Novodvorskaja - ngubani na yena? Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna. Novodvorskaja: biography

Abantu abaninzi kuluntu lwanamhlanje aqalile ukuthatha nomdla kubomi kwezopolitiko kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi ngokubanzi. Enye into ebalulekileyo kule ndawo Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Sele emininzi iminyaka, iingqondo emininzi baxhalabile umba, apho sizama ukuqonda. Ngoko: Novodvorskaja - ngubani na yena yintoni eyenza lo mfazi?

Ulutsha Heroine yethu

Valeriya Novodvorskaya - sezopolitiko, a itshantliziyo nenkani, melo-nye. Yena wazalwa May 17, 1950 e Belarus, Baranovichi. Zofuzo lo mfazi ukususela ekuzalweni ngegazi yabavukeli, ngenxa yokuba kwakukho abalweli ezininzi kwintsapho yakhe. Biography Novodvorskaia izaliswe imibuzo emininzi kunye iimfihlelo apho Valeria Ilinichna waza wamisela ukuba kwixesha elizayo ukuzithelekisa kunye revolution nemazi American. Nangona sonke siyazi ukuba intsapho Novodvorsky kunye ukhokho kunye nomkhulu abemi revolution-nye nonke, Valeria uthi yena wakhulela kwintsapho abaziingqondi, kwaye elidlulileyo ayinayo nangayiphi na indlela abachaphazelekayo obujonga ngayo ubomi.

Uyise wayengusosayensi, kunye nomama wakhe wayesebenza ugqirha, oko kukuthi, babambe isikhundla eburhulumenteni. Kwiminyaka 17 Valeriya Novodvorskaya (ifoto umfana ungabona ekhohlo) wangena Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages ukuba ukufunda ulwimi French yaye ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuthetha ngokuchasene ulawulo lweSoviet kunye eSoviet Union liphela.

Novodvorskaja umfana wayonwabile ebomini esebenzayo kakhulu kwezopolitiko, iye apho ke wasuka wawohlwaya ngaphezu kanye. Ngenxa yokuba izenzo zakhe, yena wabanjwa ngowe-1969 kwaye kunyanzeleke ukuba bafumane unyango kwizibhedlele zabagula ngengqondo. oogqirha Russian wabeka isigulo sakhe, ezifana clinical kunye schizophrenia. Kodwa oku, Kakade ke, akazange ayeke. Xa yoma zenkulungwane esidlulileyo iinzame ukuhlela iqela phantsi komhlaba, ukuba alwe ekhoyo ngelo xesha yi ulawulo lwamaKomanisi.

La mava yokuqala nkqubo Valerii Novodvorskoy

Kwiminyaka 27, nangoku uyakwazi ukufumana imfundo ngokuhlwa kwisebe lephondo zokufundisa University eMoscow. Kakuhle ekubeni iilwimi zasemzini, Novodvorskaja Valeria Ilinichna iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yena wayesebenza ngumguquleli, ukwenza iinguqulelo zoncwadi ngugqirha kwisikolo sezonyango. Ngeli xesha, amaxesha bakhe abathathu babekwa ityala ze anti-eSoviet kunye nemizamo yayo indefatigable kweli cala. Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe elide elayibrari MOLGMI Novodvorskaja ngokufuthi wabonisa isimo sabo ukuba amandla. Beloba amaphetshana ezahlukeneyo slogans buvuvu, wayenza indlela yayo eya microphone elephuza amagwebu ekhala malunga nkqubo engalunganga koogunyaziwe Soviet. Kuba ezi zenzo nangoko Valery Ilinichnu uyagxothwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo amanqaku, nkqu wabanjwa.

Ukudala iqela lezopolitiko

Noko ke, nangona ezahlukeneyo ziphazamise endleleni, Valery kunceda ukudala iqela lezopolitiko ebizwa ngokuba "Democratic Alliance", ixesha elininzi beqhuba iintlanganiso ezahlukahlukeneyo eziye nkqu sele igunya, yaye akukho xesha walibala ngabasemagunyeni. Inkqubela e Novodvorskaia kunye nezityholo malunga sisithuko kawonke Mihaila Gorbacheva, uMongameli we-USSR. Emva kokuba ngokuwa Union of Soviet Socialist, amaxesha amaninzi wazama ukubaleka kuba State Duma, kodwa ezi kwazanywa aziphumelelanga. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni iqela 'Democratic Union of Russia "yaye enye abaxhasi yokuqala Federation omtsha Russian uMongameli Boris Yeltsin. Ngo-1994 waqalisa ukuqinisekiswa olungenasiphelo lwemisebenzi yayo, njengokuba kumanqaku bakhe kumaphephandaba ezahlukeneyo, wayeqhuba ekuhleni ze imfazwe yamakhaya yaye wazama phemba ungquzulwano phakathi kohlanga.

