I-Red Book of Karelia: izityalo, izilwanyana, nomngundo, intlanzi

slogans Banal ubizo ukukhusela indalo, kutshanje fumene intsingiselo eyiyo. imisebenzi yabantu emhlabeni ebisebenza kakhulu: umoya tyhefu ngamashishini kunye neegesi zeemoto-mafutha, amanzi angcolisekileyo, izilwanyana ezininzi, intlanzi, iintaka kunye nezityalo ziphantsi kwesoyikiso yokutshabalala. Ngoko ke abantu banyanzeleka ukuba babhenele ulawulo lomthetho, ukudala izintlu ezahlukeneyo, wabulela, akayi kuvunyelwa ukuba atshabalalise ujongo yendalo. Loo uluhlu ncwadi ebomvu.

Yintoni Incwadi Red?

Ingcamango ngokudala le ncwadi wabonakala ngo-1948. Yaye yasekwa kwi nyathelo loluntu ingcali yenzululwazi, eyaqala ukuya kwi-alam ngenxa amatyala ukwanda wokubhanga kwemiphakathi eziphilayo. Conservation Union wavula uluhlu kanti wathumela iinkokheli ithi zehlabathi. Ukuba kutheni bekhethe bomvu? Enyanisweni, yonke into ilula: yinto umthunzi yingozi, yaye kwangaxeshanye, umbala yobomi. Ngoko ke, i iNcwadi Red yenzelwe ukutsala ingqalelo kuluntu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ibomvu ngokupheleleyo: iqulethe amaphepha ezinye imibala:

1. Black. Amaphepha ezininzi ezibuhlungu umbala ukuzila. Abo izilwanyana okanye izityalo ebhalwe kuzo, zange umiselwe ukuze ubone. Oku - zonke izinto eziphilayo.
2. Green. Ezi makhishithi kakhulu buhle, ukuba ibekwe yezityalo ikwazile ukuvuselela nokugcina.
3. Olubomvu. Iphepha le umbala ibonisa iintlobo ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela.
4. White. Nazi iindlela ezinqabileyo enezityalo nezilwanyana.
5. Grey. Ngokwaneleyo wafunda uhlobo oluqokelelwe kumaphepha hina.
6. Yellow. Umbala itsala ingqalelo abantu nokwehla ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza uluhlu esizwe kunye nawezizwe ngezizwe, kukho kwakhona yengingqi. Ngayo ukuba izinto ezinjalo Red Book of Karelia.

Karelia: i izilwanyana ezisengozini

Nature of the Republic of Karelia ngeendlela ezininzi ezizodwa ebabulala. ubutyebi olunjalo kufuneka nje ukuba phantsi ekukhuseleni kurhulumente, ngoko ke, oosonzululwazi baye inkupho enkulu njengoko The Red Book of Karelia. Izilwanyana, izityalo, intlanzi kunye neenkukhu, nto leyo kumaphepha ayo, befuna ukwenzelwa ukunyanyekelwa ngumntu. Le ncwadi luncedo ukuba iprintwe kathathu. Yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1985. Uye wangena iintlobo 160 kwezityalo ezinemigca, iintlobo-30 izinambuzane kunye eziziivethebreyithi, kwakunye neentlobo 22 zomngundo ezahlukeneyo. Kuhlelo yesibini ngo-1995 kwandiswa inkcazelo engakumbi. I-Red Book of Karelia yayiquka izikhundla 390, izityalo ezinyuliweyo, phakathi kwabo ubulembu, umngundo kunye ulele. Kwakhona kwakukho izinambuzane, izilwanyana, iintaka, ezincancisayo eziphila: zonke-365 iintlobo. I kunazo olunzulu yaba ushicilelo lwesithathu, epapashwe yonke imithetho ekwenzeni ezo zintlu ngo-2008.

plants Karelia

edition kubaluleke kakhulu, ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliswa zizazinzulu yobulali kwi ngingqi, waye Red Book of Karelia. Izityalo eziye bahlala phezu kumaphepha ayo, ngaba ngokwenene abafuna ukwenzelwa ukhuseleko kumgangatho karhulumente kulo. It iifeni (asplenium, moonwort, Dryopteris), orchid (Slipper nenekazi, nadbornik itshazile, iintlobo ezimbini Morio), iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo ezingamayeza. Kwakhona ingazange ikhutshwe ingqalelo kunye neentlobo ezokuhombisa ezifana Arabis kunye tsirtsebita Alpine, Aster eSiberia kunye vetrenichka buttercup. izityalo Bog, kakhulu, zifakiwe kolu luhlu, umzekelo, Drosera intermedia kunye Kowloon. Iintlobo imithana kunye nemithi nganeno ngaseludinini wokutshabalala, kubhalwe amaphepha ale ncwadi: ezinde Karelian, uHazel, cotoneaster.

