Polish uMongameli leh Kachinsky: engobomi, imisebenzi yezopolitiko

Enye amanani nopolitiko loluntu mihla yaseYurophu, ukulwa idemokhrasi kunye ubulungisa ke uMongameli abaziintanda Poland - leh Kachinsky. Ngelishwa, umsebenzi wakhe njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo ayikhange ibe lula, yaye ngaphambi kwexesha ukufa kabuhlungu yaba wothuka ngokwenene hayi kuphela lizwe kodwa kuluntu ngokubanzi. Makhe uzame ukuhlalutya njengoko kwakukho kwingozi moya kufuphi ESmolensk. Ukufa Leha Kachinskogo yaba bonke igalelo elikhulu.

ulwazi oluchaza

Leh Kachinsky wazalwa ikomkhulu Poland (Warsaw) Juni 18, 1949 kwintsapho zeenkokheli inkqubela kunye namatshantliziyo. Utata yinjineli kwaye wabandakanyeka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kunye nomama wakhe, philologist, yaba inxaxheba qhankqalazo ngo-1944 e Warsaw. Abhimeleki akazange umntwana kuphela entsatsheni, enyanisweni, waba newele Jarosław.

ukubunjwa

Leh Kachinsky ebesoloko ngenkuthalo nzima yokusebenza, waphumelela kwizikolo eziziisekondari ngo-1966 waba kwicandelo lolawulo kunye nomthetho kwi kwiYunivesithi Warsaw. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu ngempumelelo yena izidanga, yaye kamva ngonyaka wafumana isidanga yenkosi. umfana Active zange wahlala, soloko inxaxheba kubomi yunivesithi kunye umzi, iinjongo zokufikelela kuzo. Ngoko ke, emva kweminyaka embalwa ubugqirha yaye kungekudala wonyuselwa ukuba ngunjingalwazi.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Umsebenzi sezopolitiko elizayo uMongameli ePoland kwaqala ezindongeni University of Gdansk, kwiKomiti ukusebenza. Ngelo xesha (iminyaka 1977-1978), oko ekuthiwa-komhlaba inkcaso anti-yobukomanisi. Leh Kachinsky ebesoloko bakhusela izinto zabo nokunceda abanye bakwenze oko, akumangalisi ukuba wamiselwa umcebisi ukuba ikomiti "Ubetha e Gdansk."

Kule 80 okuqala, xa imo yonxunguphalo yaqaliswa kulo lonke eli lizwe, yena entolongweni phantse wonke unyaka. Kodwa oku zange kuyaphula ukulwa ubulungisa, kodwa koko, oko kuya kubonakala, oko uye wanikela inkolelo ukuba uyakwazi ukutshintsha ilizwe ukuba ngcono. Mhlawumbi ngelo xesha, yaye isicwangciso ukwenzela ukwakhiwa umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko nokwenyuka eli lizwe ubuntloko, ngokuba nde kwendlela kuphela ukuba luncedo kuluntu ukuphumeza ubulungisa.

Ukuze ixesha elide yena nguMphathiswa wezobuLungisa, wayesele kwentloko National Security Bureau (phantsi uMongameli of Poland). Ngowe-2001, kunye nomzalwana wakhe wadala yaqonda iqela ebizwa ngokuba 'uMthetho nobuLungisa "Enyanisweni, la magama mabini baye sisaci kunye isindululo kumda wesangqa engundoqo la mandla kwezopolitiko, nto leyo kuphela unyaka kukhokelele Lech, kuqala kwisikhundla Warsaw usodolophu, yaye emva minyaka mi-4 - ukuba ngumongameli weli lizwe. Ngo-2005, ihlabathi wafunda: "leh Kachinsky - umongameli Poland."

zengqondo Basic and values

Umongameli omtsha Poland wabiza idemokhrasi kwaye zikhuselwe kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ezama ukubuyela kubomi boluntu kunye isiqalo yokuziphatha yamaKristu amandulo wooyise. Ngoko ke, njengokuba usodolophu, ukuba nje kuphela obala umtshato esini esinye kunye abambalwa ngesondo, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo wayesalela ukubanjwa kwimiju- ezinjalo Warsaw. Kaczyński, umongameli kwakhona wathetha phandle nxamnye isisu kunye ukubulawa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye inkxaso isigwebo sentambo njengenyathelo kuzibamba-mthetho ezinobungozi.

