Nkqubo yokuhlawulelwa kwamaphepha- mvume: ingqiqo, imisebenzi esisiseko kunye nemisebenzi. izenzo olumisiweyo osemthethweni yale nkqubo yokuhlawulelwa kwamaphepha-

Ingcamango nkqubo yokuhlawulelwa kwamaphepha- amaninzi lisetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo ebanzi. Ibhekisela ukusekwa kwe zomthetho ukuze uqinisekisa ulawulo yi amagunya karhulumente phezu owayeze izenzo ezithile okanye ukufumana amandla athile ngabantu kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni. nkqubo yokuhlawulelwa kwamaphepha--layisensi yeSoftwe yinto enkulu-isikali komthetho iziko egubungele ulwalamano ezininzi kushishino.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo mvume kulo ezincwadini zesayensi kutyhilwa kakhulu ngokunzulu ndikunyibilikise ngokufezekileyo, ababhali ezisemthethweni ngenkankulu ukuthetha malunga nendima sabaphathi ekusebenzeni iindlela ezintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na inkqubo mvume, yintoni na uhlobo iimpawu zayo?

Ngokufutshane kwimisebenzi mvume kwamaziko karhulumente

Mvume kunye nemisebenzi ukuvumela yenziwa kuphela ngabameli izakhiwo ezinkulu namandla, ngenxa yokuba injongo yawo esisiseko kukunika ukhuseleko kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Kulula ukuba uyavumelana nento yokuba nkqu amanqwanqwa ezahlukeneyo Kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo eluntwini kunokubangela umonakalo ukuba benze mgaqweni, ukukhathaza imithetho, imimiselo, imigangatho. Kwabo kunganxulunyaniswa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukuveliswa ngeemoto njalo njalo. D. Ngako oko, ukuba benze izinto ezinjalo kunokuba kuphela ngemvume ngabasemagunyeni abanobuchule.

Federal uMthetho № 99 "Ngomhla mvume lwemisebenzi ezithile" sisiseko esisiseko zomthetho nezolawulo, esetyenziswa kubume umsebenzi professional ukusombulula, kwaye isebenza incarnation ngqo imigaqo yomsebenzi mvume eRashiya. Ezi ziquka:

• ukudityaniswa emthethweni ngqo okanye ban ngqo - kufunyaniswe ukuba ekujonganeni uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokufumana imvume;
• ukuphunyezwa kwe mvume kunye avumele umsebenzi kweemeko yokungathobeli kwemibutho;
• ulawulo nolwaluso phezu nokuhambelana kunye namaziko ezifumene mvume, imithetho ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi efanelekileyo;
• ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo omthetho zonyanzelo nxamnye abantu, kunye violators ziziswa sezomthetho.

Yintoni na le mvume ye iintlobo eziphambili kunye nenjongo

Namhlanje, inkoliso iintlobo uvumela igama mvume izibambiso. Kulo mzekelo, abemi basebenzisa amanye amagama:

• ilungelo ukulawula (kwisithuthi);
• ukunyamezelana (ukwenza umsebenzi kunye emngciphekweni omkhulu);
• quota (sokuhlala of ummi angaphandle kwi-Russian Federation okwexeshana);
• eziqinisekisiweyo zezatifikethi zemfundo (uviwo kwekhadi umqhubi).

Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba sahlule iimvume ezikhutshiweyo ukuba abemi kunye nemibutho kwi-sikhokelo yenkqubo mvume, kwimiphumo efanayo, kodwa ngenjongo eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, ulwalathiso ekhutshwe ngokusekelwe umgaqo yogunyaziso watyumba ithuba Ukucofa le abangaphantsi, kunye nonikezelo ngexesha elinye-lwamaxwebhu ezifana, ngokomzekelo, imvume umtshato yokuqala, akuthethi engozini ukhuseleko loluntu, ngoko ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba i yokongamela elandelayo. Omnye umzekelo umxhelo - uxwebhu kwimfundo: idiploma waqononondisa baphumeleleyo, ivumela umntu ukuba ahlale kule okanye kweso sithuba. Kodwa ke, nangona ukuba idiploma kwithala mda ubomi, ukuba akukho siqinisekiso wokuqeshwa. For umkhuba umsebenzi, njengoko umthetho, ezifuna iphepha-mvume.

Amanqaku amaxwebhu wihi ukuvumela ndawo

amaqumrhu karhulumente ukuba nobuchule ngokwaneleyo kwintsimi zomthetho, uye wathetha mvume umba lwezifundo umsebenzi ngamnye. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ilayisenisi ekhutshwe ngabasemagunyeni federal, akukho zithintelo indawo ngokusetyenziswa.

Kwimeko apho imvume ikhutshwa ngoogunyaziwe benqila kwisifundo owawulinikiwe, sishishine efanelekileyo kuphela kwimida yayo indawo. Ngenxa yoko, i-mvume (isigunyaziso) kwinkqubo eMoscow kukho inani umahluko ukusuka zombini iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwezinye iingingqi weRashiya, ubunzima kwihi. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi kwimimandla Russian, xa Vol. H. Kwaye ikomkhulu, TSLRR yokusebenza ezibonelela yonke inkqubo karhulumente mvume mvume operation inkathazo-free. Ukusuka St. Petersburg Vladivostok, ukususela Arkhangelsk ukuya Orenburg - Centres ekunikweni kweemvume kunye avumele umsebenzi kunika abemi iingcebiso kuyilo mvume.

