphuhliso reactions Isigaba sesithathu eziphilayo. Ingqwalasela ukudumba njengoko akhuselwe emzimbeni wonke. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndawo enokuphathwa throbbing. Iseli iqalisa ukuvelisa mediators ukudumba kwiiseli lwemasti, ekuvumela ukuba ukucoca endaweni elimele ukusuka buthi, inkunkuma kunye nezinye izinto.

imiba jikelele zabalamli

ngabalamli ukudumba - na into ebonakalayo imvelaphi eziphilayo, ezo zihamba okukhutshwa izigaba eziphambili kokulungiswa. Abanoxanduva ukuvela kweempawu yokusabela arhabaxa. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda permeability beendonga inqanawa okanye ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu zendawo kummandla traumatization.

Abalamli engundoqo ukudumba ahluka hayi kuphela uphuhliso inkqubo yezifo. uphuhliso lwabo kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo. Ijoliswe ummiselo kwemisebenzi umzimba inwebu kunye kumaza. Kuxhomekeka kwicala amanyathelo, modulators yokuba nempembelelo:

• additive (ulwandiso);
• ihambelana (potentiator);
• antagonichesky (kuncipha).

Xa ukulimala okanye kwindawo yesenzo neurotransmitter of unit kwaziwe ilawula iinkqubo intsebenziswano kunye ukudumba phase effector shift uphawu le nkqubo.

Types of ngabalamli arhabaxa

Zonke modulators ukudumba bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini, ngokuxhomekeke imvelaphi yazo:

1. Humoral: kinins, avela of ngumphelelisi izinqumisi.
2. Cell: amine vasoactive, avela acid CD, cytokines, lymphokines, imiba lysosomal, metabolites ioksijini lovukelo, neuropeptides.

ngabalamli Humoral of ukudumba ezifumaneka emzimbeni womntu ukuphembelela into lwezidumbu, ngamanye amazwi umzimba unikezelo ezi izinto. yokulahlwa kwe yabo kwenzeka xa iiseli ngohlobo opholileyo.

amine Vasoactive kunye imiba neuropeptides lysosomal nawo modulators pre-ezikhoyo. Izinto ezishiyekileyo ngoweqela yabalamli cellular ziveliswa ngqo ngexesha kuphuhliso impendulo arhabaxa.

ahlobene le kugcwalisa

Kuba ngabalamli ukudumba isuselwa nokuncoma. Eli qela kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo kucingelwa ukuba phakathi modulators zibalulekileyo humoral. K ahlobene ziquka 22 protein ezahlukeneyo ogama benazo kwenzeka kunye ngumphelelisi lokuvula (ukubunjwa izakhiwo omzimba okanye immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a kunye C3a banoxanduva kwisigaba ukudumba etsolo kunye Liberatore histamine ziveliswa iiseli imasti. isenzo sabo sibhekiswe ikukukhuthaza umgangatho weseli permeability semithambo, oluqhutywa ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo zezi ngendlela histamine.
2. Modulator C5a des Arg kwandisa permeability le venules kwisiza yempendulo yokukrala kwaye ezitsala iiseli neutrophilic.
3. S3 kukhuthaza phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 onoxanduva lysis kwala magciwane kunye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.

Eli qela yabalamli akhutshwa plasma kunye inyama fluid. Ngenxa ukungena ummandla lwezidumbu, iinkqubo exudation kwenzeka. Ngenxa yezabelo zincedisana akhululwe interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins kunye zegazi-yenza into.

kinins

Eli qela kwezinto yi vasodilators. Bona eqalisiweyo fluid inyama kunye plasma globulin ethile. Abameli ephambili qela ziquka bradykinin kunye kallidin, apho isiphumo inyathelo lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• inxaxheba ukuncitshiswa izihlunu amaqela ezigudileyo;
• ngokunciphisa endothelial nemithambo ukugxininisa iinkqubo udonga permeability;
• negalelo kwande emithanjeni kunye noxinzelelo lwemithambo;
• ukwandisa izitya amancinci;
• ukuba imbonakalo intlungu ukurhawuzelela;
• ukukhawulezisa ngokutsha, collagen yokuqaphela.

