Ngubani na umlawuli ifilimu umbala yokuqala eRashiya "wempi Potemkin"?

Kwimbali cinema yehlabathi, kukho inani lemisebenzi pawu iminyaka emininzi kunye eminyaka ezayo uzimisele imiyalelo engundoqo ekuphuhlisweni kwale art. Okokuqala nokubaluleke phakathi kwabo kuyimfuneko ukuba athwale film "wempi Potemkin" umlawuli eSoviet Sergeya Eyzenshteyna. le filimu yaba Classic, lwasekhaya nje kuphela kodwa cinema ihlabathi.

ngombhali

umlawuli ifilimu umbala yokuqala eRashiya Ikamva "wempi Potemkin" wazalwa ngo 1898 e Riga, unyana ka esidumileyo umakhi isixeko MO Eisenstein. Kulo mzi umlawuli elandelayo wafumana imfundo yamabanga aphantsi wayifumana kwisikolo ngokwenene. Ngomhla bayahlelwa ikamva ziyahlonelwa cinema yehlabathi ngokungathandabuzekiyo baphenjelelwe zokuzonwabisa ebuntwaneni ezifana nokuzoba iikhathuni caricatures, kwakunye nolwazi iziseko nokufota yobungcali. Waqhubekeka sele imfundo yakhe Sergey Eyzenshteyn kwi ikomkhulu loBukhosi Russian, akuba wafika ngo-1915 e-Petrograd Engineering Institute.

emva kwempi

Kuba art ngokubanzi kunye cinema ingakumbi, umlawuli elizayo ifilimu umbala yokuqala eRashiya "wempi Potemkin" Andize kwaoko. Phambi leyo inkonzo kwi Red Army kwi imiphambili kweMfazwe Civil, neehambo ezininzi zeli lizwe. Sergey Eyzenshteyn wayesele aqolileyo, wadala, ukuya kwixesha xa weza amanani kumabala emidlalo odumileyo Vsevolod Meyerhold kwiindibano umlawuli ephakamileyo kaThixo. Funda siziinkosi odumileyo kwakhe idityaniswe umsebenzi iseti yokuluka kwindawo yokubonela Proletkult. Ngaphandle kwesi sikolo, nkundla director ifilimu umbala yokuqala eRashiya ayikwazanga kutyhilwa yonke ubungakanani italente wakhe ongaqhelekileyo. Kwaye phambi kwakhe ke umsebenzi okhanyayo omnye wabaphathi ezininzi wayedume kwimbali cinema ehlabathini.

Ukususela yemidlalo ukuya cinema

Xa eko yokuqala ihlabathi nkundla kwanyanzeleka ukuba babuyele entsha, olungaziwayo eluntwini, ubugcisa cinema. Kunye Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ngubani nje iminyaka embalwa iza kwaziwa ehlabathini lonke njengoko Umlawuli ifilimu eRashiya umbala wokuqala "wempi Potemkin", ndaye phambili kolu revolution. Nje wafa phantsi zedabi kweMfazwe Civil kunye laseRashiya omtsha, phakathi kwezinye, waqala ukudala movie entsha. Sergey Eyzenshteyn phakathi abasunguli balo. Ukususela imisebenzi yokuqala, wenza isaziso sokuba yena abe abadala, akukho wumbi wizard. Eisenstein eyenzeka ndicinga imifanekiso ebonwayo ezichazayo unique, ukusebenza close-ups nee-engile engalindelekanga. Imiboniso bhanya bhanya ye lo mbhali baye akunakwenzeka ukuba xanisa nezinye iimpawu ufakelo esele yedwa, ukususela episode ukuya episode Utyhila nemiba nokukhula nophuhliso sebali.

Kumjikelo ka-bhanya malunga Russian Revolution

Xa nawuphi na umsebenzi wobugcisa kusoloko kukho into ethile randomness. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi into yokuba ngumlawuli ifilimu umbala yokuqala eRashiya "wempi Potemkin" ekuqaleni wayecebe ukususa into engekho ngokwenene into wamngenisa kuye udumo kwihlabathi kamva. Eisenstein wayeceba ukususa uthotho bhanya abazinikele iziganeko ezibalulekileyo Russian Revolution. Wayesenza ngemvume urhulumente waseSoviet yaye wayebunjwa zizabelo ezisixhenxe. Sele kususiwe kwaye wayibonisa ngempumelelo kwi zokubukela kweli lizwe omnye kwezahlulo umjikelo, "Shaya", xa umbhali abangaphezu kwama wacelwa ukuba bagxile kwiinzame zabo phezu iziganeko yokuqala Russian Revolution of 1905.