Ukuba semthethweni kwephepha-mvume elikhutshwe

Kwinqanaba federal wafumana imvume uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi kunokuba inyathelo ongunaphakade. Kwiimeko ezininzi ixesha ubuncinane yintloko-mvume kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu-. Xa mvume liphelelwa, imisebenzi ehambelana kufuneka kwenziwe.

Kwimeko apho kukho utshintsho nomsebenzi kufuneka kwakhona afumane imvume ukulungiselela umsebenzi. inkqubo mvume isebenza kwimo ethile lolawulo, yaye ngoko ke ibandakanya iqela lamanyathelo zomthetho ezithile, ulandelelwano-siseko nto leyo ezivunywe ngezenzo zomthetho ezikhethekileyo.

Inqanaba ukuvumela mzekelo: indlela yokuphumelela mvume

Le mbono "ukwenza imveliso 'lwesigama anako uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo inkcazelo kwenkqubo iilayisenisi, kodwa ngokungafani kuyanceda ukucinga iqonga silungiselela inkqubo yolawulo kwaye imele ngamnye kubo:

• pre - isigaba case excitation;
• ukuhlolwa step, reference abasemagunyeni abanobuchule ukuba amaxwebhu, njalo-njalo d..;
• kwezigqibo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo;
• kweliso kweziveliso ze-ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho abo bafumana mvume ngokusemthethweni.

mvume Imveliso (imvume) inkqubo, kwezinye iimeko, ikwabandakanya ubukho amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo: lokuvunywa (ukuba abe nako ukusebenzisa imisebenzi zazingavumelekanga), sokuhlaziywa kwelayisenisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo zonyanzelo. La manyathelo zizodwa, r. F. Sukani ukusuka ukuphunyezwa amanyathelo zangaphambili.

Njani isicelo semvume (ilayisensi)?

Ukuqala production kokuvalwa zibhuqe noko, nto leyo kunye nenzala abucala, abachaphazelekayo yomyalelo yokwenza isicelo sephepha-mvume, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba kuvumeleke excitation kwetyala. Okwangoku, kusetyenziswa isifundo kufuneka lwandulelwe ukulungiselela ethile - ukuhlanganiswa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, amanyathelo zombutho, inkqubo mvume iinkonzo igunya lentlawulo, akumelanga ukuba yeyiphi ngaphezulu ngaphezu ubuncinane kathathu wemivuzo.

Malunga endaweni yokuvumela yesicelo isatifiketi sobhaliso lweshishini, nto leyo equka ebangela imisebenzi ekhoyo enamandla qho mandatory ukuba siqwalasele isibheno kwaye utshekishe ukuba ngaba umenzi-sicelo ukuba kuhanjiswana neemfuno mvume nokuba ngaba siyayithobela na Okukodwa ezinikezelwa umda okhethiweyo umgaqo kusemthethweni, zokusingqongileyo, izithethe zangasese kunye nemiyalelo umlilo. Kwezinye iimeko, kumntu ukubeka phambili iimfuno ekufumanekeni kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zabo zobugcisa, iziqinisekiso zabasebenzi, njalo njalo. E., Njengoko kubonisiwe-99 lomThetho Federal "Xa lweelayisensi iintlobo ezithile zemisebenzi."

Kutheni angala ukukhupha iilayisenisi: Oonobangela

Ngokuhambelana kunye nale ngummiselo efanayo echazwe imiqathango isicelo - kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-30 yaye yangenisa la maxwebhu kumntu onomdla kufuneka anikwe okanye waphika. Izizathu ngezigqibo engakhiyo imizimba abanobuchule uba:

• ukunikwa kweenkcukacha eziynkohliso yi-sicelo;
• ukuguquguquka zesifundo neemfuno zomthetho kunye nemiqathango yokufumana-mvume.

Ingongoma lokugqibela kuneempembelelo ngokubanzi, ngoko ke azibandakanyi ezahlukeneyo izizathu zokwala ukuba akhuphe ipemethi leyo esinye isithuba uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Umzekelo, imithetho elawula ukusetyenziswa yophando labucala kunye nokukhuselwa kabani abemi bayala ukuba akhuphe ilayisenisi ukuba:

• iikhrayitheriya ukungangqinelani yobudala (sicelo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21 ubudala);
• ukufumana umntu kwi emayezeni kwindawo yempilo yengqondo okanye unyango ngamachiza;
• isigxina umthetho, umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho;
• lezomthetho;
• umhlala esisinyanzelo elifomatiweyo umkhonzi civil (in Vol. h. kule ukuthotyelwa komthetho arhente, iinkundla), unobangela ezisenokusebenza lityala oluleko kujongelwa phantsi.