Kwaye ngoku nombono umdla: Novodvorskaja ngubani le ngokwemiqathango ofisi yomtshutshisi, leyo amaxesha amaninzi wabazisela ityala lolwaphulo lo mfazi? Lo mfazi - a lucky oyinyaniso ebomini, kuba emva kokuba imincili yaloo matyala Bewacima ngokukhawuleza, kuba kubonakele ku ngezenzo zakhe kube ubugebengu.

iimbono Political Valerie Ilinichny

Novodvorskaja, ogama engobomi iqulethe ukuphikisana ezininzi ezingenasigxina, iqwalasela ngokwakhe silinene azinikele kwaye ixhasa imbonakalo Koloni ebomini. Ingaba kukho iqela okukhulu yobukomanisi, isebuncinaneni bayo ngokuba "antisovetchitsey oselula". Valeriya Novodvorskaya kakubi kakhulu silungiselelwe njengomgunyaziswa mihla kwi Russian Federation kunye abasemagunyeni eSoviet, azibize waqhekeza lethu kwilizwe likaxakeka, leyo ziziqhoboshi lonke ihlabathi nazo zonke izinto ezintle ngaye. Ethetha kwezinye iincwadi, Valery uphika isimo sakhe sengqondo liberalism kunye nedemokhrasi. Waziphilisa ngexesha Estonia kunye Latvia kumThetho oYilwayo, apho wayelele phantsi ucalulo lwabantu Russian abathetha kula mazwe.

Kwakhona indima ebalulekileyo intetho yezopolitiko Novodvorskaia idlala ibinzana amalungelo oluntu, ingcamango ezendeleyo ngamnye kuthi, enyanisweni, musa ukuthembela yonke into, kodwa "abantu ephucukileyo" kuphela. Ewe, kwaye ingqiqo ka "idemokhrasi" linyanzela intsingiselo yayo, oko kukuthi alizithathi idemokhrasi amandla abantu abaninzi kweli lizwe kwaye ukholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka iqela elincinane labantu babambelele nemibono.

Uluvo kukuba oku, ngathi, umfazi ngemvelo kuswela ngokupheleleyo ingqiqo nosizi novelwano. Xa kuthelekiswa kuqhuma zenyukliya 1945 ngomhla kummandla izixeko Japanese ka iHiroshima Nagasaki Novodvorskaja wavakalisa ukuba ukonwaba Japan. Ngenxa ngenxa yoko ilizwe baqonda ngokwayo phantsi kwezopolitiko, oko kukuthi okwangoku kwikomkhulu, isihlalo iphambili kumazwe asixhenxe ehlabathini, inayo benkululeko yayo iPalamente. Yena bayazithanda Melika njengegunya omkhulu kwaye uthi Japan kufuneka ndinombulelo iinqwelomoya American owatshabalalisa imizi emibini. Oku kungenxa yokuba umkhosi US izama ukunqanda ukutshatyalaliswa Japan njengelizwe, kuba kokuba iqaliswe kungena enzonzobileni of the Ages Aphakathi, kodwa isiphelo ukufumanisa ukuba ibe lelinye lamazwe eziphambili ehlabathini kunye noqoqosho enkulu kwinqanaba eliphezulu yempucuko.

Valeriya Novodvorskaya and liberalism

A Novodvorskaja ngowenyama ukuya benkululeko? Kwezinye imithombo oko ithi mxhasi ngayo zabo nefuthe kwezinye, phezu koko, akamkeli. Ebutsheni bowe-2009, Valery Ilinichna ecetywayo inesicwangciso esisesayo kuphuhliso liberalism eRashiya.

Ingongoma ephambili ukuqala sengqondo kakubi ngabantu balo kunye noluvo jikelele ukuba izityholo kwixesha elizayo ukuze wenze into nje abantu efanayo. Okwesibini, kufuneka ngokupheleleyo baqeqeshwe kumazwe Western nokumxelisa babo ubomi. Ngaphezu koko, izinga koqeqesho olulolu hlobo kufuneka kuhlala kangangeenkulungwane. Novodvorskaja ukholelwa ukuba ukongeza ilungelo lenkululeko kunye namalungelo oluntu abantu nantoni ingasafuneki. Abantu enye into kufuneka ukwamkela, ukuba bacele kurhulumente. Okwesithathu, utshintsho kwenziwa kunye nedemokhrasi. Idemokhrasi, amehlo UValerie, kuthetha igunya kwiqela bazi labantu ngokuqinileyo bakholelwa liberalism.

About Russia

Novodvorskaja ngubani lo iRashiya? eliqela onguNaphakade, akadinwa ukuhlala ngoxolo? Valeria bunikwa ngokunxulumene eRashiya kunye norhulumente Russian imbi kakhulu. Akakabi wakhe waziva nendelo, umsindo, nkqu ephathelele umntu yesiqhelo.

