Baphi amaNdiya e ngexesha lethu?

AmaNdiya yaseMelika ibali elikhethekileyo kabuhlungu. yokuvelela lwayo usendleleni yokuba bakwazi ukusinda ixesha yeentlawulo kwelizwekazi ngabantu baseYurophu. Le ntlekele edityaniswe kwi ungquzulwano phakathi amaNdiya nabamhlophe. Phezu kwayo yonke le nto, imbali yabantu Indiya izele nethemba, ngenxa yokuba, baphulukene isabelo ingonyama ngayo kumazwe zooyise, basinda ize igcinwe bangoobani. Namhlanje, ke abemi yinxalenye eUnited States.

Umbuzo iphambili nqaku: amaIndiya uhlala phi? Khondo lo labemi inokulandwa kumazwekazi ezimbini. amagama amaninzi kwi-US zinxulunyaniswa aba bantu. Umzekelo, Massachusetts, Michigan, Kansas kunye like.

A isuntswana imbali, okanye amaIndiya ezibizwa

Ukuze siqonde amaNdiya ahlala apho, kufuneka akhethe ukuba ungubani na. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala baseYurophu afunda ngayo kubo kwinkulungwane ye-15 emva kwexesha xa Hristofor Kolumb bekhangela le awayesibawela India zifika elunxwemeni America. Navigator nangoko wabiza abantu basekuhlaleni amaNdiya, nangona njengezwekazi eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke igama ntshunxekile kwaye yaba eqhelekileyo ukuba iintlanga ezininzi ukuba imiwe kulamazwe ezimbini.

Xa abeLungu bafumanisa nezwekazi i Yehlabathi Elitsha, kumakhulu nezizwe zamaNdiya babehlala apha iminyaka emalunga nama-30 amawaka. BaseYurophu ezisanda kufika baqalisa ukuba bathabath 'abantu zemveli embindini kweli lizwe, elifumileyo intsimi elimiweyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe izizwe saqhutywa kufutshane ezintabeni.

inkqubo Ugcino

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iMelika iye njalo olundwendwe baseYurophu, ukuba umhlaba simahla amaNdiya ekhohlo. Ukuze siqonde amaNdiya ahlala apho, ufanele wazi ukuba bezigciniwe. Eli lizwe, kakuhle olungele ulimo, apho amaNdiya khutshelwa ngaphandle. Ukuhlala kwindawo phantsi kwezivumelwano kunye ndoda abamhlophe, ukuze afumane izinto. Noko ke, kwaba kuphela ngamazwi.

yinto embi le yokukhwela xa abantu bomthonyama ngamnye urhulumente eyabelwe leendima 160 zomhlaba. I amaNdiya esingayilungisanga ukuzibandakanya kwezolimo, ukongeza ukuba akafanelekanga kulo mhlaba. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ngo-1934 amaIndiya walahlekelwa kwisithathu ilizwe labo.

mkhumbi entsha

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane lokugqibela, i-Congress US yenze amaNdiya. Yaba ukuqina enkulu phambili ngokuphathelele kuxolelwano phakathi kwezizwe, nangona kunokuba emva kwexesha.

Indawo apho uhlala khona American wamaNdiya, ngokwabo, amaMelika baba nomdla hayi ngokwemiqathango ingeniso, kodwa ngokwemiqathango lemveli lenkcubeko karhulumente. EUnited States kukho umoya neqhayiya ukwahluka abemi balo. Abantu abaninzi babe nomnqweno ukubuyekeza inzala kwamaNdiya impatho sikweni, ebe zichatshazelwe izinyanya zabo.

Apho AmaNdiya ubomi?

KwamaNdiya bahlala kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili geographical. Kukuba Intshona Melika kunye Latin America. Ukunqanda uphazamiseko, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Latin America - nto nje Umzantsi Melika, kodwa Mexico kunye nenani iziqithi.

Okulandelayo, indawo yokuhlala iya ingxelo ngokwahlukileyo ngamnye kwimimandla zejografi.

Kummandla zokuhlala e Intshona Melika

Baphi amaNdiya e North America? Le ndawo geographical wenziwa kwamagunya ezimbini ezinkulu - eUnited States naseKhanada.

Iingingqi amaNdiya ophilileyo:

• ezindaweni sehlathi;
• kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni emantla-ntshona yinxalenye kwelizwekazi;
• California - urhulumente edumileyo, amaNdiya ahlala kuyo;
• kumzantsi-mpuma yinxalenye United States;
• indawo ye Great Plains.

Ngoku kucacile ukuba amaNdiya ahlala apho, imifanekiso leyo lucaciswa kule nqaku. Kuhleli ngokumbonisa ukuba bonke abakwenzayo kumazwe abo ekulobeni, ukuzingela, indibano, vydelyvaniem uboya ezixabisekileyo.

Isiqingatha kwamaNdiya namhlanje bahlala kwizixeko ezikhulu nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni lonke eUnited States. Enye inxalenye ubomi reserve federal.

AmaNdiya California

Xa usiva umbuzo, apho zihlala cowboy namaNdiya, ngabokuqala ezithi qatha California. Oku kungenxa nje kuphela westerns, kodwa ne-manani. Ubuncinane ngokunxulumene amaNdiya.

Eli nani likhulu wamaNdiya uhlala eCalifornia. Oku kungqinwe kubalo kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo. Kakade ke, inzala ka amaNdiya kulo mmandla lemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo.

njani ukuphila abemi zomthonyama yezwekazi California? Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uninzi lwabo baye balahlekelwa ulwazi lwabo lolwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kwama-70% musa ukuthetha nayiphi ngaphandle IsiNgesi ulwimi. 18% kuphela ezi kakuhle ngolwimi lwabantu bakhe, kwakunye sikarhulumente.

California AmaNdiya amalungelo zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Kodwa abaninzi kubo ungayisebenzisi. imfundo Secondary kufumana malunga ne-70% yabantwana zeentsapho Indian kunye isidanga seBachelor -% 11 kuphela. Amaninzi, abantu zomthonyama inxaxheba kumsebenzi wenkonzo okanye ezolimo. Phakathi kwazo kukho kwakhona ipesenti ephezulu ngqesho ngokunxulumene ne-avareji.

Inxalenye yesine California amaIndiya wahlala ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko. amakhaya abo badla ngokuba kungekho manzi amdaka iinkqubo esebenzayo, abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba siphila kwiimeko imxinwa kakhulu. Nangona ngaphezu kwama-50% kusekho izindlu zabo.

Kukho e California, kunye izabelo zamaNdiya. Ngowe-1998, inkundla wabavumela abantu bomthonyama ukubukela kunye wemidlalo. Le imvume evela kwabasemagunyeni yaba luloyiso ebalulekileyo. Kodwa ke kwakungekho ngenxa yokuba, ukuba ukubalaselisa nesimo sengqondo esihle amaNdiya, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ummandla phantsi komqathango ngazo inxaxheba wobugcisa njengesiqhelo. Urhulumente wathabatha eli nyathelo ukunika abantu ithuba lokufumana imali ebomini, yokwenza ukungcakaza.

Ukongeza kwezi umnyinyiva, izabelo e-California urhulumente zabo, iinkundla, imizimba zokunyanzelisa umthetho. Abayi belungisa imithetho State of California ukunika inkxaso-mali karhulumente kunye nezibonelelo.

Kummandla zokuhlala in Latin America

Kukho iqela kwamaNdiya abahlala e-Latin America. Apho amaNdiya ngoku siphila kulo mmandla wejografi, bona ngezantsi:

• lonke Latin America, ekhaya yamaMaya, Aztec, nabo ababehlala kuMbindi Merika phambi kokufika baseYurophu;
• eyahlukileyo ezivame amaNdiya Amazon, ezahluke engqondweni yabo ethile kunye neziseko;
• AmaNdiya Patagonia and Pump;
• abemi zomthonyama Tierra del Fuego.

Emva koko, akukho ezisitheleyo likhaya amaMaya amaNdiya. Ba kuphuhliso lwabo ngundlovu kakhulu yaye imeko yabo Landelelanisa kakuhle ngaphambi kokufika abaMhlophe.

Impendulo elula, apho amaNdiya bahlala ngexesha lethu, kunzima kakhulu. Abaninzi babo banamathele izithethe zabo, amasiko, bahlala kunye. Ke kaloku into eninzi yabo kwafuneka aphile njengezininzi AmaMelika, ndizilibala nkqu ulwimi abantu bakhe.