Njengoko umfundisi Canada wasungula yomnyazi

Ngokungafaniyo ezinjalo iinkalo iqela ethandwayo efana nebhola ekhatywayo, ihoki kunye baseball, zaphuma ngokuthe ngcembe, ngaske unetyala inkangeleko yayo Umsunguli fancy ngazodwa. wazalwa ngenxa kuYakobi Naismith, utitshala imfundo emzimbeni North American Lo mdlalo. Kakade ke, namhlanje imithetho original ndiske iguqulwe ngcono, asinda kuphela imigaqo eziphambili emdlalweni. Noko ke, ukuba wasinda imithetho yokuqala 13, yashicilelwa kwiphepha ezimbini ngomshini. Lifikile ixesha lokuhlolisisa kwimbali umdlalo othandwayo.

sasebusika ezinzima North America

Dzheyms Neysmit wasebenza njengomfundisi-physical education e Springfield kwisikolo yoqeqesho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabafundi yayo ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu abahluphekileyo baye kwanyanzeleka ukuba aqeqeshe hayi esitratweni, kunye ejimini. iqela bakhe umsebenzi kakhulu, kwaye umthambo obungabangeli mdla kwi holo imbobo ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba iimeko modified zokubeka ekhatywayo ayikwazanga ukugcina meko. Ngaloo nyaka, kwidolophu Springfield (Massachusetts), wayifulela ikhephu sele ekwindla mvanje. Ezitalatweni alatyuzayo Blizzard ukuba ucatshukiswa wonke umntu: abafundi abaziinjubaqa, kunye neendawo abaqashi.

Kwiiveki ezimbini ukuze kokusungulwa

hero yethu, nangona ebutsheni bakhe, ngomnyaka wesibini umsebenzi wokufundisa, sasisaziwa ngokuba ngumsunguli. Akumangalisi ke ukuba siphathiswe fyabo komdlalo, nto leyo eya ukufunxa amandla bangakuvuyeli abafundi ngexesha kwiinyanga zasebusika. Zonke iiveki ezimbini kuphela wanikwa ngawo onke.

ezintathu ezisisiseko

Ekuqaleni, lweenkobe eneminyaka engama-31 ubudala of Canada wafundela kumava amanye nemidlalo yamaqela, ukuba kuzo alinyulele kuphela ebaluleke kakhulu. Xa Ngenxa ngcungela baba ekhatywayo, baseball, hockey, umbhoxo kunye lacrosse. iibhola zemidlalo kufuneka kunokwenzakalisa abadlali (kusafuneka ukuba bafumane ulwazi), ukulwela phakathi azinakuze kufuneka zigcinwe ubuncinane (fastest iqabane transmission), kwakunye nokubekwa khonkcweni phezulu iimbaleki: Ngoko ke kususelwe iimfuno ezintathu eziphambili ukulungiselela umdlalo omtsha.

"Duck kwi Rock"

Akukho namnye iqela ithandwayo kwenkulungwane ye-19, le midlalo musa ukungena ngokugqibeleleyo iimfuno Naismith. Kwaye ngoko ke umqeqeshi ukhumbula nje umntwana amakhwenkwe eyadini, ayedla kwafuneka indlela ozihlaziya ngayo ekubetheni 'idada phezu kolwalwa. " Imithetho zazilula: umdlali kwafuneka ukufumana lityeni phezulu "zeengxondorha" (. Ubukhulu ubungakanani ilitye) Esengumntwana, ukuqonda umenzi elizayo yomnyazi ukuthi ukuzuza asinguye umntu olahla nzima, kodwa lowo uya kufumana kuyiphosa indlela egqibeleleyo. Kwaba esandleni benkwenkwe leyo, ngenxa yokuba uye wazibonakalisa data encomekayo anthropometric, nangona ngeyona inokusityeda, womelele. Ngenxa yoko, ukudlala komntwana amakhwenkwe waseKhanada waba isiseko uhlobo olutsha kwezemidlalo.

ngosuku endle

NgoDisemba 21, 1896 Dzheyms Neysmit Wahlahla yokwenza umthambo yesikolo kwezixhobo imithambo, wabeka kwiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga, eshiya kuphela ibhola ekhatywayo. Wabuza lo ococa ukuzisa iibhokisi ezimbini, wabaxhoma phezu balcony. Kodwa endaweni iibhokisi indoda yawangenisa nengobozi yeepesika phantsi. Hayi ukususa umzantsi, Naismith balinqabisa "isixhobo" ezantsi efestileni kumacala ahlukeneyo eholweni. Exakayo, le ukuphakama - iimitha ezi-3 cm 5 - isekhona kwimigaqo basketball ingatshintshanga. Business for amancinci: ekhohlo ukuqokelela iqela.

Abaqambi iye yabangela abafundi wabahlula amaqela amabini, iyileyo ngabantu 9. Wanika abadlali bakhe ibhola ekhatywayo, wababonisa uMaqoma, ezibe zibethelelwe ekupheleni nganye eholweni. Naismith Okulandelayo bavakalise uluvo: Iqela ngalinye kwakufuneka ukuphosa ibhola esisengobozini abachasi bakhe. Usompempe impempe ixilongo, kunye nembali, owokuqala ehlabathini, umdlalo yomnyazi yaqala.

