Orleans, France: ezeMbali kunye izinto

Orleans, France - omnye imizi yamandulo yangaphambili ngoxa yesibini ngobukhulu kweli lizwe, uloyiso odumileyo phezu IsiNgesi, leyo ekhokelwa odumileyo uJoan of Arc. Ngoku lo mzi waba mveliso, iwayini kunye nesiqhumiso iziko enkulu France. Itsala abakhenkethi kunye nembali lwalo ezikhumbuzo bokwakha.

imbali Orleans

Wabaseki mizi zezizwe Gauls, eyakha njengendlela izibuko Loire River, kwaye isetyenziswe njengeziko kwezoqoqosho kunye nothutho eFransi. Noko ke, ngo-52 BC. e. ukuba yatshatyalaliswa yimikhosi yamaRoma eyayikhokelwa Yuliem Tsezarem.

Ukuvuselelwa Orleans wathabatha iminyaka 200, xa beza amandla, umlawuli Mark Avrely, emva koko wamnika igama Avrelianuma (1275). Eli gama sele 17, apho, ngenxa yeenguqu phonetic ngolwimi kokuba ufunde njengoko Orleans (France).

Emva kokuwa bamaRoma Avrelianum saba likomkhulu lobukumkani, nkqu embalwa iminyaka elikhulu - Njengekomkhulu duchy, obulawulwa Izihlobo French yasebukhosini.

Orleans nendawo wakhethwa ngenxa kufutshane ukuba iindlela zorhwebo umlambo apho iinqanawa kuziswa iimpahla France evela ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko, kakade kumhlaba owomileyo, bawela eParis, akhiwe km nje-100 ukusuka emzini.

Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, Orleans waye ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi ukuhlaselwa kunye iimfazwe, kwaye VI. eneminyaka engama-38 ubudala waba iziko yonqulo eli lizwe ngenxa amabhunga ebandla (Intlanganiso Ababingeleli) ebibanjelwe apha. Kangangexesha elithile emva kwisahlulo amakhosi isixeko karhulumente saba likomkhulu ubukumkani Orleans. Ekubeni X kulo. kucingwa umzi yesibini eFransi, kwindawo yesibini ebaluleke kuphela Paris.

Esinye sezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo ezenzeka ngenkulungwane XIII. - ukufunyanwa le yunivesithi, kangangokuba isixeko uba liziko yenzululwazi France.

Orleans kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX.

Ekhulwini XV. I Orleans yaba sisiganeko esikhulu, shiya umkhondo kwimbali France kunye England, kulapha engaphezu imfazwe konyaka-100 phakathi kwamazwe amabini enkosi amajoni, eyakhokela uJoan of Arc, ukuba ukuwina kule ngxabano, emva koko wamkela ngesiqu bale "Ntombi of Orleans" .

Omnye umhla ukhumbuleka kwimbali French, kodwa ezibuhlungu kakhulu - ngo-1572 kweso sixeko kwakukho Night a eSt nguBhartolomeyu, nto leyo eyaba imfazwe yokugqibela zonqulo phakathi Katolika Huguenot. Ngobunye ubusuku wafa apha ukufa phantse 1 amawaka. Huguenot.

Enye singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko abanamava 1870s, yaye kamva wayithimba ngumkhosi Prussia.

Buyisela amandla Bourbon ubukhosi

Ukuqala benkulungwane XIX. eli lizwe kuye iphawulwe ziintlekele ezinkulu umlando: emva kokuwa uNapoleon wabuyela igunya, indlu le Bourbons. Le nkqubo kwaphazanyiswa xa uNapoleon ubalekile Elba, apho nguye ekuthinjweni, ezama ukubuyela ngamandla. Noko ke, ngosuku-100 wobukumkani bakhe baphela ngokoyiswa ukuba lusizi imikhosi odityanisiweyo we England ne-Prussia kwi-Battle of eWaterloo. Emva koko, uNapoleon wathunyelwa St Helena.

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngo-1814 kwimbali yoBuyiso isigaba iqala eFransi kunye Bourbon Orleans. Ekuqaleni weza amandla Lyudovik xviii, ngoko - Charles X, bezise abazalwana bakhe, omncinane owabulawa ngowe-1792 ngexesha lokuqala French Revolution, uKumkani uLouis XVI. Elo xesha ke iba eziyimfihlo ezahlukeneyo kunye nesakhiwo, kuquka balandeli kukaNapoleon Republican amaninzi.

