Ocean southern

Yintoni ulwandle? Ocean - amanzi ehlabathini iqokobhe yoMhlaba, esijikeleze amazwekazi kunye iziqithi. Ngaphezu asixhenxe ekhulwini (ukuba ngqo, 71%) yoMhlaba komhlaba ehlanganiswa neelwandle. Yintoni ulwandle? Amazwekazi neziqithi amakhulu elwandle zahlulwe ngamalungu amahlanu. Kwiimephu ekuveliseni Russian Federation, wena kakhulu baya kufumana kwi Southern Ocean. Noko ke, ngo-2000, i-International lokuhlola amanzi Union yamkela isigqibo kwisahlulo isithuba lwamanzi lwehlabathi kwi iilwandle ezintlanu. Kakhulu emhlabeni wePasifiki, amaNdiya, Atlantic kunye Arctic wongezelela Southern Ocean. Kutheni na ukuba zongezwe kolu luhlu? Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umda esemazantsi Atlantic, i-Pacific and Oceans Indian baxomoloza eqhelekileyo, amanzi, kufutshane Antarctica, kufuneka iipropati ezithile. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba isigqibo International lokuhlola amanzi Union akuphelekwanga ngokusemthethweni.

Southern Ocean kwaye i umda osemantla, egqalwa lommandla Antarctic Ukuhlangabezana (izowuni ukuhlangabezana imisinga kumphezulu). Ezinye Abafoti, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba umda ebonakalayo ye-Southern Ocean kancinane ukuya emantla, ezizezi arc ukusuka osemazantsi Tierra del Fuego eMzantsi Afrika. indawo yayo ngaphezu kwezigidi 76 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, ubunzulu inkulu elilinganisiweyo of the South Sandwich Trench imalunga 8428 eemitha.

Eyokuqala wachaza Southern Ocean ngo 1650. ngokuma Dutch B. Varenius. Kamva, kwinkulungwane ye-18, oko waqalisa ukufunda mmandla.

Ngowe-1845, i-London Royal Society Geographical okunikelwa kwisithuba yonke, leyo lelona isangqa kumazantsi ezibandayo kanye kudlulela kwilizwekazi Antarctic, ebizwa i-Southern Arctic Ocean. Southern Ocean kumaxwebhu ye-International lokuhlola amanzi Organization eyedwa ngo-1937 kwi-Pacific, Atlantic namaNdiya, Noko ke, kamva ukuba uyekwe.

Ukusuka kwimbali ukufundisisa Southern Ocean kwaziwa ukuba nqanawa yokuqala, awela ngo-1559 kwisangqa olusemazantsi elimhlophe, yaba inqanawa Dutch phantsi ngokomyalelo Dirk Geerittsa, ilungu butho kaYakobi Magyu. D. Geerittsa yenqanawa iStrait of Magellan emva isaqhwithi esiqatha ezilahlekileyo emehlweni butho, waza waya ngasemzantsi. Siyeka ukuba malunga nama-64 ° ekwizibanzi wasezantsi, umyalelo ndabona phantsi phezulu.

Ngowe-1772, unyaka we-Great Britain sanduluka kwi kwiphulo layo elwandle intombi kwi ikhweyitha emazantsi umkhenkethi odumileyo D. Cook, kwaye ekuqaleni konyaka 1773rd, iinqanawa bakhe ababini ifikelele isangqa olusemazantsi ezibandayo. Noko ke, emva kokuba idabi lithemba kunye ngumkhenkce, babuya umva. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva Cook kwakhona waya Southern Ocean, kunye December 8, 1773 ukubetha ngasezantsi Arctic Circle, kodwa sikhephe ice zatort. Noko ke, nikhululwe ke kuso ice ekuthinjweni, waya phambili ngasezantsi. Kodwa kwakhona wamiswa nodonga kumane ngumkhenkce, nto leyo akavumelekanga ukuya phambili. Kulo mkhankaso yesibini kwi-South Pole Cook kabini sawela Antarctic Circle, wayeqinisekile ukuba inani enkulu kwazo ibonisa ukuba ininzi into efuna njengezwekazi ebalulekileyo Antarctic. adventures Polar elwandle hambo ngokucace kangaka yaye ngokucacileyo kuchazwe ukuba ngaphezu nabani na, ngaphandle sperm lithemba, ixesha elide akabanga nabuganga ukuya kuloo mimandla kwaye kuzihlola.

NgoJuni 1819 abahloli Russian Bellingshausen kunye uMikhail various waya sloops ezimbini ukulwa Kronstadt ekuyeni Southern Ocean. Zihambile ngaphaya ngasezantsi Arctic Circle, wegqitha waya phezu ngasempumalanga, ngoJanuwari 1821 wafumanisa iziqithi Peter I, yaye kamva ngoJanuwari ka-1820 - Earth Alexander I. Le hambo umthetho yi Bellingshausen wenza iseyile lokuqala ngokupheleleyo amancinci losuka iinkundla ngeenxa Antarctica, vula ngexesha le hambo lwenzululwazi zaselwandle.