Umdlalo wokuqala

Kuye kwathiwa ulawulo kuphela: umntu kwafuneka ukuba ahlale phezu balcony uze ulisonge phantsi ibhola exabileyo esisengobozini kwimeko ibhola echanileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kungekho isikhokelo abadlali ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela iingxaki. Abakwishumi elivisayo baye bagqiba ukuba unako unokuyikhaba iinyawo zakho okanye uthathe i iqokobhe ngenxa yotshaba. Naismith akazange abe nexesha ukwahlula abafundi babo. Uyamlwela ibhola sasikrwada kangaka kunye nobundlobongela, ukuba omnye kweva umdlalo wokuqala izuze "igxalaba ingaphambuki endleleni, ngoxa omnye ngawela. "Oku kufana umlo isitalato okanye nokulwa ngaphandle imigaqo" - njengokuba kamva azinakanwa enye luzigwagwisile Umsunguli yomnyazi.

Naismith kulindeleke ukusilela emva komdlalo yokuqala. Ndothuka xa amakhwenkwe bamngqonga umthantamisi wakhe Baqala ukumbongoza ukuba ukudlala kwakhona. Nangona krwada, umdlalo ibhola omtsha umdla elivisayo. Ngoko ke, lo mfundisi ukwazisa ngokungxamisekileyo bela kakhulu. iintsuku eziliqela wachitha ukuqinisekisa ukuba utitshala inkcubeko emzimbeni ukuba kuqulunqwa imithetho 13 zashicilelwa unobhala iphepha ezimbini. Ulwazi, kwagqitywa ukuba bamakishe eludongeni ejimini. Ngenxa yoko, umdlali ngamnye ubekelwe bucala ngeentsontelo.

Ukuqaliswa imithetho

Umthetho ibalulekileyo kukuba umdlali ophethe ibhola, ayikwazi bahlaselwe. Le ezintsha kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukungqubana kunye nokulwa. umdlalo olandelayo wabonisa ukuba Naismith ebecinga kwicala elifanelekileyo. Abadlali baqala ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza dayo ukuba inyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa womdlalo umdlali welinye icala ophethe ibhola, kusekho. Naismith wabona ukusungulwa kwenkqubo free uphosa, kodwa bashiya le ngcamango xa waqonda ukuba abafundi ngokukhawuleza bagqwese ubuchule ngokubulawa.

Ngaphezu koko, umakhi liye lajamelana umngeni omtsha: abadlali abakhuselayo ngokukhawuleza waqonda ukuba Amaqhinga womdlalo okuncinci ahlawule izahlulo. Ngenxa yoko, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwazisa umthetho lesohlwayo ngenxa womdlalo phezu-iqela. Abadlali uvunyelwe ukuba ukubeka amanyathelo iqela, atyhale, agalele, ubambe umchasi kwaye zithintela roll kulo njongo. Ekuqaleni, lo mdlalo ibe amacandelo ezimbini zemizuzu engama-15. Ngaloo ndlela, ityala kunye impazamo, isikhokelo sokuqala umdlalo yomnyazi zifunyenwe.

Igama lo mdlalo

Ngenxa yeempembelelo yi abafundi ndacebisa umdlalo omtsha obizwa "Naismith-ibhola. ' Noko ke, umakhi akazange afune ukunyanzela ingqalelo kumntu lakhe, waza wacebisa enye igama ezibandakanya amagama amabini - «ibhaskiti ibhola», gama elo elithetha "ibhaskiti-ball".

ukubuyekeza Ezilungileyo kumaphephandaba

Uluntu ngokubanzi leva khona umdlalo omtsha emva kokupapashwa amanqaku laudatory kuhlelo ithandwayo Triangle. Ukususela ngoFebruwari 15, 1892 malunga ngaske bafunda yonke of America. Apha kweli nqaku 13 imithetho (xa umntu evela bezemidlalo kwezinye iindawo zelizwe ufuna ukudlala ngaske ngexesha lakhe nanceba.) Elokuphetha, umbhali wenqaku igxininisa isidima umdlalo omtsha: Uphuhliso yokucinga qhinga yaye zikhulise ngamandla nangokubanzi izihlunu ezenza lo mdlalo ibhola engcono uqeqesho .

Ngumqondo Naismith ngokukhawuleza wabanjwa phezu kwezinye izibonelelo umfundi

Basketball American College naa okomlilo wedobo. Mhlawumbi akukho na umdlalo, ukukhuthazwa zenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Uthando ingqeqesho entsha yathathwa yi intombazana. Ukuya kwisiza, iimbaleki abaselula enxibe blouses nebhulukhwe. Kubonakala lo mdlalo kakhulu esobukhomokazi ngaphezu football rough.

Njengomfundisi waba umqeqeshi

Kakade ke, Dzheyms Neysmit akazange ahlale kude ngaske boom. Sele 1898 waba ukuqeshwa ngumqeqeshi yokuqala University of Kansas team yomnyazi. Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe njengomqeqeshi yomnyazi umenzi kwafuneka ukubukela inguqu imithetho 13. iingobozi Ekugqibeleni bottom sele ziphelisiwe, uze indawo ngokupheleleyo amakhonkco elenze; free olahla zibe yinxalenye yale umdlalo; kunye nebhola ngokuyikhaba (nebhola ngokuyikhaba njalo) wabonakala ngo-1901. Ekuqaleni, ngokutsho imigaqo Naismith inani labadlali ingahluka-3 ukuya 40 Noko ke, kwigumbi elincinane phantsi iimbaleki ngokukhawuleza waqonda ukuba ukudlala 5 5 - ilungele.