Intshukumo ejoliswe ukufunyanwa lokufikelela bradykinin plasma nesiza komtshiso oko. Kinins - ngabalamli intlungu komtshiso oko. Baya li ukuya receptors zendawo, ubuhlungu, bomzimba, ukurhawuzelela.

prostaglandins

ngabalamli zeselula ukudumba ezi prostaglandins. Eli qela iikhompawundi kunxulumene avela ze CD. Imithombo prostaglandins ezi macrophage, iiplatelets, granulocytes kunye monocytes.

Prostaglandins - njengabalamli ukudumba, ebonisa lo msebenzi ulandelayo:

• ukukhuthazwa receptor buhlungu;
• vasodilation;
• ukwandisa iinkqubo exudative;
• ukomelezwa of komzimba kwi sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi;
• nokukhawulezisa ukuhamba leukocytes waya kummandla zophendlo lwezifo;
• ukwenyuka ukudumba.

leukotrienes

izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo besive abalamli elalisandul 'ukusekwa. Oko kukuthi, amajoni omzimba xa abanye isixa esaneleyo ngokukhawuleza impendulo esahlala.

Leukotrienes ukubangela inzuzo permeability nemithambo kunye leukocyte Ukubonelela ngokwazi ukufikelela kuzo kwindawo ngezifo. Zibalulekile kwi sisiqalo iintlungu arhabaxa. Substances nga kuhlanganiswa kuzo zonke iiseli zegazi ngaphandle erythrocytes, kunye adventitia iiseli umphunga, imithambo yegazi kunye neeseli namanqatha.

Kwimeko ukudumba ukusabela iintsholongwane, intsholongwane okanye izinto komzimba leukotrienes kubangela spasm inyumoniya, ebangela kuphuhliso nokudumba. Impembelelo efana yesenzo histamine, kodwa ixesha elide. Ekujoliswe umbutho izinto esebenzayo - intliziyo. Ime phandle inani elikhulu, benza entliziyweni kwezihlunu, flow coronary ecothayo nokunyusa umgangatho basabela arhabaxa.

thromboxanes

Eli qela modulators esebenzayo eqalisiweyo nezihlunu udakada, iiseli zengqondo, iiseli wemiphunga zegazi. Nempembelelo yiSpasticity kwi imithambo yegazi, ukuphucula iinkqubo thrombosis e ischemia kwentliziyo, igalelo kwinkqubo udibaniso kunye zegazi adhesion.

amine biogenic

Primary ukudumba mediators - histamine kunye serotonin. Substances ezi yokuxhokonxa ukuphazamiseka microcirculatory okokuqala kwindawo ngezifo. Serotonin - a neurotransmitter ethe yaveliswa kwizisele ezityebileyo, neeplatelets kunye enterochromaffin.

Isenzo serotonin kuyahlukana nedlela kwinqanaba yayo emzimbeni. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, xa isixa ungumlamleli komzimba, oko kwandisa inkantsi semithambo kwaye yandisa nesimo sabo. Ngophuhliso reactions yokukrala inani kwandisa kakhulu. Serotonin uba vasodilator, ukwandisa permeability nemithambo kunye nokwandisa nempahla. Ngaphezu koko, isenzo yayo ibe izihlandlo ezilikhulu ezichanekileyo yesibini biogenic ngomdla neurotransmitter.

Histamine - ngumxolelanisi yokukrala iyabuphucula ezininzi malunga imithambo yegazi kunye neeseli. Owenza iqela elinye gistaminchuvstvitelnyh receptors iziyobisi dilates imithambo kwaye abangaphangeliyo intshukumo leukocyte. Xa baboniswa enye - loo linciphise umthambo vnutrikapellyarnogo ebangela ukwanda koxinzelelo kwelinye icala, ukukhuthaza intshukumo leukocyte.

Owenza receptors neutrophil, histamine enciphisa ukusebenza zabo receptors monocyte - eshukumisa elidlulileyo. Ngoko ke, lo neurotransmitter abe ukudumba nesiphumo anti-ukudumba ngexesha elifanayo.

ukusebenza Vasodilator of histamine kunyuswa phantsi kweempembelelo izakhiwo kunye acetylcholine, bradykinin, kunye serotonin.

enzyme lysosomal

ngabalamli ukudumba omzimba ziveliswa monocytes kunye granulocytes endaweni yenkqubo lwezidumbu ngexesha ukukhuthazwa, ukufuduka, phagocytosis, umonakalo kweeseli kunye nokufa. Proteases ezo yingxam engundoqo enqanda lysosomal babe ukhuseleko isiphumo elwa lysing iintsholongwane yalapha kutshatyalaliswa zophendlo lwezifo.