Abaninzi babekholelwa ukuba emva konyulo urhulumente bamthabathela kubo lomntu ngaphezu kwesinye, kodwa yonke umdlalo for Kaczyński. Akumangalisi oku, kuba wayesoloko apho lo mzalwana, nto leyo kuphela ophetheyo inani iqela lezopolitiko kwi yeeNgwevu, kodwa kwixesha elizayo kwayinto inkulumbuso.

Xa inani uluntu lwaseYurophu namhlanje Kaczyński abaninzi kakhulu antsonkothileyo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kubudlelwane langoku kunye Russian Federation ngenxa nentlekele Katyn kunye nokwakhiwa wegesi lweBaltic. Ukongeza, kukho into ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni kwezopolitiko ukungacaci Kaczyński, mhlawumbi waba zovavanyo kwabo imisebenzi Russian Federation ngexesha iziganeko eMzantsi Ossetia, kwakunye njengembonakaliso ngenkxaso enzulu urhulumente Georgian.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zopolitiko Mnu Kaczyński wayedlala ixesha wokutyikitywa kwiSibhengezo 2008 ulwamkelo Ukraine kunye Georgia zibe NATO. Ukongeza, Lev Kachinsky ikuvumile ukutyalwa ePoland iinkqubo zokhuselo US enomjukujelwa, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukudideka malunga inxalenye Russian Federation. Ngelo xesha, nguDmitry Medvedev ngokucacileyo wathembisa ukuba Russian Federation ibekwe kwi ummandla ummandla eKaliningrad "Iskander" system. Kwaye owayeyazi kufa ngayo kwiminyaka embalwa kamva leh Kachinsky. Airliner sentlekele apho isigwebo elite lonke eli lizwe uya khona, waye isimanga epheleleyo.

ngokufa

Ngentsasa ka-Aprili 10, 2010 kwakukho isithonga esikhulu kufuphi ESmolensk. Ukufa Leha Kachinskogo yaba yintlekele ngokwenene. On ibhodi, ukongeza uMongameli Poland, kwakusekho abantu 95, kuquka umfazi wakhe kunye 'incam' likarhulumente (epalamente kunye eNdlu yeeNgwevu). Ngelishwa, akukho umntu omnye akwazi ukuphila.

Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, lo moya intlitheke leemitha 300 ukusuka moya ka-moya zomkhosi ye Russian Federation - North. Kulindeleke ukuba, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, kwiimeko yenkungu kakhulu ngenxa moya fu ngqo kumhlaba kunye nendlela buhlungu lo mthi, kwaye yaba sisikhubekiso kuye. Phantse nangoko, umongameli Russian wayalelwa ukuba ukuseka iqela, ukuphanda unobangela sokonakala moya Leha Kachinskogo.

Ngawabo ingxelo, umlilo okanye nasiphi na umlilo wayengekho ebhodini. Kodwa ke amandla ifuthe moya xa ukuwa okukhulu kangangokuba ngaxa linye wakhangela phezulu umsila lo moya, kungasali ithuba ukugcina abakhweli.

Plane eyenzeke ESmolensk

Likhangeleka ngozi kakhulu imfihlakalo yenzeka kwisikhululo North. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukufa Leha Kachinskogo uye waba isiganeko kakhulu ayephikisana. Kule ntlekele waba imibuzo ngaphezu iimpendulo. Uluntu kwaba ilahleko kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeka njani konke, yaye yintoni okanye ngubani ngokwenene obengasemva intlekele: iseti ezibuhlungu iimeko okanye inyathelo ezicwangcisiweyo ngenyameko?

Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, lo moya eyayithwele umongameli Polish nababengalwamkelanga imvume umhlaba. Ngaloo mini, lo moya South waba lavalwa. Crew kucetyiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo umhlaba e Minsk okanye eMoscow, kodwa nangona oku, ibhodi sazaliseka iindlela eziliqela ngayo kufuphi ESmolensk moya. yenzekile le ngozi.

