Yintoni SCO umbhalo. amazwe SCO

Uhlanganiso (connection, ukuhlangabezana) - yenye yeenkqubo ezithile zehlabathi lanamhlanje. Zonke States Kudala wabona ukuba amazwe ukuba ingakhokeleli nantoni na elungileyo. Le nto amazwe bamanyene imibutho eyahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe ngentsebenziswano uqoqosho, ezopolitiko, yenkcubeko okanye qhinga. Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngezinto SCO kunye BRICS. Xa naziphi na kwezi mibutho, kunye ithi zibandakanyiwe kumafa yayo namhlanje?

SCO: ukucazulula kunye nolwazi jikelele

Le manyano yaseYurophu kwabunjwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi kumazwe amathandathu. Umba ukunciphisa inani imikhosi kwiindawo imida ezifanayo - ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe i-SCO.

Ziqonde igama lombutho ilula: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Kutheni Shanghai? Yinto elula kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba amazwe amahlanu babe ngumqolo walombutho, nto leyo 1997 zibandakanya ekuthiwa-Shanghai Five, usayine isivumelwano efanelekileyo.

Yintoni SCO? Zeziphi amazwe zibandakanyiwe kuso? Yaye yintoni iinjongo umbutho ithi? Makhe sibone oko phandle.

Ukuphendula umbuzo malunga into SCO kufuneka kuqala zonke kuqatshelwe ukuba oku awodwa yasemkhosini. Nangona ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo yamazwe ilungu kwaye umsebenzi iphambili yalo mbutho. Sinokuthi ukuba SCO - yinto umnqamlezo phakathi kwisikrini kunye NATO awodwa. Ukulwa ubunqolobi, ebaxiweyo kunye ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi nazo zibandakanyiwe uluhlu iimfuno zombutho ngamazwe. Musa Kwathi ngamalungu SCO kunye nentsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye yezenzululwazi.

Imbali lombutho

Ukunika impendulo ngokupheleleyo umbuzo wokuba yintoni na SCO, kubalulekile ukufunda imbali yalo mbutho. Yonke le nto yaqala kunye kokusayina isivumelwano 1997 on trust efanayo emkhosini phakathi kwamazwe amahlanu. Baba China, eRashiya, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan kunye Kyrgyzstan. Umbutho efanayo kakhulu (enyanisweni, SCO) yasekwa ngo-2001 yi neenkokeli ithi ezintlanu. Ukongeza, zangamawele, zithabathela yi Uzbekistan.

Nangona imiqathango ngqa kuhlanganiso kulo mhla ndawo umva ukuya 60s emva kwexesha. Kanye ngelo xesha kwabakho ungquzulwano elikhulu kwisiqithi Sino-eSoviet phakathi eSoviet kunye noonogada umda Chinese. Emva kwesi siganeko, eSoviet Union kunye neTshayina netafile thethwano ukusombulula ingxaki kweembambano ezifanayo indawo.

amazwe SCO ibambe intlanganiso yabo yokuqala kumgca-up entsha ngoJuni 2002 kwikomkhulu osemantla Russia - St. Petersburg. Kwaba kukhona oko isayinwe SCO Charter, leyo yagqitywa ngokusesikweni inkqubo kumaziko lo mbutho.

Ukwakhiwa SCO kunye namalungu ayo

International Organization iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yesakhiwo oluneqela elinegunya. Oku kuquka imizimba ezininzi: iBhunga Heads of angamalungu, iBhunga iintloko oorhulumente, iBhunga labaPhathiswa leMicimbi yangaPhandle zikaRhulumente njalo njalo. Kwakhona asebenza ngokusisigxina umzimba yolawulo sakhiwa SCO - Secretariat. Okwangoku, ikhokelwe nguDmitry Mezentsev - njengommeli Russian Federation.

Yintoni "amazwe SCO"? Ngamanye amazwi, leyo States ngamalungu ayo?

Ixesha elide, amazwe amathandathu kuphela ngamalungu SCO, lowo waseka intlangano ekuqaleni kwewaka yesithathu. Noko ke, ngo-2015 (okt - 10 Julayi) kwi lombutho kuvele amalungu amabini amatsha eMzantsi Asia.

Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba sokuwa 2015, onke amazwe SCO zidweliswe apha ngezantsi:

• Russia.
• Kazakhstan.
• Uzbekistan.
• Tajikistan.
• Kyrgyzstan.
• China.
• India.
• Pakistan.

Le kumazwe angamalungu SCO. Ukongeza, ubume bombutho kukho ekuthiwa abakhe umkhanyo. Ezi ziquka Belarus, Afghanistan, Iran kunye Mongolia. amazwe amathathu ngaphezulu (Aram, Bangladesh neYiputa) kwabaviwa ukuba abakhe umkhanyo ye SCO.

Ukongeza, i-SCO ufuna ukusebenza ngokubambisana kunye neminye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe (UN, kwisikrini, ico, njalo njalo). abameli babo bafumana rhoqo isimemo esemthethweni inxaxheba ngqungquthela SCO.

