Ngokuqhutywa ngebhaxa - oku ... Ingcamango ngebhaxa

Ingxaki yabasebenzi kuchaphazela kuphela umntu, kodwa uluntu luphela. ngokuqhutywa ngebhaxa - oku yeyona ngxaki engxamisekileyo zombini komthetho wesizwe kunye ngamazwe.

Ingcamango PR

Nomsebenzi onyanzelwayo - luyinzaliseko umsebenzi othile phantsi nokoyikiswa isohlwayo kumntu. Ngenxa yoko, linokusetyenziswa zombini iziphumo engqondweni nasemzimbeni, nto leyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ngobundlobongela. Olo isiphumo akuvumelekanga ukwenzela ukugcina uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho ngumqeshi (inkampani) njalo njalo. Non-lugonyamelo umlinganiselo uxanduva nokohlwaywa ukuququzelela kunye abathatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo, ibinzana ngeembono zezopolitiko kunye neenkolelo nemibono.

ngebhaxa olunjalo, ukuba umqeshwa akakwazi ukuba ayinike up. Ukungavunyelwa ngebhaxa isicelo meko zilandelayo:

1. Ukophulwa kwexesha yokuhlawulwa umvuzo okanye inxalenye kunikezelo yayo.
2. Le emngciphekweni wentshabalalo yangoko nangoko ubomi kunye nempilo ngenxa kumbutho imveliso esibi. Oku kuquka iphula iimfuno zempilo, ubukho bezixhono zokuzikhusela buqu, ukuthobela imithetho zomthetho wokhuseleko zabasebenzi kunye njalo njalo.

Umthetho ku Iingingqi

ngebhaxa akuvunyelwa kumazwe amaninzi, oko kulawulwa ngumthetho wesizwe. Ngaphezu koko, imithetho emininzi equlethwe kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, phakathi leyo ebaluleke kakhulu:

• KweSivumelwano on Civil and Political Rights;
• ILO Convention on the Abolition labaSebenzi ngenkani;
• ILO Convention on ngenkani lezaBasebenzi.

Ukongeza, umthetho ethintela olu hlobo lomsebenzi ziboniswa amaxwebhu ngokubanzi, ezifana Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Iintlobo zomsebenzi, non-PR

ngebhaxa kuphela ezo izenzo ukuba yenziwa phantsi isisongelo isohlwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho ngokusesikweni kuwa phantsi inkcazelo ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, kodwa eneneni akunjalo. Idatha ziquka miqathango ilandelayo:

• Ukubulawa imisebenzi ezimiselwe yi emkhosini. Imisebenzi enxulumene emkhosini okanye inkonzo yomphakathi akusosinyanzelo, njengoko kubonelelwe ekuqaleni kuba yi imbopheleleko karhulumente ukuze uluzalise.
• Umsebenzi kufuneka enze kwimeko yonxunguphalo nomthetho wemitshato. Umyalelo yokwenza imisebenzi enjalo ugqitywa mthetho.
• ngebhaxa, lo mgaqo awusebenzi ngexesha likaxakeka, ezizezi, imililo, izikhukula, iinyikima, iindlala, izifo enezityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo nezilwanyana njalo njalo. Kaxakeka zezo ezisongela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza abemi bendawo ethile.
• Umsebenzi owenziwe ngenxa bangene amandla a kwesigwebo senkundla isigwebo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa phantsi kweliso ngqongqo nokulawulwa nabasemagunyeni oluntu kwaye nomsebenzi onyanzelwayo.

territoriality PR

nomsebenzi onyanzelwayo, ucalucalulo bawo zonke iinkalo kunye iintlobo oluntu, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo, imvelaphi yembali, ixesha ukubunjwa, isakhiwo kwezoqoqosho, njalo-njalo. Lo mkhwa unako khona zombini kwi ngophuhliso kunye kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, yaye ayiphelelanga ukuya kwenye inxalenye planethi. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba Convention on forced lezaBasebenzi kunye ILO ibe imithetho ngendlela ethile. Uninzi lwazo imigangatho ayikokubambana ngendlela.

Kulo mba, kumazwe amaninzi kukho utoliko olwahlukileyo intsingiselo izenzo ngamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, abanye bakholelwa ukuba ngebhaxa ngokusondeleyo enxulumene nolawulo yileyo, kwakunye ukuxhatshazwa yomntu nzima. Le ukhetho yesibini iquka ukuqaliswa amagama amatsha, afana "ubukhoboka namhlanje" okanye "izenzo ezifana ngamakhoboka." La magama zinxulunyaniswa kwemiqathango abahluphekayo kunye eziyingozi, kwakunye umvuzo-kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

iimpawu OL

ngebhaxa - sphere umsebenzi, nto leyo eye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. I-International Convention of 1930 ithi ngabafakwa uviko ngumsebenzi yonke okanye inkonzo oluqhutywa phantsi yokoyika isohlwayo ukusuka irisithi lomntu. Ukongeza, uMthetho uchaza imeko kuyimfuneko: ukuba umntu waba ithuba ukuba nenxaxheba kulo msebenzi, ange belisebenzisa.

Uxwebhu ikhankanywe apha ngentla ngamazwe ibhekisela eziliqela ngaphandle, umzekelo ngokunxulumene emkhosini kunye nomsebenzi emkhosini. Kananjalo ayibandakanyi nokuxelenga imigulukudu, imisebenzi yoluntu, umsebenzi yonxunguphalo okanye imo yonxunguphalo, kwakunye umsebenzi okanye inkonzo phantsi kweliso elibukhali abameli karhulumente arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

I-ILO Convention ithi ngebhaxa yiyo nayiphi na umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho, ejoliswe imfundo re-kwezopolitiko, kwakunye ibandakanya calulo. Oku akuvumelekanga olu hlobo lomsebenzi njengendlela yokohlwaya abasebenzi inxaxheba yabo ilungelo lokuqhankqalaza, njengoko eli lungelo liya kuzinza kuphela nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa yi-Code Labour.