Ngenxa imeko yangoku ntle, airliner lihlala ibithwele umntu wokuqala kweli lizwe, wayecebe ukuba enze evulekile ye moya wesixeko ESmolensk "Severny". Ngokutsho kubahlali baloo mzi, lo moya a yeqhinga iziko kunokuba endala yomkhosi lixesha kudala ayisebenzi. Noko ke, apha ukwala ukulandela ilinge umongameli ukuba athumele ukufika senziwa nereyithi icetywayo.

Ngokutsho kubantu "abathile", lo moya ngokwenene kwi "Limbo" karhulumente. Phakathi abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba kwinkonzo moya, yayihanjelwe ngabasebenzi kuphela abambalwa abo benza ekugcinweni evulekile in zikwimeko elungileyo. Ngokutsho kwabo, nangona into yokuba lo moya ibekwe kufutshane kuloo mzi, ngenxa yale band kunqabile kakhulu uhlale phantsi iinqwelo-moya. Kwaye ke abameli abagunyazisiweyo i-Russian Federation Ministry of Defence kwingxelo wabonisa ukuba lo moya iyasebenza kwaye lisebenza kakuhle. Kwaye kule moya leh Kachinsky inqwelo ngo-2007 ukuya kutyelela Katyn lenkumbulo.

umngcwabo

wafa ke leh Kachinsky (ifoto umzimba, asinakukwazi ukupapasha ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo). Kodwa inkqubo yokungcwaba eendaba sahlanganiswa ngokubanzi. Kwaye yintoni umdla. Xa ujonge imifanekiso abeze emngcwabeni ngokuqinisekileyo imvakalelo ipheze. Njani na exhelelwe ezinjalo Kaczyński, kodwa ke ngathi, iphakathi abeze emngcwabeni? Lo iwele lakhe.

data Historical: Uhlalutyo impumelelo TU-154

Makhe sijonge ukuba kutheni ukufa leh Kachinsky? Plane ingozi, kwenzeka phakathi ESmolensk - ipatheni okanye ukuqondana? Xa abanye abafundi babe uluvo ayinyani ukuba isizathu sokuba kukho ngokuwa airliner. Noko ke, oko akufuneki ukuba uxhomekeke kwi kuthembeke aba matshini. Ukususela kwixesha aba moya 2001 kunye sabakho ngamabona-ndenzile. Umzekelo we-2001, xa ibhodi elilandelayo ukusuka Tehran ukuya Yerevan, ilalhekile. Ngokutsho kwe data lokugqibela uphando, ibulala bonke abantu 153, yaye ngokutsho iingcali isizathu ungqubano lwaba impazamo olulingwayo.

Enye emoyeni ezintathu kwenzeke ngo-2001. Ngokutsho uphando wafa 145, 136 no-78 abantu, kuquka abasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, ngokutsho lweticker iindaba, unobangela ukuwa moya kwiimeko ezimbini impazamo abasebenzi kunye nabaqhubi, yaye kuphela kwimeko mnye, moya ungqubano lwaba ngenxa yokuba yokugqibela kwathiwa watshayiswa enomjukujelwa ngexesha amabutho umzimba.

Ngo-2002, bekukho ezimbini yafakwa yokukhubazeka. Eyokuqala kwezi kwenzeka, njengoko imbono ingcali, ngenxa yeziphene zobugcisa. Kodwa kwenzeka le ngozi yesibini, mhlawumbi ngenxa yemposiso okanye moya esizisebenzelayo izilawuli, njengoko kwakukho komdlalo "iBoeing" kwintaba ephakame 12,000 eemitha.

Ngokuchasene neli, umntu usenokuthi, sisihelegu lo phezu 154th, ngaphandle kokuba imeko leyo eye yenzeka ngexesha andize moya-Agasti 24, 2004. Ngelo xesha, xa kwibhodi inqwelomoya emoyeni ukusuka moya "eSiberia" yaye "iVolga - Aviaekspress" phantse ngaxeshanye wasebenza izixhobo ezimbini umonakalo, okwenziwa ebhodini, abakhweli ukuzibulala. Ngenxa ziingozi, bonke abakhweli kwabulawa (ngokulandelelana abantu 46 no 44).