Ngaphezu koko, izinto esebenzayo igalelo ekukhuleni permeability yeendonga semithambo, ukuliguquguqula leukocyte nokungena. Kuxhomekeka inani enqanda ekwanti, lunokomeleza okanye buthathaka yokufuduka iiseli leukocyte.

impendulo yokukrala iphuhlise kwaye ihlala ixesha elide ngenxa yokuba i-enzayim lysosomal isebenze inkqubo ngumphelelisi ukukhululwa cytokines kunye coagulation uvule limokiny kunye fibrinolysis.

iiproteni cationic

Ngu ukudumba ngabalamli ziiproteni eziqulathwe granules neutrophil kwaye ukuba microbicidal eliphezulu. Ezi izinto benza ngqo kwi iiseli angaphandle, ukuphazamisa inwebu yayo noshowo. Oku kubangela ukufa arhente yezifo. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo Unxunguphalo cleavage yi proteases lysosomal.

iiproteni Cationic ukukhuthaza neurotransmitter release histamine, ukwandisa semithambo permeability, ukukhawulezisa adhesion leukocyte kunye yokufuduka eziseleni.

cytokines

Oku ngabalamli zeselula ukudumba eziveliswa kwiiseli ze zilandelayo:

• monocytes;
• macrophage;
• neutrophils;
• lymphocyte;
• iiseli endothelial.

Owenza neutrophils, amanqanaba cytokine ukwandisa permeability nemithambo. Kwakhona zivuselela iiseli leukocyte lokubulala, bathimba yaye zitshabalalise Cya angaphandle izinziswe, ukuphucula inkqubo phagocytosis.

Emva ngokubulala agents zophendlo lwezifo cytokines zivuselela ukuchacha nonyebeleziso iiseli ezintsha. Dibana ne zingangeni kwiqela yabalamli, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

metabolites Active oksijini

Iqela radicals ezamahala, ezo ngenxa yobukho kwi elektroni zabo unpaired, ekwaziyo engena zanxulunyaniswa molecule, ethatha inxaxheba ngqo kuphuhliso inkqubo arhabaxa. Xa metabolites mpilo, eziyinxalenye abalamli, zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ezinkulu hydroxyl;
• hydroperoxide olukhulu;
• superoxide anion olukhulu.

Umthombo kwezi zinto sikhuthele umaleko zangaphandle CD inkanuko acid phagocytic yozigqabhuza nabo, kwakunye igcwala kweemolekyuli ezincinane.

Metabolites oxygen kuphucula amandla iiseli phagocytic ukutshabalalisa arhente zangaphandle unobangela igcwala kwamafutha, umonakalo acid, ii-asidi acid, iikhabhohayidrethi, ukwandisa permeability nemithambo. Njengoko modulators of metabolites kungandisa yokukrala okanye isiphumo anti-ukudumba. Bona kubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso nezifo ezingapheliyo.

neuropeptides

Eli qela libandakanya calcitonin, neurokinin A, ubusingele P. Le modulators ezininzi uyaziwa neuropeptides. ukusebenza Substances isenzo isekelwe le nkqubo ilandelayo:

• nokutsala neutrophils in komtshiso oko;
• ukwanda permeability yegazi;
• Nceda namanye amaqela bubhencekile receptors ezibuthathaka of neurotransmitters;
• isixhasi nobuntununtunu neutrophils ukuya endothelium lwemithambo;
• inxaxheba ukuyilwa iintlungu ngexesha impendulo arhabaxa.

Ukongeza zonke ngasentla, ukuya abalamli esebenzayo kuquka acetylcholine, iadrenaline kunye noradrenaline. Acetylcholine libandakanyeka ekubunjweni hyperemia esimbaxa, dilates imithambo yegazi ezimbi ezonka.

Norepinephrine kunye epinephrine lisebenze modulators of ukudumba, ziyibuyisela ukukhula inqanaba permeability yegazi.

Uphuhliso impendulo yokukrala ayikho kukwaphula yi eziphilayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, loo nto ibonisa ukuba amajoni omzimba ukumelana imisebenzi.