Iinjongo lombutho nentsebenziswano imiba

SCO angamalungu basebenzisane kwiindawo ezininzi. Zezi:

• ukhuseleko umkhosi;
• uqoqosho kunye norhwebo;
• isayensi;
• inkcubeko kunye kwinqanaba wobuntu.

Zeziphi ezi njongo iphambili yale lombutho yokuhlanganiswa? Ngoko akukho mfihlelo umsebenzi eziyintloko SCO kukomeleza nkqubo boBumelwane yaseYurophu phakathi kwamalungu ayo, kwakunye wabonakala inkcaso odibeneyo ubugrogrisi ngamazwe kunye lukhuni. Ukongeza, angamalungu afuna iindlela ekukhuleni oluquka kule ngingqi.

SCO indawo kwi kwezopolitiko le planethi

Kakade ke, abadlali abaphambili kwi SCO zezi China, Russia, India. La mazwe akhawunti kuba malunga nama-95% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke kunye GDP iyonke zombutho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingeniso iyonke urhwebo phakathi kwamalungu SCO iyahluka zabafaki positive (kwaye oku iingxaki zoqoqosho zale mihla zinzulu).

Iingcali ezininzi zithi umbutho lisebenza ibhulorho ethile, leyo "asitsala" China kwezopolitiko e Central Asia, idibanisa kunye nto leyo naseRashiya. Kunjalo enokuthethwa Indiya nasePakistan.

Kuba Central Powers (Central) Asia inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ngaphakathi-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-SCO yi sikwancedela kakhulu. Ngapha koko, lo mmandla singqongwe namachibi ezimbini neAfrika - China naseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, e Shanghai Cooperation Organisation onke amazwe Central Asia ukusebenza njengamalungu bayalingana, abo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke izinto.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Central Asia ezintlanu ithi ilungu osisigxina SCO ayikho Turkmenistan kuphela.

BRICS: uhlanganise ngokufutshane

BRICS - ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe equka States ezintlanu ezizimeleyo. Kuyinto Brazil, Russia, India, China kunye noMzantsi Afrika (RSA). Onke la mazwe luphawulwa luhamba ngesantya esincomekayo kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho.

Ekuqaleni, umbutho waba basisishunqulelo BRIC. Ukuba ubhala ngoonobumba IsiNgesi of Abaseki bayo ngendlela ethile (iBrazil, Russia, India, China), imvelaphi qela ungayiqondiyo baya zicace. Le abbreviation eyaqhubeka de-2011, xa uMzantsi Afrika wajoyina umbutho (eMzantsi Afrika). Igama wanyuswa omnye lencwadi ukuba ujongo mihla: BRICS (BRIC + S).

Ezinye iingcali bathi lo umbutho interstate akukho ngozi yenzeke kwimephu neAfrika zehlabathi. Eneneni, phantsi kweemeko ezithile, la mazwe kwemihlanu iinkqubo yezoqoqosho ephambili kule planethi phakathi kwinkulungwane xxi. kwiimalike, enkosi zigcine kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye oluntu, kunye nokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Noko ke, ukuba ezi States ukwenza bemanyene ngokwenene wezopolitiko akwaziwa. Ukuba nangoku kwenzeke, i-BRICS kuba ngumntu counterweight owaziwayo eUnited States ihlabathi kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho.

BRICS Iingqungquthela kunye Ithemba Ukwandiswa

amalungu amathathu BRICS ibekwe Eurasia - nye eMzantsi Merika, omnye - e-Afrika. Zonke ezi amazwe encotsheni ezingamashumi kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango ye-GDP. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-BRICS iza kwandiswa. Ngoko ke, abafundi abaninzi enengqondo ubulungu yokunxulumana ingcali ekubhekiselelwe Iran, Turkey, kunye Indonesia.

Isixhobo esingundoqo nengxoxo yezopolitiko phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu kukho iingqungquthela yayo BRICS. Intlanganiso yokuqala epheleleyo kwenzeka Yekaterinburg ngo-2009, lo wesibini - emva konyaka kwisixeko abaseBrasilia. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, its been ziikomfa BRICS ezintandathu, Noko ke, onke amalungu eqela wenza isigqibo kuphela zengcebiso ngokwendalo.

Ekuphetheni ...

iinkqubo ukuhlanganiswa kutshanje ayibuyiseki umva. ithi ezahlukeneyo simanyene mbutho ukuba basebenzisane ngendlela yezoqoqosho nenkcubeko, ukuba eme ndawonye nxamnye izisongelo zomkhosi lwangaphandle.

Kweli nqaku sithetha ngalo yokuba SCO ukho, nokuba liqela BRICS. Lo mbutho yokuqala simanyene amazwe Asia kunye yesibini - amazwe amahlanu enkulu kumazwekazi ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa enyanisweni, yaye omnye umbutho inxaxheba Russia, China.