Ngo-2006, ngenxa bengena thunderhead yawa bekhwele kule Tu-154, ekuqhubeni moya Anapa - eSt Petersburg. Emva koko wenyuka moya ngaphandle kolawulo, wenyuka spin caba ilimele. Bonke abakhweli moya itshabalele (abantu 169, kubo abantwana 49 kunye namalungu enqanaweni 10).

Kakade ke, umbuzo ESmolensk Ukuwa kwabo Flight zisavuliwe, kwakunye nendlela wafa leh Kachinsky. Le ntlekele kwiziphumo ezifunyenwe ulwazi lokuqala ezifana kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa indlela asilotyala abaqhubi. Omnye ufumana ecinga ukuba abaqhubi Tu-154 abe namabakala emfundo ibingonelanga kwaye nje "ayikwazi" ukubhabha aba matshini, njengoko kwenzekayo yonke intlekele kona aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Kwaye mhlawumbi le ulawulo moya zicwadi kunzima ezilula yabaqhubi zoPhapho andizele phezu kwabo? Le ngongoma yesithathu, anokuba ilizwi - kunokwenzeka ukuba izixhobo moya ayikho umsebenzi ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle ezendeleyo algorithms kwakhe ukulawula, okanye olungasebenziyo kwiimeko ezinzima.

inkumbulo yesizwe

Musa ukucinga ukuba abantu, nangelinye ilizwe, sezopolitiko kanye ulibele, nenkokeli Poland. kwiintsuku ezine emva kwengozi yenqwelo-moya ezenzeka kukho isitalato ogama emva Leha Kachinskogo e Ukraine. Ngaloo ndlela Odessa ivakalise amazwi ovelwano nkxwaleko imbeko kwinkokeli karhulumente Polish. Hayi ke, akuzange kube inyathelo ubukhazikhazi, kunye nesigqibo phantse bevumelana Odessa City Council of yamaSekela, leyo ixhaswe amazwi abemi abaqhelekileyo - abahlali baloo mzi.

iindaba zakutshanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le isihloko efanelekileyo, njengoko kungekho izigqibo zokugqibela malunga unobangela wokufa abantu sokuqala karhulumente. Ntoni zibonisa imeko iindaba? Leh Kachinsky (we-2015 - kodwa isikhumbuzo sesihlanu ukufa mongameli) ingqubekile kufuphi ESmolensk. Akukho namnye yasinda. Kodwa ke urhulumente Polish waqhubeka ukuphanda izinto ezibangela le ngozi. Yonke into ayenziwanga uviwo kwaye zonke izigqibo ukuba oonobangela. Ngokutsho iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni, Poland ezinye iinyanga ezintandathu ngokutsha uphando kule ntlekele, ukubeka isibhengezo yokugqibela ezibangela le ngozi moya ngoAprili 10, 2016.

Kwelinye icala, i achukumisayo 'achukumisayo "uphando, abameli ezisemthethweni karhulumente Polish ibango ukuba ukulahlwa kwabo okwangoku ndiyiqonda ingcali olongezelelweyo kuphando yale ntlekele.

Icala Polish kuye ingxelo ngokusemthethweni ukuba esele ziqokelelwe imiqulu 650 zemathiriyeli malunga ntlekele, enxibe evulekileyo, kunye 120 nemiqulu zezinto ezikhoyo ukuya isangqa elimxinwa, t. E. Top mfihlakalo.

Isiphetho esemthethweni

Isigqibo lwaseburhulumenteni asikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ezizodwa. Enyanisweni, akukho ukuvumelana kwenzeka njani ukufa Leha Kachinskogo. Impela badla ukukholelwa ukuba le ngozi yenzeke, efunisela, akukho aphikisayo yena akazange unxibe. Uhlalutyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi kunye nezimvo ndawo ibonisa ukuba eneneni inokuba imvelaphi lwezopolitiko meko yenzekile. Ewe, oluninzi ayaziwa. A moya ongaqhelekanga abantu yokuqala karhulumente, ukwalela-moya ebikhona kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ingakhathalelwanga ... Kodwa katasrofa kunye nto, akukho zesiqhelo. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi oko kunjalo ekuvunyelwene ngalo lixa kwi iinkwenkwezi zezulu. Makhe masilinde ngoAprili 10 ...