Ingaba imivuzo ephantsi PR?

Abantu abaninzi ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba ngebhaxa - ke imivuzo ephantsi kunye neemeko abahluphekayo zokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuba bazobe umda ocacileyo phakathi ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo kunye neemeko lihlwempu umsebenzi ngempumelelo. Kwimeko imivuzo ephantsi umntu kusoloko kunika ukhetho: emsebenzini okanye aqhubeke ukusebenza kwindawo ethile. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphaya kolawulo lwakhe, umzekelo ngenxa yokunqongophala ezizezinye, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukunika iziphumo umsebenzi kwinkampani.

Forced ezinxulumene nomsebenzi gross lunyhasho lwamalungelo oluntu, isithintelo on inkululeko yakhe, abewamemeza uYehova mthetho. Lo mbuzo ngokupheleleyo kunxulumene ngemiba yangoku ngamazwe yobukhoboka, serfdom kunye yomsebenzi kwetyala.

Ziziphi izenzo kuhlangene ukuya PR

ngebhaxa - lizalisekisa iintshukumo ezithile ephantsi lemfundo ngasentla igama. Ngoko ke, kolu hlobo lomsebenzi mthethweni zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukubiwa nokusetyenziswa ubundlobongela kuyo.
2. Ukwamkelwa yobukhoboka kwetyala ngokuzalwa okanye lilifa.
3. imisebenzi ngokungekho zentengiso oluntu kunye nokuthenga, kwakunye nezinye iintengiselwano ngokumalunga nobuntu.
4. Ukungavunyelwa yendawo emzimbeni, ezifana ngaphakathi kwipropati yabucala. Oku kuquka ukuvalelwa mthethweni eluvalelweni, ezintolongweni, emsebenzini.
5. ukunyanzela nasengqondweni, nto leyo sikhatshwa izoyikiso isohlwayo hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokungathobeli ke ngokwakhe umntu, kodwa ubundlobongela obujoliswe izalamane kunye nabanye abantu abasondeleyo.
6. Ukunikezela ngolwazi olububuxoki malunga neemeko zokusebenza, umvuzo, umsebenzi, njalo njalo.
7. Ukugcinwa yamaxwebhu lobuqu ngummi, kuquka ukuchonga, ezifana neencwadana zokundwendwela, iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba, kwakunye noluhlu ezinye izibambiso.
8. ubundlobongela ngokwesini.
9. Basuke intlalo yoluntu, ukusuka eluntwini, ukuze umntu onikwe uxanduva ethile ukuze kuphunyezwe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi.
10. Nokungalali ukutya, indawo yokuhlala, imali ngokusilela emsebenzini imiyalelo.

Ngabafakwa uviko kwi ILO

Inkululeko kumsebenzi - enye imithetho ibaluleke gqitha kuyo nayiphi na umthetho wesizwe. Akukho ndoda, akukho mbutho awukwazi yigqithise kum le lungelo. Zwangsarbeit ngumzekelo obalaseleyo bezityholo umgaqo ngasentla. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku mba ingqalelo ngononophelo olukhulu yi-ILO.

I-International Labor Organization ugqala nokunakana izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi njengento enyanzelekileyo. Okokuqala, akukho umqondiso umsebenzi ngokuzithandela wenziwe. Okwesibini, ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi olwenziwa phantsi isisongelo isohlwayo. practice ngaphezu konyaka-75 ubudala uye ukucaca izinto ngasentla. Ukongeza, phantsi ugrogriso sohlwayo iqondwa isohlwayo lwezohlwayo nje kuphela, kodwa ke ukuhluthwa amalungelo athile.

Akha ekusongeleni sisohlwayo in PR

ngebhaxa luphawulwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yosongo isohlwayo. Abameli ubalaseleyo ngayo ugonyamelo ngokwasemzimbeni, udibaniso ne entolongweni. Ukongeza, kwanabenzi bobubi abo badla ukusebenzisa unobangela nefuthe elibi kwiintsapho kunye nezalamane zabantu oluntu kunye isihlalo phantsi kwedyokhwe yabasebenzi.

Indawo yesibini ovame kuthatha uhlobo yosongo neziphumo engqondweni. Njengoko umthetho, ugrogriso iqhelekileyo imfuneko kunikezelo imizimba zokunyanzelisa umthetho amaxhoba. Kangaka iimeko apho abaqeshi ngokwenene ngenkani angaphantsi kwakhe ukusebenza ingxelo indawo yabo emapoliseni okanye wabavela inkonzo. impumelelo eyodwa Ezi ezinokuphazamisa kwimeko ummi angaphandle ngokungekho kweli lizwe. Kwimiphumo zengqondo iquka nokoyikiswa ulwazi malunga nemiyalezo ukuba intombazana wenza ukuhenyuza kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kokuhlaliswa okanye isixeko.

Features OL kwicandelo zemali

Ifom yesithathu usongo ezikumila zemali. Njengoko umthetho, ixhoba isicelo zohlwayo kwezoqoqosho, ezifana kwamatyala, ukungahlawulwa engenayo, izoyikiso ukugxothwa kunye njalo njalo. Le ndlela yokugqibela kusetyenziswa kwimeko ukwala umqeshwa wenza umsebenzi wangotshayile. Ukongeza, abaqeshi badla ifuna abafundi ukuba bangenise iincwadi zezazisi. Ukuba bendisekeleze izenzo ezinjalo, kubalulekile xa ucinga ukuba xa kuvela kuwe iimpawu ngebhaxa kunye noogxa bakho ziye isicelo.