Kwezinye izityalo, oko kukuxelela bebodwa. Ngelishwa, abantu babe into baqala ukuncipha iphetshana elinoncedo Wort St John kaThixo. Le imifuno yamkelwa inkolo kunye namayeza emveli. It has iimpawu luncedo ilandelayo: iintlungu kakhulu, nokuphelisa ziba igazi abuyisele ilahleko, apholise amanxeba, iithowuni kunye ehlaziya. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo ukuba baphathwe izifo zesisu, isibindi nezintso. Kwakhona, nokufakwa Wort St. kaYohane kusetyenziswa xa ekhohlela kwaye rheumatism. Kodwa simele silumke, njengoko iindiza aphezulu isityalo esinetyhefu, ngoko phambi kokuba usebenzise kuyafuneka ukuba udibane nogqirha.

Kuyinto Isiqwenga encinane ubutyebi, ebandakanya Red Book of Karelia. Izityalo, ezifana Rhodiola rosea, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ingcambu segolide, ngempela ubunzima yabo negolide. Ukuba isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, i-Rhodiola kuba nempembelelo kuyingenelo kwi yonke eziphilayo. Ngakumbi kakuhle ichaphazela amandla abantu ngokwasengqondweni, inkumbulo yakhe. Kwakukho antihistamines neempawu anti-pyretic yale sityalo.

Ukongeza ongezityalo ezingamayeza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba orchid ezinqabileyo, ethanda iindawo ezimanzi kunye ezimnyama - Slipper kipridin. Njengokuba iye yabizwa: nenekazi, Marina okanye Kukushkin Slipper, bogoroditsin ukuqalelisa ngokungafanelekanga, moccasins (eMelika), Slipper nenekazi (eNgilani). In Karelia likhula kuphela kwi- Reserve Kivach. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba esezansi le orchid phantse inyanga.

Ukhuseleko fungal stock

Yintoni enye olinda Red Book of Karelia? Uyawathanda, abakulo lizwe eentlobo abamalunga ne-100, kufuneka ukhuselo. Ngokomzekelo, xa uluhlu onesingqi zokuzikhusela osinovik emhlophe. Le mushroom enokutyiwa njengokuntshula iipaki zesizwe kunye isigidi Karelia. Fruits osinovik kunokuba ngonyaka.

mushroom Bright purple ekuthiwa Clitocybe Nuda nayo ayinakutyiwa. Uyakuthanda ufumba yeentsasa neendiza imfumba. Ngundo mikhulu yaye ukuya ku 20 cap ojikeleyo.

Uhlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu - mushroom Polish. Le ubuhle edliwayo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba oko kugunyaziswe ukuqokelela. Ukhula kuphela Kivach Reserve.

Olunye uhlobo mushroom - violaceus Cortinarius. Gourmets bakugqala atyiwe. Kuyinto kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye abantu wamnika igama "pribolotnik".

Owokugqibela ngaye sikhumbula kule íOpus, ukuba amakhowa ngobubi Smorchkova cap. Igama ichanekile kakhulu: ngundo efana ngokwenene intsapho Smorchkova.

Bird luthoba phantsi ivoti

Ngelishwa, abazizityebi nezohlukeneyo Red Book of Karelia. Iintaka, Kakade ke, ubomi kumaphepha ayo. Icula, nefubesi gray, ezinye iintlobo weentaka, bluetail ebomvu-ephahlwe kwaye curlew zibandakanyiwe nje kuphela kwiNcwadi ezothusayo Karelia, kodwa kwizintlu zikazwelonke, kwaye ehlabathini.

Phawundi sandpiper, curlew ekuthiwa, yeyona inkulu phakathi izilwanyana eRashiya. Oko azakubalulwa umlomo egosogoso elide. Entwasahlobo ka iingoma zakhe ngekhwelo zisasazwa kude ngokwaneleyo.

Kwakhona kwi-Red Book of Karelia wangena nengcwangube enkulu enkulu gray. Umda amaphiko ayo kweemitha kunye nesiqingatha esinye kunye ubunzima - ukuya kwekilogram. Le ntaka edidekile ngamanye amaxesha kunye isikhova, kodwa indlela yabo yokuphila ezahlukeneyo: isikhova - kwentaka ubusuku, lo gama i-isikhova iphaphamile ngexesha lasemini. ubukhulu Abemi kuyahlukana nedlela ngobuninzi namabuzi. Bird wangena kuludwe yokhuseleko eziliqela.

Capercaillie - elihle, intaka iyingangamsha. Nguye kuphela ngokupheleleyo ngokugqibeleleyo lungqanyaniswe nemozulu ezisemantla, ingakumbi ebusika. icula Male kwahlukile ubungakanani elikhulu ngokwenene, ubunzima bayo ifikelela 6.5 kg. Isiqingatha obhinqileyo okanye ukukhanya ngaphantsi ezahlukeneyo buboya. Le ummeli inkukhu ebusika utya izixhobo nompleyini neenaliti nemipleyini, ehlotyeni nga nokutya malovane. Xa ibhabha, le capercaillie kakhulu angenzi. Le nyama yale ingxilimbela kuluncedo kakhulu, ngoko abanye abazingeli kutshabalalisa iinkukhu ngomlinganiselo. Kungenxa yoko le nto Red Book of Karelia othe abameli ezinjalo iintaka lamabutho ezifana icula.