Evakalisa ingcamango yokuba bonke abantu besizwe Russian kufuneka entolongweni (hayi nje entolongweni, ezizezi "emele"), yena akoyiki kuyo nantoni na okanye nabani na. Ukholelwa Russia ngumhlaza yoMhlaba, kwaye Russian abathetha - kuwenza kulo lonke ihlabathi kwaye yandiswe ifikelele kwezinye amazwe. Nantsi into ecinga Novodvorskaja Russia - ilizwe apho udla ubomi.

Nakuba kunjalo, kukho iqela iingxelo zokuba kwayo Russian. Yena, Isimanga, iqwalasela yena umfazi Russian oyinyaniso, omnye ekhulwini abahlanu ungaze up. Aba bantu ukuba baphathe inkumbulo zabo nezithethe aseScandanavia. Ezinye sabaphilileyo kummandla Russian Federation, yena ufumana izidalwa, kukho nje ngaphantsi kwe ciliates. It uthelekisa labemi Russian kunye Dinosaurs, pterodactyls kunye iingwenya kwiingxelo zazo apho Novodvorskaja nto sinayo ibinzana kunye nokuboniswa sengqondo bakhe eRashiya. Ukongeza, ukuba nje belambile imfazwe Russian kwaye American namaphupho ukuba yokugqibela ugxeke eRashiya yaye ubeke Russian phezu kwendawo ukuba bafanelwe njengezinambuzane. Esinye sezizathu zokuba Novodvorskaja, engobomi eye amabala amnyama ezininzi, ukuzonda abantu Russian yaye yonke into enxulumene nayo, loo nto ibonisa elidluleyo lizwe lethu. Yena unika umzekelo zeziganeko ezenzeka ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi I, xa amagosa White Army zarhaxwa ngqo elwandle. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II NKVD elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo nezazi yiSoviet, yaye baqubuda ngamaYuda wakhe wathumela ekuthinjweni ngasentla. Zonke ezi zenzo ezinzile umphefumlo intiyo obungapheliyo umbuso eSoviet. Noko ke, yena bayazithanda amanye amazwe, ajike iliso iimfazwe zabo nokuhlasela, kwaye inkxaso kungenelelo zabo.

Novodvorskaja kwamanye amazwe

yezopolitiko udumo kunye flamboyant uxhasa yonke into ukuze bonakalise ubomi zabemi Russian kunye Russian Federation ukuba isusa zonke ebusweni kobasemhlabeni. Yena wayezithethelela ngokuqiniseka kunye nenkxaso abagrogrisi Chechen kunye separatists obeqhuba kuhlasela lonke ukuba athimbe abemi Russian. Xa batyityimbiselw isiqalo imfazwe eGeorgia ngo-Agasti 2008, kunye inzondelelo Ityhwatyhwa Novodvorskaja banconywe Saakashvili. Okwangoku Russia ononxibelelwano ezinzima Ukraine, kunye ubushushu Novodvorskaja ibongoze urhulumente Ukrainian ukuxhathisa ungumhlali Russian. Ukuba waba ithuba kwaye amandla, Valery Ilinichna, wathi yena, wayeza kuba kudala Wema umkhosi Ukrainian zeeteksi ecaleni ngabavukeli.

Novodvorskaja lo ubuzwe kunye inkolo yomntu

ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga ngubani na uhlanga Novodvorskaja Valery Ilinichna ndawo. Oyena akazange kupapasha kuyiphi ukuya inkolo ethile. Valeria uthi yena Russian, nangona wazalelwa Belarus. It izikhundla ngokwalo njengoko zamaKristu okwenyaniso. Emva kokufunda kule gqira ngenxa yeendaba ezilungileyo, Valeria injongo yabo, yaye bamkela ukholo lwamaKristu kuphela ekupheleni koo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo ingalandwa umva njengoko onqula amaYuda kwaye Awunakufihla indlela yokuba igama layo - yinto mbumbulu. Wavele, uyise wakhe, ungumYuda nje, ngokukodwa walitshintsha igama lakhe, babhala amaxwebhu ukuya ongenelelo of amaYuda ngoxolo ikhadi ukungena kummandla Melika, eNew York. Kodwa ke, ukuba uye kuhlala kwaSirayeli, lo mfazi akukho umnqweno. Yena uthi umthetho ongcwele kokubuya kwamaYuda kwilizwe lawo phezu abazukulwana kunye nabazukulwana ezinkulu kungekho zincwadi, ngoko, kwaye, kananjalo. Ekupheleni koo-, Valeria Ilinichna lamkela nobumi Georgian kwaye luxhaswe urhulumente Georgian. Ethetha ubuzwe loo mntu, Novodvorskaja ungawuqwalaseli umntu njengommeli wesizwe. Kwi imfuno yesizwe ukujonga xi nomntu omnye ephuma eluntwini, akanako ukunika umfanekiso ochanekileyo besekhaya abantu bayo. Musa ukuyifihla loo nto, Valeria Ilinichna bayazithanda kuphela eUnited States, obubangela kuphela nkqubo apho ubona ekuncedeni abantu abangasebenziyo kwaye zisetyenziswe tenxileyo ngokugqithisileyo ubungakanani ezinkulu kunokuba kufanele.

