Ngubhishophu Russian Church Dimitriy Rostovsky: Biography kunye iinyaniso zobomi

Phakathi iitempile ezininzi Moscow Church Dimitriya Rostovskogo e Ochakovo ukuma ukuba yakhiwa yayimisele wokuwonga elaa saint yokuqala lamiselwa kwixesha Synodal, okt kule minyaka xa uPetros I Wabaphelisa ngubhishophu, yaye igunya elongamileyo lwabashumayeli yadluliselwa Sinodi oyiNgcwele. Umqambi Rostov igrama esikolweni, umkhonzi kaThixo, wehla embalini njengoko utitshala obalaseleyo.

Ubutsha le saint elizayo

Wazalwa Dimitriy Rostovsky ngoDisemba 1651, endaweni Makarovka kwilali encinane Ukrainian, kufuphi eKiev. Xa ubhaptizo engcwele wanikwa igama uDaniyeli. abazali enkwenkwe, ngaphandle imkhethela nawuphi wabanumzana okanye ubutyebi, amadoda ohlonelwayo ngenxa yenzondelelo yabo nobubele. Emva kokufumana imfundo ekhaya, lo mfana uya bazalwana School, wavula kwi Kyïv Church of the Epiphany. It isekhona namhlanje, kodwa sele similise a Theological Academy.

Nge isakhono esiqaqambileyo nonyamezelo, Daniyeli, impumelelo yabo kwizifundo zabo kungekudala wema ngaphandle isihlwele abafundi, yaye kakhulu yayiphawuleka ngootitshala. Noko ke, ubuqaqawuli omkhulu ngaloo minyaka wazuza ukuhlonela yakhe igqwesileyo nangokunzulu zonqulo. Noko ke, olu phando nempumelelo kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba ahambe.

Ukuqala indlela emishini

hierarch Future Dimitriy Rostovsky engekazani Ndingumfana elinesibhozo, xa ngethuba imfazwe wamagazi ne-Russia Zadneprovsky Cossacks lomnqophiso Poland bambamba okwethutyana Kiev kwaye ivaliwe Bazalwana School. Anqunyulwe nomcebisi wabo zintanda, uDaniyeli iyaqhubeka ngokuzimeleyo ukuqonda inzululwazi kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva, phantsi kwempembelelo uncwadi patristic, uthabathe izibhambathiso emishini kunye negama UDimitri. Kugqityiwe yi isiganeko ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe weemonki St. Cyril, nto leyo churchwarden ngexesha kayise abalupheleyo.

Kule isigodlo waqalisa indlela yakhe kukuzukiswa saint elizayo. Life of Dimitriya Rostovskogo, liqulunqe kwiminyaka emininzi emva olungenasiphelo basikelelwe, nguye kuphela iminyaka bakhe abaselula elivisayo yeentsika icawa Vasiliy Veliky, Gregory i wezakwalizwi kunye Ioann Zlatoust. Ukuqala zobuqhawe bakhe ngokomoya kufanele kuphawulwe eKiev Metropolitan uYosefu, yaye kungekudala seal mfana waba umdikoni kunye neminyaka emithandathu emva kokuba wangumfundisi celibate.

Ukulwa imbuka Latin

Ukususela ngelo xesha, saint elizayo Dimitriy Rostovsky waqalisa ukushumayela yakhe yosisi, eyayithunyelwe kwi uBhishophu Chernigov Lazar (Baranovych). Yaba intobelo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye uxanduva, njengokuba ngaloo mihla eyomeleziweyo kakhulu impembelelo abashumayeli Latin owayezama zabatyhafisa abantu kwimfundiso lokwenyaniso. Ukugcina iingxoxo nokhuphiswano kunye babedinga umbingeleli ehlokomayo ufundile ngokupheleleyo. Kuyinto umviwa onjalo yaye wazuza uTutu ebusweni wobubingeleli oselula.

Kule intsimi Dimitriy Rostovsky basebenza kunye bezakwalizwi amaninzi abaziwayo xesha, kuzale ulwazi ebhokisini kukungabi nalwazi yabo, ekubeni iimeko wamalela ukuba ukugqiba esikolweni, bazalwana. Iminyaka emibini waba ngumshumayeli kwiSebe Chernigov, yaye lonke eli xesha ayikho amazwi ezilumko Orthodox kuphela, eya ebandleni, kodwa ngumzekelo wokuphila lobuthixo.

