Nokuhlola kwiqela wokulungiselela. Abantwana nokuhlola uthole

Kuluntu lwanamhlanje baba kubaluleke ngakumbi iimpawu zomntu nje inkululeko, ubuchule ukuphucula izakhono zabo, ukufunda rhoqo ekwandiseni isiseko solwazi. Kwaye ke inqanaba lemfundo, kubandakanywa pre-school, akakwazi ukuhlala kude, enyanisweni ibe sisiqinisekiso makings zophuhliso ngakumbi abantwana. Indawo entsha yomsebenzi nabantwana abancinane ukulinga na epriskuli, mayibhekiswe ulwazi iimpawu zezinto ngezimanga zendalo ngokusebenzisa nombono wabo ngqo. uqeqesho olunjalo kakhulu ngempumelelo.

Nokuhlola kwiqela wokulungiselela

Iminyaka yobudala ifanelekileyo ukuze kuqale olu hlobo lomsebenzi kwengqondo ixesha leminyaka 5-6. Ngoko ke, lo ukulinga sisebenzayo iqela wokulungiselela enkulisa. Kweli xesha yophononongo - yemvelo ukuba inkqubo yomntwana. Efundelwa yonke into eyenzekayo macala, kodwa kaninzi kwenzeka nokuxuba. iiklasi abaqeqeshiweyo nokuhlola umntwana uthole nga bandise ulwazi lwethu nehlabathi abanomdla into ngazo kungenzeka ukuba adibane nazo apha kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Utitshala kule meko ndaba azinampembelelo into (umfundi), kwaye uba nabo kumqolo, ukuphanda ukufunda kunye. Injongo iiklasi ezinjalo kwiqela wokulungiselela - ukunceda umntwana wakho:

• khetha into;
• ukufumana indlela;
• ukuqokelela ulwazi epheleleyo.

Ezi ngxaki ukuze usana lulele kwindawo yophuhliso proximal, oko kukuthi, akakwazi noko kwenziwa kubo ngokwabo.

Nokuhlola epriskuli GEF - eli ekuphuhliseni indawo kokuya esikolweni pedagogy, ubuchule ezithile zakhiwa kwaye yavavanywa nursery mihla. Ootitshala ukwakha inkqubo yabo noqeqesho ezisekelwe neenjongo kunye neenjongo ezifanayo.

Iinjongo kunye nemingeni nobuchwepheshe

Nokuhlola kwiqela wokulungiselela - inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi kwengqondo. ixabiso layo likhulu kunene. Iqela wokulungiselela - abantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo abo epriskuli kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngoko ke, ezi izakhono kunye nokwazi isiseko uqeqesho olungaphezulu. Abantwana epriskuli ukulinga na ezi njongo zilandelayo:

• Kudalwe iimeko ukuze kwakhiwe umfanekiso kwiinkalo zonke zehlabathi ngeenxa zonke izinto ezinzulu zomntwana;
• uphuhliso kwisigaba emphefumlweni-ezixabisekileyo yomntu;
• nokwandiswa isigama kunye nolwazi jikelele yemithwalo;
• ekuphuculeni izakhono zonxibelelwano, ukukwazi ukusebenzisana kunye noontanga kunye notitshala wabo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwezi zinto iya kuba nempumelelo ngaphezu ngakumbi inkqubo eyondeleleneyo ulwazi yakhiwe kwaye intsebenziswano eyiyo umntwana kunye abadala.

iziphumo ezilindelekileyo

umsebenzi nganye injongo ethile, kuquka abantwana epriskuli nokuhlola. Iziphumo kufuneka ibe ingabonakali. Yintoni kanye ufuna ootitshala, eqhuba ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye loo imisebenzi umdla kwiqela wokulungiselela? Isiphumo inkqubo zemfundo kufuneka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kubantwana, nto uyonyuka, basebenzisa amagama ngaphezulu kwisichazi yayo esebenzayo.
• Ixabiso zehlabathi ezingqongileyo, indalo uba ephezulu njengoko ngokusondeleyo umntwana zasendle ufunda ukuqonda iimfuno izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kunye ukuze sibe novelwano.
• Ukusebenza njengeqela, delineating ububanzi bemisebenzi, ekuqhubeni umsebenzi wakhe ngamnye ngokudibanisa ndawonye yonke idatha siphumo, abantwana baqalisa ukuncokola kakuhle ngakumbi.
• Ihlabathi kwi ukumelwa experimenters abaselula akusayi iqulathe izinto kunye neziganeko ngamnye, oko iguqulelwa isakhiwo ecacileyo.

Ngamanye amazwi, le enkulisa uqalisa ukuvavanya cala konke eziyingqongileyo nto, ukusukela izinto ebantwini, yaye oku kuya kunceda kakhulu naye kubomi elizayo abadala.

Yonke into efunekayo - phambi

Yintoni na indawo ukulinga epriskuli? Enkulisa, oziphatha ezintsha zokufundisa, wayesoloko yafakwa izinto ezifanelekileyo. nokuhlola kule ndawo kokuya esikolweni kufuneka luqulathe igama izinto kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngexesha yengqesho. imifanekiso efanelekileyo: Iimvavanyo zesekethe, inkcazo kunye neempawu nomfanekiso kunye iimpawu izinto. Exposure kufuneka ahambisane: abantwana ngokukhawuleza waphelelwa ngumdla oko kusoloko emehlweni. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo iya kuba umboniso weendawo kwiseshoni nganye. Ngosuku xa sifunda iimpawu umazibuthe ingafikanga olu lingelo ziza kufundwa nje izinto kuphela, kodwa iisampuli zesinyithi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinye izinto ezifana iinkuni, iplastiki, irabha, iiminerali, njl

Ngokubanzi, indawo ukulinga kwiqela wokulungiselela kufuneka iqulathe ukuba yonke into efunekayo ukuze bahlole ubunzima, umtsalane, ixesha, reactions yemichiza ezilula ophathekayo. Uninzi lwazo izinto zemihla ngemihla ukuba sisebenzisa kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Yintoni kanye kanye bazalise indawo ukulinga kwiqela wokulungiselela? E Nei kufuneka abe khona:

1. Tara. Bonke agcinwe izinto, wezenzi neesampula. Kuba iinkonkxa becala, iibhokisi kunye neebhotile kufuneka eyenziwe ngeplastiki. Ungasebenzisa iinkuni, neenkonkxa zesinyithi. Iglasi kufuneka kuphetshwe ngenxa yethuba olongeziweyo yokwenzakala. Abantwana bayiqhekeze imiphanda zibuthathaka kunye kutyunyuzwa cut. Ngaloo mihla, xa into zolu phononongo ziza kuba kanye iglasi, zonke izifundo le nto kufuneka iboniswe kuphela xa kukho utitshala zabasakhasayo.
2. Ingqokelela yezinto zendalo. Ungasebenzisa yonke into esingqongileyo. Ukutya okuziinkozo, iisampulu zomhlaba: .. Sand, udongwe, iinkuni okanye igadi umhlaba, igrabile, amaqokobhe, njl isuti kunye namatye zemo umdla kunye nemibala, iikhowuni, iintyatyambo ezomileyo okanye herbaria, kwakunye nezityalo live potted. Ukongeza izityalo kufuneka sibonise abantwana kunye nezilwanyana: Hamster ehokweni, neentlanzi akwariyam - kuba umdla ukubukela, unako kuwalusa kwaye bafunde lukhulu.
3. Ukuqokelelwa iphepha, impahla elukiweyo, icebo kunye nezinye noburhabaxa umdla.
4. Iimagnethi ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla, kwakunye njengezinto yesinyithi.
5. Lantern, izibane, amakhandlela kunye neminye imithombo ukukhanya.
6. Khulu kwinani labantwana kunye microscope ubuncinane enye zizibonakude.
7. iidayi ekhuselekileyo (ungakwazi ukuthatha ukutya).
8. Kwiithemometha (akukho mercury), pipettes, iisirinji ngaphandle neenaliti.
9. Iibhaloni, iphepha okanye iteyiphu ilaphu obhityileyo (ukumisela indlela yomoya).
10. Iitawuli, usula, zisuke kubo izifo, izikhafu, ilaphu oyile okanye amalaphu textile kubagubungela amacwecwe experiments.
11. uncwadi weendawo, imizekeliso, imizobo yemifuniselo.
12. Iimitha ixesha: iwotshi ngotolo, isanti, ilanga, neekhalenda.
13. Izikali: elektroniki classic, benemizimba kancinane.
14. Nezipili, ngokukhethekayo isakhelo zeplastiki kunye substrates - nzima ukuba aphule.

Ukuyila kwiqela wokulungiselela

Ukwakhiwa njengendlela uhlobo ukulinga hetisekeke yabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-5 ukuya ku-6. Iqela ukulungiselela umsebenzi - indawo echumayo: eyodwa uthando ukusebenzisana izinto kunye neefom, uyazi yintoni kwenzeka nabo nabanye sele ukwenza okuninzi ngokwabo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo. Yaye isibakala sokuba banayo na amandla ukufunda ukwenza encedwa ngabayaleli.

Ukuyila kwi qela wokulungiselela ijolise ukwandiswa izimvo yomntwana malunga neempawu ebonakalayo yezinto. Ubuchule kwakhona ekuphuhliseni (ukukwazi ukucinga ngokuyilayo ngaphandle ibhokisi).

Kwakhona, qiniseka ephakanyiswe ngokweemvakalelo-ixabiso sphere kwezi seshoni. Abafundi bakhumbula apho, nayiphi na-ndikhulile kwenzeka izenzo, ukuba zilinganisa eklasini, kwaye bafunde ukuba ukuhlonipha abantu abasebenzayo. Umzekelo, nokwakha indlu ngaphandle iibhloko, enkulisa umsebenzi wakhe umalunga imisebenzi umakhi, umakhi. Sathi sakubaleka ke nolwakhiwo esidulini enamavili, Uloqonda yena wenjineli nemoto zezityalo. Kwakhona iphuhlise kunye nezenziwe nokucinga yohlalutyo. Itakane kufuneka ukutshatisa scheme uyilo kwikamva izinto yokwakhiwa kwayo, ukuze angqamane izenzo zabo kunye nemiyalelo kwaye ufumane isiphumo oyifunayo.

Iiklasi abangumzekelo imisonto

Abantwana abanomdla yonke into esondeleyo kubo, athe athanda bangaqonda into, ukuhlola kunye asebenzise izinto kunye nezinto. Umsebenzi katitshala - nokumisa ulwazi lwabo, iindlela kunye nemisebenzi kufuneka systemic, mlonyeni. Nokuhlola kwiqela wokulungiselela iquka zonke iinkalo zobomi - ukusuka zivamvo oluntu emkhathini.

ngamatshe ukufunda

Njengenxalenye yale sifundo abantwana baya kufunda rocks, apho kuza zisithele, yintoni na, abantu kusebenza ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uthethe ngayo ubuncwane obunqabileyo semi-anqabileyo, izixhobo zokwakha kunye nabanye. Sisebenzisa intaba ezahlukeneyo uvalwe, ezahluke umbala, imvakalo, ubunzima njalo njalo. D. Ezinye amatye ilungiswe kwangaphambili, yaye abanye babutha ngumoya, nokugcina umdla yabantwana ukuba opytnicheskoy imisebenzi.

Ekuphuhlisweni umxholo iya kuba kufanelekile ukuba sifunde izifundo malunga iifosili yamandulo (lekalika, itshokhwe, amalahle, izixhobo), iintlobo zomhlaba kunye nefuthe lazo iimeko zemozulu (umoya, ubushushu, ingqele).

Water kunye neempawu zayo

Water - enkulu ekwenzeni imifuniselo kunye nabantwana eziphathekayo. Kunokuba lula ngumkhenkce, emoyeni, ipeyinti okanye soda. Kuthotho izifundo phezu kwamanzi iqela wokulungiselela inika inkcazelo malunga nendawo yayo indalo, indima esikalini, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye imichiza Iipropati eziphilayo. Kwixesha elizayo, umxholo unako kuqhutywa, ingqalelo abemi kweelwandle, amachibi kunye nemilambo, akuba kuxoxwa ingxaki longcoliseko lwemizimba amanzi emhlabeni. Abantwana kufuneka beze esiphelweni ngemfuneko ukulondoloza amanzi anikele iindlela ezicocekileyo ukugcina ekhaya.

abantu

Lo mxholo kutyhilwa ngokuthe ngcembe, ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

• ngesandla yabantu (njengoko umbutho ngaphandle kwebala, njengendlela yokuqonda kunye nezenzo ukuthatha);
• Isikhumba (uvakalelo yayo elangeni okanye amanzi reaction xa ubilisa okanye ukupholiswa sengozini);
• neendlebe impumlo (umsebenzi, ixabiso, ukuze kulondolozwe ngengcebiso impilo yabo).

umazibuthe

Ubudlelwane kunye umazibuthe, iimpawu zayo kunye nentsebenziswano yento kunye nezinye izinto.

Ezi klasi sonwabe kakhulu, bona musa nkqu efana yemifuniselo, kodwa amaqhinga ngokoqobo. Iimagnethi run ngayo omnye komnye, okanye ngolunye uhlobo, kumacala ahlukeneyo, basondela emoyeni, ngapha itafile, iphepha okanye ilaphu. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo abantwana umdla kwinto yokuba iintsimbi abakhuselekanga kule experiment injongosenzi kwakhona nganxanye ukufumana iimpahla zazo.

Ground. Isanti, kunye nodongwe

Uxoxa iimfano neeyantlukwano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, ukuvakala kwayo, iimpawu, ukwakheka, iindlela ukusetyenziswa kwabantu. Icandelo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo nesanti (umlambo, ulwandle, ezinkulu, ezincinane, ikalika, ulwakhiwo) kunye nodongwe (otyheli, obomvu, omnyama, oluhlaza, omhlophe, zomdongwe, unyango kunye njalo njalo. D.). AMAGQABAZA ▸ songanyibilikisswa emanzini, ohluzwe, amanani ulisebenzisa kuquka baphonononge isiphumo.

umoya

Utitshala wazisa abantwana ukuba iimpawu umoya, indima yayo abantu yaye zonke izinto eziphilayo. Eyona ndlela icace kakhulu ukufunda le nto iya kuba iibhaluni. Kwakhona zibonisa ukuhamba amaribhili umoya, Lutho, iintsiba kunye nezinye izinto ukukhanya. Wena andiswele nto ongaqhelekanga - nkqu iibhola umqhaphu okanye zizixwenga iphepha inyama unako ukukhonza le njongo.

Njengoko njengenxalenye yezifundo ngomxholo baphathwa ubunzima umoya ratio kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo: liphume yafudumala phezulu kunye yehlele ezibandayo.

Ilanga kunye nendawo

Utitshala unika abantwana ukuqonda kokuqala kwenkqubo solar, isakhiwo sayo, ukuba neeplaneti lalingu ngaphezu kokuba kwizikolo ezikude kakhulu ukusuka kwiziko. Apha uyakwazi ukuthetha namakroza, kuquka ubhalo lwabo fanekisela. Abantwana bazibone nabo abahambi isithuba abakuwe weightlessness.

ugesi

Umbane njenge uhlobo olulodwa amandla kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngayo - yiloo umxholo kwale seshoni. Abantwana ukukhumbula dwelisa zonke izixhobo zombane ekhaya kunye zokudlala abanazo, kwaye ucinge azigqogqayo. Ngokwahlukeneyo ukhankanye ingozi umbane, leyo "sisebenze ngokusebenzisa iingcingo", kunye nokuphathwa kakuhle yonke into enxulumene nayo.

Umbala nokukhanya

Ngexesha isifundo abantwana baya kufunda yintoni na umbala, njengoba kuvela xa ku vangama ka imitha ukukhanya ethile. It wazisa ingqiqo spectrum, leyo singayizekelisa ngokusekelwe nomnyama.

isiphelo

Phambi kokuba uqale, okanye liceba nasiphi na isifundo, kufuneka icace malunga yintoni umphumo kufuneka wozisa ukufundisa esi sifundo. Nokuhlola kwiqela wokulungiselela Dow kungekho ngaphandle. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba utitshala - ukufundisa abantwana ukuba bacinge ngokwabo, ukuba benze izigqibo, ukuqonda ulwalamano unobangela kunye nesiphumo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba zonke izifundo, yaye nokufunda ngamnye kuthi ebomini.

Asinako ngoyaba inxalenye yokuziphatha yenkqubo yemfundo. Kubalulekile ukufundisa abantwana ukuthanda emvelo esondeleyo kubo, ubuchule kunye nomnqweno balondoloze yokusulungeka ukuba bahloniphe inviolability.

kids Namhlanje, abafundi iqela wokulungiselela - sisizukulwana ubomi, ukwakha, ceba balithande kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baya enze iinkumbulo ebuntwaneni, yintoni na izigqibo zabo leyinene ezingqongileyo.

umsebenzi ootitshala basenokunikwa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi tuners izixhobo zomculo, benza ngayo, kwaye uncuthu liya kulila ixilongo imiphefumlo zobuntwana kunye nekamva lethu sonke.