Njani na indlela yokutsha

Goren wabiza asabela igcwala leyo eyenzeka ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo sikhatshwa ubushushu izixa ezikhulu kwaye, njengoko umthetho, ukukhanya eqaqambileyo, esiyibiza ilangatye. Inkqubo yokutsha uhlola chemistry emzimbeni, apho ukutshiswa samkelwe kuzo zonke iinkqubo exothermic ukuba yokusabela self-uqhu-. Ezo self-lunikezelo inokuba ngenxa yokonyuka lobushushu (t. E. Yiba injini ubushushu), okanye ukuqokelelana amasuntswana asebenzayo (ukuba uhlobo kwe-).

Ukutshiswa abasabela ngayo luphawu olubonakalayo - ubukho mmandla lobushushu eliphezulu (idangatye), nendawo kukhawulelwe nalapho uninzi ukuguqulwa kwenzeka ukuqala ngezixhobo (amafutha) kwi imveliso komlilo. Le nkqubo ihamba kwakhululwa isixa esikhulu amandla thermal. Ukuqalisa indlela (nelangatye inkangeleko) kufuneka ukuba ukusebenzisa isixa esithile yamandla kwi ucinezelo, ngoko le nkqubo iya izenzekele. ngesantya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu eekhemikhali izinto ezibandakanyeka indlela, kwakunye neenkqubo eziguquguqukayo gas ngexesha komlilo. Ukutshiswa asabela uneempawu ezithile, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo - kunye nexabiso calorific lo mxube ubushushu (ebizwa ngokuba adiabatic), leyo kuthiwa lufikelelwe kunye yokutsha epheleleyo ngaphandle ubushushu.

Xa karhulumente aggregate oxidizer kunye nenkqubo yokutsha kwamafutha linokukwenziwa ukuya kwenye kweentlobo ezintathu. Ukutshiswa reaction ingaba:

- eyohlobo olulodwa xa amafutha kunye oxidizer (pre-mixed) afumaneka zikarhulumente sukube,

- owahlukeneyo, apho amafutha eqinileyo okanye ulwelo idityaniswe le gesi oxidant,

- indlela ukutshiswa kwazo kunye neziqhushumbisi.

omlilo eyohlobo yeyona ilula, abe ngesantya esingaguqukiyo, ngokuxhomekeke ubume ezinto nobushushu Uhanjiso ngokwendiselana, lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo.

omlilo owahlukeneyo ixhaphake kakhulu kwindalo, ngokunjalo vitro. ngesantya kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zenkqubo yokutsha kunye ubunjalo bomzimba izithako. Xa yesibaso solwelo ukuya isantya yokutsha echatshazelwa kakhulu izinga komphunga, oluqinileyo - gasification rate. Umzekelo, inkqubo eyenza izigaba ezibini ngexesha amalahle omlilo. Xa kuqala kubo (kwimeko ethile zokufudumeza ethe olucothayo) abelwe volatiles iziyobisi (amalahle), ukuya kurhawula coke yesibini.

gas yokutsha (umz, methane yokutsha) eyahlukileyo. Le medium sukube nga basasaze idangatye kumgama othe enkulu. Kunokuba ufuduke igesi ngesantya subsonic, kunye impahla hayi kuphela medium sukube, kodwa umxube ulwelo ocolekileyo amasuntswana eqinileyo ukutsha, ugalelwe ioli engqushiweyo oxidant. Ukuqinisekisa omlilo zozinzo Kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuna uyilo ekhethekileyo isixhobo eziko.

Imiphumela leyo ibangelwa yokutsha kwi sukube medium, eziphuma iintlobo ezimbini. Okokuqala - ubanga e sokuqukuqela serhasi, kukhokelela ekwandeni elibukhali kwinkqubo isantya. Asakhulayo kunye ukuphazamiseka ive kunokubangela ukuhamba ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo - ukuvela okubulala ekhokelela detonation lo mxube. Emini detonation yokutsha inyathelo kuxhomekeke kuphela kwiipropati yayo igesi kodwa kwakhona ukusuka kwinkqubo kunye parameters andise ubukhulu.

Ukutshiswa zamafutha asetyenziswe ubugcisa kunye noshishino. Eyona njongo iphambili apha kukuba ukuphumeza ukusebenza yokutsha ubuninzi (okt. E. Ukwandisa ubushushu) ukuba lokuphumla kwangaphambili. Isetyenziswa ngokutshiswa, umzekelo, kushishino lwezimbiwa - uphuhliso iindlela ezahlukeneyo yezimbiwa ezisekelwe ukusetyenziswa inkqubo amafutha. Kodwa kwiimeko ezithile zendalo kunye zejoloji ziyenzeka yokutsha kungaba umthelela, ephethe yingozi enkulu. Ingozi enkulu, umzekelo, yinkqubo umlilo okhawulezileyo ye umgquba, nto leyo ekhokelela inkangeleko yemililo iqala.