Personal Novodvorskaia impilo

Valeria Ilinichna iminyaka lomsebenzi lezopolitiko nga zokuthengisa lonke Russia, singatsho ukuba lonke uhlanga uyamzonda. Ke kulula kakhulu ukuba isicelo yaye oku inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na impikiswano yepolitiki, lingenandaba ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba atshicelwe izimvo zabanye. Ngokutsho bengqondo ezininzi, esona sizathu siphambili ngayo loo ndlongo nonxunguphalo ebomini bakhe. Novodvorskaja, ukuphila kwabantu akukho zimfihlo, ngokuba akukho nje akukho mabango ezinjalo ukuba ubomi bakhe akakaze ebhedini indoda, ngoko kusekho enyulu '64 yam. Valeria izama yonke ukungqina ukuba akakukhathalele ngokupheleleyo ulonwabo yehlabathi, ubudlelwane eziqhelekileyo babantu nobomi ngesondo, uluntu eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuzolileyo izizathu etyhola ezopolitiko Russian kunye norhulumente Russian, ulubuyisa intetho yakhe isigqebelo undisguised kunye ulunya. Ngokutsho abantu abaninzi emhlabeni ubomi bakhe buqu Novodvorskaia na eshukumisa abanye ukuba umthande ngokwabo, ukuba esixhotyiswe ngokukodwa ukuqwalasela abanye nxamnye. Yena ufumana kule unonelele kuyinyaniso kwaye yanelisekile ngokupheleleyo ubomi babo.

Noko ke, kusekho umntu owabonisa uvelwano oku kungenakugqithwa, ngeliphandle, hayi ubuhle - oku umhlobo wakhe, umhlobo kwi ezepolitiki, umncedisi Borovoy uKonstantin Natanovich (ngasekhohlo kwifoto - kunye Novodvorskaja Borovoy). Kodwa akukho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwabo kwakungenjalo. In Borovoy unomfazi, neentombi ezimbini kunye nabazukulwana abathathu, ngokunjalo Novodvorskaja, ngokutsho kwakhe, mna andizange avunyelwe ngokwakhe ukutshabalalisa ithamsanqa intsapho yabo. Ngoko ke, umngeni ukuchaneka amagama ntumbuluko ye Novodvorskaia akekho omnye. Kwaye, kwakhona, ngokutsho ezininzi UValerie, sex - nto intle uyadika, kodwa ngubani na olaziyo inyaniso? Xa ingxoxo yakhe Valery Ilinichna athe wamtshabhisa KGB kwaye uthi ukuba abasemagunyeni eSoviet yabulibala ithuba ukutshata, azale neqela abantwana kwaye ube ngumama nenkosikazi eyonwabileyo. Novodvorskaia indoda andazifumana yonke le minyaka. Uthi Valery, ungaze ebomini bam akazange ayithande nawuphi na umntu, kanti ukuba nokuba Sinovuyo ukuba, njengokuba umntu angakwazi ukuvana.

Novodvorskaja ngoku

• Okwangoku Valeriya Novodvorskaya na ukuphila kwethu kwezopolitiko ngakumbi kunasebutsheni yakhe. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje imisebenzi zopolitiko njengoqinisekiso zakhe beva ukuba umzabalazo wayo kwangethuba idemokhrasi waba lizingela isicwangciso ubuqhophololo ekhonkcwe kwisiqu indlela wayesiya kwinjongo yakhe kuphela.
• Yena intatheli emangalisayo kwi efanayo ixesha inxaxheba kwezemfundo, ubhala iincwadi. Ekunye nomhlobo wakhe uKonstantin Borovoy yi iividiyo rhoqo apho baxoxe ezopolitiko ehlabathini, kodwa ukususela kwinqanaba ucinga ngentshutshiso nolwalathiso pro-Western kuphela.
• Okwangoku kumabonakude Novodvorskaya zingabonakala kunqabile kakhulu, ekubeni wayeka ukumenywa yonke.
• Valeria Ilinichna kuzizela lula ukunxibelelana IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi, kwaye uyazi Latin, Italian, kunye nesiJamani.
• Phi Novodvorskaja, eyaziwa ukuba bonke. Kodwa kukholelwa yena uhlala cwaka kwidolophu encinane kufuphi Moscow, ebizwa Kratovo ngaphezu bendawo akawuthandi kakhulu.