Ukuba isicelo saliwe ngugunyaziwe mvume-mvume, ukuze isicelo imfuneko ukuqhuba uviwo elizimeleyo. Isifundo unelungelo lokukhetha umbutho kunye nokuqinisekiswa efanelekileyo. Uviwo oluqhutywa kwixesha elifutshane, nto leyo eya kuba ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini ukusukela kumhla izinqumo ngesicelo mvume.

Okukodwa imvume ilifa imipu

Njengoko umthetho, ukulungiswa imvume sicelo okuthwesa iqonga elawulayo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ukuphunyezwa kwisigaba yesisombululo ilibazisekile. Umzekelo okuphawuleka inkqubo enikiweyo 150 FL "On Izixhobo". Emva kokufumana imvume, i-sicelo unelungelo lokuba abe nompu, kodwa emva kokuba uthenge kufuneka zibhaliswe kwisebe yamapolisa kuba iintsuku ezili-14 ezayo. Kuphela emva koko umnini kwezixhobo ezikhutshiweyo ukuba angavumela ugcino. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ezingenalayisenisi izixhobo imfuneko ezahlukeneyo ukwenza intshukumo olongezelelweyo: kuqala ukufumana imvume yokuthenga, yaye emva kwakhe - ekulondolozeni.

Ngaphezu koko, xa ibakala ukuphunyezwa umgwebo uxanduva yeGunya, elikhuphe-mvume, nayo iquka nghena wedatha efunekayo kwiRejista (ulwazi malunga mvume, ixesha lokuba semthethweni kwephepha-mvume, inkcazelo emfutshane yohlobo lomsebenzi). Kamva kwirejista ziya kwenziwa kwi-data bamiswa mvume apho, enoba oko kuxhomekeke ekubeni nokubuyiselwa okanye ukurhoxiswa. Kulo mzekelo, iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kwirejista, ayikho ziyimfihlo. Ngesicelo kwamaziko karhulumente kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho inikwa simahla, abantu kunye namashishini kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali iseti ukuba babenolwazi ulwazi lobhaliso.

eyayilawulwa uMbuso labantu abaye bafumana mvume

inkqubo ezingenalayisenisi izixhobo ibandakanya element of a kweliso mandatory phezu ukuphunyezwa amalungelo somnini ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loluntu. Ukuba mvume kunye uxwebhu yokuyekelela izuza ilungelo lokuba nenxaxheba kwimisebenzi ethile, abasemagunyeni abanobuchule liya kuba nelungelo ukulawula kwaye utshekishe ukuba ngaba imali ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye neemfuno zomthetho, imithetho nemiqathango. Ngowe-150 lomThetho Federal "On Izixhobo" uphawulwe noluhlu bezinto kweliso yi ngamapolisa. Ezi zibandakanya izixhobo kuphela (kubandakanywa inkonzo, smoothbore, pistols igesi, njl ..), ke izixhobo, izinto eziqhumayo. Phantsi ziyapicothwa kwemicimbi zangaphakathi arhente iinkampani ukuba utywala okanye athengise izixhobo, kwakunye nokulungiswa workshops izixhobo iivenkile, iinkampani zokhuseleko, adubula zibe.

Ngurhulumente kunye nesakhiwo Interior Sobulungiseleli Sobuthixo kwinkqubo mvume banelungelo:

• Uhlolo nezingacwangciselwanga imisebenzi ukuthotyelwa eyenziwa yi-mvume, iimfuno zomthetho;
• uthumele isicelo sephepha-mvume evela umnini imibuzo kuyimfuneko, iingcaciso;
• abulale ezisemthethweni test (yeZenzo ubonise iziphumo, ahlawule ingqalelo ukwaphulwa);
• ukwenza izigqibo ezifuna umntu lahlolwa ukuphelisa zolwaphulo ibonakele ngexesha elifutshane;
• umba izilumkiso kwi ukupheliswa okanye ukurhoxiswa imvume.

nkqubo yokuhlawulelwa kwamaphepha- Injongo kunye nendima yalo kurhulumente

arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho abanolwazi kunye neminye imiba enxulumene nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi zokusuphavayiza. Ngenxa yoko, i-mvume (isigunyaziso) inkqubo Russia ukufuna injongo othintelo njengoko ezijolise ekuthinteleni imiphumo emibi indiva imithetho zomthetho nezolawulo elawula iinkqubo ukuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziyingozi, iziyobisi, ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi, nto leyo ibaluleke olulandeleyo uluntu lwale mihla. Mvume (ilayisensi) inkqubo ivumela urhulumente ukuba objectify ngokwabo imodeli zazo zolawulo kunye ekwenziweni komthetho ngokufaka amanyathelo afanelekileyo bombutho.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imizimba mvume ngexesha elifanayo enze lokongamela yolawulo. imizimba UMongami esweni kunye nolawulo, ukusuka onemvume inkqubo mvume ithi banyanzelekile ukuba zazise igunya mvume ukunyhashwa ezichongiweyo. iimvume Umnikazi, yena, akanalo ilungelo lokuba ukuthintela nokuphunyezwa nokuhlolwa, kufuneka unike ingcaciso efunekayo yaye angenise amaxwebhu axhasayo.