fish Karelian

Amadama of Karelia enabantu abaninzi abemi, kodwa iintlobo 28 iintlanzi asengozini. kudingeka nje Red Book of Karelia amaqela efanayo yabemi imilambo namachibi. fish Iintsapho ezifana Salmonidae, Intlanzi, whitefish, zeCARP, catfish, loaches idweliswe ukhuselo enyanzelekileyo. umfanekiso wabo mass nemiphumela emibi: yayisecicini lokutshabalala baba Intlanzi, Intlanzi, ichibi salmon, nesalmon emhlophe, whitefish, tench, saber iintlanzi, loach spined kunye catfish. Ezi iintlobo ezixabisekileyo intlanzi lisenokutshabalala ngonaphakade ukusuka amadama ka Karelia, ukuba zange zitshitshiswe ngexesha phantsi kukhuselo karhulumente.

jikelele silwane

izilwanyana ezininzi Red Book of Karelia. Izilwanyana kule ngingqi makwazeke kuni nonke bhanya kunye bhanya feature, kodwa ukuba anithanga uyeke ukudubula yabo, engayenzanga yabantu kukhokelela ekubeni impilo yabo. Umzekelo, northern ehlathini deer. Oku iimpondo amahle isilwanyana abe nobudala. Ukanti ke yaziwa ngokuba ngelo intliziyo ithambo yexhama apho, injongo ayaziwa kude kube ngoku. Ezi mbuya endle bahlala imihlambi abantu ukuya ku-15. Ubusika unakho abasuka kumaqela deer 100. Beautiful ungulates ezihlala ukuya kwiminyaka-25 ubudala, ungathanda ukuba bahlale kwi imigxobhozo, amahlathi kunye inkunkuma moss, nemiqolomba umlambo. Okwangoku, uluntu ohlala iipaki amabini esizwe kunye Kostomuksha Nature Reserve.

Ngomhla kummandla Karelia zolondolozo kunye neepaki umiwe lilungu ophilileyo kuphela sodidi 'amadla "yaguqulelwa njengoko igama Gulo - wolverine. I-Red Book of Karelia Republic ayikwazanga kuchuma enemibala emininzi kangaka, kodwa ngelishwa ezisengozini umlinganiswa. Le isilwanyana omnye ngenyameko kwaye womelele. Ubunono isilwanyana elikhulu ufana nembila enkulu okanye ibhere. It has a, ngoboya obukhulu, neenzipho ezibukhali namazinyo ezinamandla. isilwanyana ukukhathaza ukuya ku-18 eekhilogram. Ukuba endaweni esitheleyo okanye phantsi iingcambu zomthi ifunyenwe isikhundla, unokuqiniseka apho kuphila wolverine.

The Book Red - ayikho nje uluhlu yokhuseleko. Esi sisikhumbuzo eluntwini, zingaphi izilwanyana ezintle, iintaka kunye neentlanzi awabasondezayo ukuba kuthi ngokwemvelo. ubudenge Unpardonable kunye ukuchitha kuwo onke bephelelwa. Ngapha koko, ikhonkco nganye kwindalo bunenjongo. Wolverine, umzekelo, ngenxa zezitya zabo idlala indima iplanga medics, esidla nenkqo.

Enye mmi emahlathini Karelian - lynx. Yintoni na le kati inkulu, bazi phantse yonke into, kodwa kwakhe bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. izilo ezinkulu ubukeka ithanda woods yayigcwele mnyama, udada ezinkulu kwaye ukhwela imithi. Ukuba ukutya akwanelanga, lo ingqawa nga siqalise uhambo olude, ngale ndlela bafika eKamchatka. Le Amaqhinga uhlaselo yena ngobuqhokolo-abakhulelweyo, kodwa akufani njengoko uninzi lwabantu baqhele yokucinga: oko ababulale, ukutsiba kwi ixhoba emthini. Ebusika, xa ikhephu linzulu kakhulu, ingqawa inokude beat njengexhamakazi ebomvu. Iminyaka emininzi kwakukholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba atshabalalise lynx njengoko eyingozi nomzingeli (kunye noboya wenkomo ixabiso elikhulu), kodwa emva komzuzwana kwenzeka ukuba isilwanyana idlala indima enkulu kwi biocenosis, ngoko ukukhusela ingqawa, urhulumente kufuneka nje.

Ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, i-Red Book of Karelia okunalo yayo kumaphepha multi-bala zezilo ezifana kunqabile unomatse eziphaphazelayo, impungutye, ibhere elimdaka, ermine, nembila, weasel, marten kunye na- maxhama.

Yintoni na ixabiso uluhlu yokhuseleko?

The Book Red - luxwebhu lwe ngokubaluleka zesizwe. Kodwa wayelumkisa kuphela abantu malunga neentlobo ukuba shwaka. Inyathelo elilandelayo ukhuseleko ekudalweni iipaki zesizwe kunye neendawo. Kuyinto la manyathelo aye anceda ukusindisa ekutshabalaleni iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukwenza iingcwele: iindawo ezikhuselweyo ukususa iintlobo ezithile zezilo okanye nohlaza. Ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo kwanceda ukunciphisa into anthropogenic, nzulu ukusongela nohlobo lomhlaba.