Saint Dimitriy Rostovsky - umshumayeli obalaseleyo

Enegama umshumayeli ingaqhelekanga kulo Little Russia naseLithuania. Uninzi woonongendi wamcela ukuba eze kubo, wathi kumzalwana wakhe, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, phambi kwizihlwele zabanquli eziyimfuneko ukuze onke amazwi Iimfundiso eNgcwele, intliziyo luyaxengaxenga kukholo lokwenyaniso. Njengoko uBomi Dimitriya Rostovskogo, kweli xesha, yenza kakhulu zohambo, ukutyelela monastery ezahlukeneyo.

Ngeli xesha, udumo lwakhe njengomshumayeli efikelele yobuninzi ukuba vitiyu odumileyo gqolo safuna nje kuphela abbots of yoonongendi of Kiev kunye Chernigov, kodwa ngokobuqu Samoylovich hetman ka Little Russia, uyimema ukuba yakhe yokuhlala endaweni rhoqo Baturin eNtshumayeli, isithembisa ezininzi izibonelelo eziphathekayo.

Ixesha kwenkonzo kwi yoonongendi and Slutsk Baturina

Kwisithuba sonyaka yokuhlala wakhe uba Slutsk yoTshintsho Monastery, apho umshumayeli odumileyo umema Bishop uTheodosius. Apha, eshumayela iLizwi likaThixo, yaye ebhadula ujikeleze ebumelwaneni, eSt Dimitriy Rostovsky uqala ukuzama bezimpi entsimini entsha kuye - uncwadi. Monument yaloo maxesha isiqhamo umsebenzi wakhe - inkcazelo imimangaliso uEliya icon "ngoboya yokunkcenkceshela".

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ukuthobela emishini efunekayo ukuba abuyele umphathi yakhe Kirillov woonongendi, kodwa kwakungekho nto. Xa ukulungele ukuhamba wokungenisa kophahla Slutskaya eMonastri, Kiev nabo bonke Ukraine Zadneprovskaya phantsi Usongo lokuhlasela Turkish, kwaye nendawo kuphela ekhuselekileyo noko Buchanan wahlala apho kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye Dimitriy Rostovsky.

Ukunakanwa kwaye inikeza abbacy

Getman Samoylovich yena weza evela ngabefundisi, ngoko ke into imfudumalo ekhethekileyo novelwano ngayo undwendwe lwakhe. Uphakamise Hieromonk kaDemetriyo ukuhlala kufuphi Baturin kwi-St Nicholas Monastery, ngelo xesha ekhokelwa ezaziwayo-kakuhle owayesakuba Scientist-wezakwalizwi uTheodosius Gurevich. Unxibelelwano mntu natyetyiswa Dimitriya Rostovskogo ulwazi olutsha, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba kuliwe qhekeko Latin.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa ingozi imfazwe sele udlule, saint elizayo bamanyana ukufumana kwakhona imiyalezo evela yoonongendi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngoku ukuba unikeza abbacy, okt nkongomiso nezigodlo ezingcwele. imbeko enjalo wabonisa igunya lakhe elongamileyo phakathi abefundisi. Emva kokuthandabuza, ikamva Metropolitan Dimitriy Rostovsky wavuma ukukhokela Maksakovskii wahlala, ayikho kude kuwo umzi Borzna.

Umsebenzi lwenzululwazi saint elizayo

Kodwa elide igumenstvovat kwakhe akuzange ukuba. Sele kunyaka ozayo hetman Samoylovich, angafuni ukuba ahlukane ixesha elide umshumayeli ozithandayo, ukuze afumane kuba kuye isikhundla Baturin woonongendi, apho nje ukwenza igumbi kwangaphambili. Ekufikeni kwabo yokuhlala ekujoliswe zayo, kunjalo UDimitri wala isithembiso isithuba Abbot nikusingele phantsi konke ngokwabo umsebenzi zenzululwazi.

Ngeli xesha kwakukho isiganeko ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe. Umphathi esanda amisiweyo Pechersk Lavra, Archimandrite Varlaam wamcela ukuba ahambe naye, phantsi abaluqilima woonongendi of Kiev, yaye siqhubeke nomsebenzi zenzululwazi. Ngokwamkela isindululo umphathi, eSt Dimitriy Rostovsky wayichola ishishini iphambili ebomini bakhe - kuqulunqo wemiphefumlo yabenceba lamiselwa yiCawa Universal. Ngu lo msebenzi ebewenza engamashumi amabini, ukuba unikele inkonzo elingathethekiyo kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya.

Kwinguqu esa Metropolitan of eMoscow

Xa ngo-1686 UDemetriyo wasebenza encwadini wesine wemiphefumlo yabenceba, kwakukho isiganeko ebalulekileyo kubomi Church Orthodox: sixeko Kiev, ngaphambili ilawulwe ubhishophu omkhulu waseConstantinople, bafudukela kokungeniswa eMoscow. Ukususela ngoko, uphando lwenzululwazi St. uDemetriyo ziphantsi kolawulo uMphathi Adrian. Ukugqala imisebenzi sisazinzulu, yena liziphakamisa kwakhe ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla archimandrite kunye umphathi limisela kuqala Eletski kwingcinga Monastery, uze yoTshintsho e Novgorod-Siverskoe.

Ngowe-1700, Tsar Peter mna, kubhangise ngubhishophu emva kokufa nezo zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, lo mthetho umisela Archimandrite UDemetrios ukuba isitulo esingenamntu ka Tobolsk. Kulo mba, waye nyaka yaphakanyiswa isikhundla sokuba ngubhishophu. Kodwa impilo abazange bamvumele ukuba aye elunxwemeni sezulu esibandayo ezisemantla, yaye kamva ngonyaka * uKhesare lichazwa oko Rostov metropolitan.

Rostov isebe lemfundo kunye nokhathalelo abantu

Lonke Ixesha bokuhlala kwabo kweli sebe, Metropolitan UDimitri besoma wanyamekela kwimfundo labemi, wakhokela ukulwa butywala, nalwazi kunye neenkolelo emnyama. inzondelelo Special wabonisa kwi ngokuphelisa Amakholwa eNdala Latin qhekeko. Apha ke yasekwa isikolo Slavic-Greek, leyo, ndawonye njengesiqhelo elo xesha, kwizifundo ezifundiswa kunye neelwimi yamandulo - Latin nangesiRoma.

Care ubomi emhlabeni Ukumiselwa

Makabongwe ekupheleni ongcwele weza Oktobha 28, 1709. Ngokwentando yakhe yokugqibela, waza wangcwatywa Emnye Cathedral of woonongendi le Yakovlev. Noko ke, kuchasene umyalelo Monastery Bureau, kwiplanga sasimi endaweni crypt ngamatye. Le ukunxaxha iimfuno yaba neziphumo ezininzi okungalindelekanga kwixesha elizayo. Ngowe-1752 amangcwaba ukungcitywa zabanjwa, kwaye kumgangatho ethe ngamaplanga yayonakele ngengozi. Xa Sivulile ke, asifumananga ngaphakathi ibhokisi kunye ezingcwele oye wahlala incorrupt yonke le minyaka idlulileyo.

Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ekuqaleni kukuzukiswa inkqubo ubuso oyingcwele Metropolitan UDemetrios. Le Ukumiselwa esemthethweni luye lwenzeka ngowe-1757. Izinto ezingcwele Dimitriya Rostovskogo yaba yinto ukunqula inani elikhulu zabanquli ababeze Rostov kulo lonke eRashiya. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, amatyala amakhulu eziliqela yokuphilisa elinikwe yi imithandazo engcwabeni lakhe sele ibhalisiwe. Ngokutsho izithethe zecawa, ihlanganiswa akathist Dimitriyu Rostovskomu njengoko saint esanda bamzukisa uThixo.

Temple Dimitriya Rostovskogo - ilitye lesikhumbuzo ongcwele kaThixo

Ngaloo mini ziziphumo izinto ezingcwele saint, nge-21 Septemba kwaye ngemini, anibuyekeze osikelelekileyo, Oktobha 28, kubhiyozelwa kwinkumbulo yakhe. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII yobomi bakhe, elisuke laba umzekelo inkonzo yeCawa ukuba wabhalwa izizukulwana ezininzi ziimonki kunye beNkosi. Kule mihla, enye ezikhumbuzo ongcwele uThixo onjalo siyamkhathaza semvume eRashiya, ukholo eyinyaniso, Church Dimitriya Rostovskogo e Ochakovo.