E Odessa,

Kuzo zonke iziganeko ovuthuzayo ye revolution yokuqala Russian, Eisenstein wakhetha omnye kuphela, ngokwembono yakhe, lo episode kakhulu umxhelo. UMlawuli ifilimu "wempi Potemkin" wayedubula ngayo esixekweni apho kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo iziganeko kwenzeka, wayethabathe script ngayo lo mboniso. Kwisixeko kwakukho abantu abaninzi ababengengabo amangqina nje ntoni ngaloo mihla, kodwa wathabatha ezijikeleze inxalenye ngqo. ngovuyo wasabela isimemo lombhali ukuba athathe inxaxheba imiboniso nobunzima ifilimu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba abemi Odessa yokudubula awukwazi phantsi. Abantu kaninzi oku bekwenza nabacebisi bakwazi ukuxelela kumlawuli ezininzi izigqibo ezichanekileyo isigcawu ezithile. Ezininzi iincwadi cinematic namhlanje iquke uhlolo oluneenkcukacha kwaye kungathi uhlalutyo kukwisakhelo imifanekiso edume ukudutyulwa abendlu ka yabantu ngabavukeli kwi kwizinyuko Potemkin.

Zidale kwi wempi

A lot of abadlali nezo zingaqeqeshwanga zobungcali ababandakanyekayo ndawo isihlwele enqanaweni eneenkani. Xa namhlanje kule mifanekiso ezindala, sinokukhuthazwa kuphela indlela ezi ukude kakhulu kwaye kule nkundla, kwaye cinematography ngabantu ngobuciko abanjalo wayeyiva isicwangciso, nto leyo efuna ukuthatha kwi kumlawuli screen. "Inqanawa Potemkin" iyodwa into yokuba indima abantu eneenkani abalisebenzisayo bengakuthandi yi resp, njengoko nxaxheba ngqo kwiziganeko olululo kunye War Civil. Kwaye akukho mntu wumbi kusenokuba bunamandla kule ndima. Lo mboniso Bhanya-uqhubeka ukuthingaza de isakhelo lokugqibela kwaye yenza novelwano noomatiloshe zikuvukela "wempi Potemkin", nabemi Odessa, ethetha inkxaso kwabo.

obomvu

Sergey Eyzenshteyn wangena ngembali cinema yehlabathi njengoko umbhali ifilimu umbala wokuqala. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ngelo xesha kwakukho nkqu isandi umboniso. A Ithekhinoloji umbala yemifanekiso kwinqanaba lophuhliso theoretical component. Yiloo nto mihle kangaka into wenza Eisenstein. Sokukhanyisa Visit ipowusta xa sele ufakelo isigaba umfanekiso - thatha ngesandla ulipeyinte kwi umboniso iflegi kwi wempi eneenkani. Akwenzeki ukuba phantsi ukubaluleka brilliant isenzo - brush intshukumo kunye ipeyinti ebomvu, awayenzayo nomlawuli. "Inqanawa Potemkin" - umbala film. I okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu. Akukhathaliseki ukuba kukho mnye kuphela umbala kwaye episode nye. Intlokoma ukusuka intshukumo enye brush yaba isikali ehlabathini lonke. Lo mboniso Bhanya-kubonwa nje kuphela eSoviet Union. "Inqanawa Potemkin" kwindawo breakneck eboniswe ngempumelelo kulo lonke ihlabathi kunye polls eliqela lwalusabiwa ithathwa njengenye imisebenzi liphambili cinema zehlabathi. umlawuli Soviet Sergey Eyzenshteyn emva eko azidalileyo ulwimi cinematic, nto leyo eya kuba kakhulu ezifunwayo eminyaka ezayo - esikhulayo isingqisho eyodwa lezakhelo zilandelelana, izicwangciso ezinkulu nokuchasanisa, engile ngesiquphe engalindelekanga endizixunayo. Namhlanje, kuyinto indlela yenkohlakalo ebizwa ngokuba "a efakelweyo" acinga ngayo. Yaye abaninzi kwabo ngenkuthalo uthi, nkqu umrhanelwa ukuba owasungula ezi ndlela namnye ngaphandle umbhali edume film "wempi Potemkin" Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn.