Nokwenziwa eziphilayo - yintoni na le nto? Imizekelo nokwenziwa kunye dissimilation endalweni

Nokwenziwa eziphilayo - inkqubo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa yokuba esiphilayo. Yintoni na? Masithi nidle isidlo namhlanje, ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo othile wamandla. Kodwa ngaba ukhe wacinga ukutya njani kwipleyiti kwiseli? Wakuba into etyiwayo, umzimba wakho uqalisa ukubola ukutya ngexesha ukwetyisa, ukufunxa izondlo isasaze ukuba iiseli ngexesha nokwenziwa, apho kusetyenziswa ukukhula kunye nokulungisa.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwesidlo?

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na yokwetyiswa nokwenziwa eziphilayo, makhe siqale sijonge indlela ukwetyisa ukutya eqhelekileyo. Khawucinge oku njengento cheeseburger. Ngexesha mastication kwenzeka maceration, ukugaya athe bolus isidlo, nto leyo ke waya kudlula emphinjeni ukuya emathunjini, nto leyo eye asidi olomeleleyo kunye nee-enzayim makayiqhawule bebodwa.

Carbohydrate kunye neeproteni (inyama kunye Bun) ziqala ukuba ukugaya ngaphambi nabani na. Ngaphezu koko, amathumbu amancinane, amafutha (isonka samasi) uqale ukuyisonga zamacandelo zawo ekuthiwa okunamafutha asidi. Okwangoku, cheeseburger nokugaya zigqityiwe. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukufunxa izondlo emzimbeni wakho yamkelwe.

Nokufunxwa izakhi

Nokufunxwa izondlo oluqhutywa emathunjini amancinci, nto leyo unikwe lugs ezincinane, ezo zibizwa ngokuba microvilli. Ezi seli ezibalulekileyo athabathe nezakhi emathunjini kunye ezimpontshelwa kwindawo igazi, ezisa ukuba umzimba. Ukuze siqonde le nkqubo, makhe sijonge ngqo kangakanani ukutya silambile.

Ngexesha carbohydrate equlethwe Bun hamburger, ukufikelela emathunjini amancinane, ukuba ziba iswekile, eyaziwa ngokuba glucose. Microvilli ziqulathe iimpompo ezincinane uyifince evela sayo isisu, kwaye bafudukela zaso epithelial. Noko ke, ukuba iswekile wenza ukuba wonke umzimba, kufuneka singene egazini. Elinye icala iiseli wamathumbu epithelial inomnye impompo, olawula i-glucose imithambo yegazi ezingqonge emathunjini.

glucose eninzi kakhulu egazini kungabangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ngoko inxenye yayo ithe yanikezelwa kwesibindi ngenxa zokugcina. Iiseli kulo mzimba kubalulekile ukugcina iswekile abangaphezu kwemfuneko njengoko glycogen. Ukusuka apho, iswekile iya kusiwa kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba, ezisebenzisa ngayo ukudala amandla yeselula okanye ATP, kufuneka ahlangabezane nazo zonke iimfuno iiseli kunye nenyama xa iyonke. Izondlo - akukho nto kuphela ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze umzimba wahlala usempilweni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ke inani elaneleyo lamanzi.

Nokwenziwa eziphilayo - yintoni na le nto?

Ukufunxeka begazi ludibaniso iinkqubo ezimbini, ngexesha apho iiseli zinikelwe izondlo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya kukufakwa weevithamini, iiminerali kunye nezinye amachiza ukusuka ukutya. Xa abantu, oku kwenziwa nge (ihlafuna ngomlomo kunye nesisu ukucofa) ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuthotywa iikhemikhali (enzyme asidi). Inkqubo yesibini ekuthiwa bioassimilation, kukho utshintsho imichiza kwezinto egazini, esibindini okanye cell netuwa.

Nokwenziwa kunye dissimilation eziphilayo

Dissimilation eziphilayo yinkqubo yokubola oganikhi khompawundi (iiproteni, amafutha, carbohydrate t. D.) On into elula. Ubunye nokwenziwa kunye dissimilation lunika utshintshiselwano mba kunye namandla, nto leyo elilitye lembombo wobomi kwaye inika uhlaziyo rhoqo kwezinto eziphilayo wonke umjikelo wobomi kumzimba bakhe.

Dissimilation yezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo

Dissimilation izityalo ngundoqo nethe lwenani kweenkqubo, kuquka nokuphefumla kunye glycolysis. Ukukhutshwa kwe-eneji esetyenzisiweyo kunye Ngenxa yale nkqubo kuyimfuneko ngobukho imiqondiso ebalulekileyo. Phakathi imveliso yokugqibela dissimilation ephambili indawo ekuhlala ngamanzi, igesi carbon dioxide kunye ammonia.

Ukuba izilwanyana ezi mveliso ngexesha yokugcina ume ngaphandle, i-carbon dioxide yezityalo (hayi ngokupheleleyo) kunye ammonia asetyenziswa biosynthesis kwezinto eziphilayo kwaye nezinto ekrwada ukuba ukufunxeka. Ngamandla iinkqubo dissimilation kwezityalo kuyahlukana nedlela ibakala ontogeny kunye ephilayo kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto eziliqela.

Imizekelo nokwenziwa eziphilayo

Lo mthombo uphambili amandla bonke ubomi emhlabeni yi radiation elanga. Zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe autotrophic kunye heterotrophic. iqela lokuqala - ikakhulu izityalo eluhlaza, ekwaziyo njengokuguqula amandla unyulu ukusuka elangeni kwaye ifotosinthesisi bafumane oganikhi khompawundi evela izinto ezingaphiliyo.

Ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngaphandle kwezinye Cya ikwazi ukufumana amandla ngokusebenzisa ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukuba ukugaya mba eziphilayo sele endiyibumbileyo, isetyenziswe njengomthombo wamandla okanye noshowo akha imizimba eziphathekayo. A ixesha xa kukho nokwenziwa kakhulu esebenzayo kunye olunzulu eziphilayo - lo usemncinane yezilwanyana kunye xesha lokukhula kwezityalo.

Nethe: umanyano iinkqubo ezimbini

Lokugaya Ubunye iinkqubo ezimbini: nokwenziwa kunye dissimilation. Ekufundeni le udibaniso iinkqubo nokudalwa izinto eziphilayo: Ukufunyanwa kwezinto abangena kumzimba ukusuka kokusingqongileyo, ukuyilwa iikhemikali ezimbaxa ngakumbi lula njalo njalo. Nokwenziwa eziphilayo - inkqubo apho iiseli besebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo senziwa similise into ephilayo. Dissimilation - ukutshabalala mba, ukubola, ukuthotywa kwezinto kwiinkcubeko iseli ophilileyo, xa iikhompawundi ezithile leeprothini. Nokwenziwa (imizekelo kwindalo - photosynthesis, nitrogen nitrogen komhlaba, ukufunxeka sokondla ngexesha ukwetyisa) kunye dissimilation kuhlangene. Wabagagamela iinkqubo lalikhatshwa ukwaphulwa ukwanda, nto leyo, zabangela nokwenziwa.