Lyudovik xviii yayisele ihambile iminyaka, yena zishiywe zingatshintshanga iKhowudi Civil kunye nesakhiwo solawulo karhulumente, xa oko kwamkelwa i-French siseko, bafaniswe IsiNgesi.

Charles X wayengenalo injongo ukukhuthaza Party ultra kwizithuba kurhulumente, kodwa ukususela ngo 1827, emva konyulo, waqalisa benkululeko ukufika emigubasini zolungiselelo. E France, i Bourbons kunye Orleans (8 iklasi ukufunda izifundo yembali) waye imeko okubangelwa nkqubo ezingachanekanga kurhulumente kunye ukunganeliseki abemi abaqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwenye revolution.

Revolution of 1830

Julayi 1830 kwaphawula revolution eParis, apho Charles X yabhukuqwayo, kwaye endaweni yayo ohleli yokugqibela French Korol Lui uPhilippe Mna, iNkosana Orleans (a isihloko ukuphathwa 1800).

France kunye Bourbon Orleans ukusuka Revolution ukuya ekupheleni kuka-1848 ngqo lo mgaqo-nkqubo yotshintsho lwe Charter (1830), apho wakhonza njengesiseko kokulingana yonqulo, i ngokuhlanganisa umthetho lonyulo kunye nokunciphisa kwempembelelo ubukhosi. Lui filipp kulo mba edume ngokuthi "ummi ukumkani". Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe kwalandelwa kozinzo kubomi bentlalo kweli lizwe, iziza ezininzi abachasi bakhe, imvukelo Republican, kwaye nkqu umzamo ubomi bakhe.

Indawo amahlwempu eFransi kunye Bourbon Orleans ukusuka revolution 1830 kwaye ayitshintshanga: emva uqoqosho kwi 1840s enkulungwane ukudodobala, baqala ukwandisa ngqesho, ukudinwa zabasebenzi baqhubeka. Ukususela ku-1846, uqoqosho lizwe liza ukudakumba, ekhatshwa izixholoxholo Sasungulwa. February 1848 yabalasela ulwakhiwo ngothango ezitratweni eParis kunye yombhodamo ezithandwayo, njengokuba ekuqaleni Republic Second. UKumkani Lui filipp wabalekela eNgilani, yena asiyeke.

Ukubuyisela Orleans emva kwemfazwe

Ngexesha Second World War isixeko kwixesha ukususela 1940 ukuya 1944 waye izandla amajoni amaNazi. Ngexesha lokukhululwa kwakhe, i-US Air Force ukuba ngokupheleleyo iziko isixeko ATM yatshabalala uninzi izakhiwo kunye ezikhumbuzo.

Ngoko ke, kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, izakhiwo ezininzi zakhiwa ngokungqinelana iiprojekthi ezindala kunye nemizobo lo gama kugcinwe isimbo, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo izibonelelo zothutho mihla.

Orleans, France ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Enye iisimboli zabemi bakholelwa Orleans UJeanne d'Arc, nto leyo kulo mzi malivakale njengegorha kunye uphumeleleyo, ngoko inkoliso ezinomtsalane isixeko lunikezelwe kuye.

Eyona Cathedral of Orleans (France) - St. Croix, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIV. ngokulinganisa Paris-Notre Dame. Kuye kwakhiwa kwisayithi kwetempile, apho uJoan of Arc yabhiyozelwa uloyiso nomkhosi kunye nabemi. Kwicala kwimpuma ye olungaphambili yetempile senziwe isimbo Gothic, entshona - in a Romanesque eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo,. Kwathi ngenxa yokuchithwa kwayo ngo-1568 abavukeli Huguenot. Ngexesha XVI-XIX iinkulungwane, le yecawa salungiswa, yintoni yena yazisa bezakhiwo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kunye abakhi. Eyona yakutshanje kwakhiwa intsimbi inyango, ukusuka apho, enkosi ukuphakama kwayo ka-80 m, Imbonakalo entle lonke umzi. iifestile iglasi nebala isonto zibonisa ibali lobomi intombazana asindiswe esi sixeko zokungqinga.

Kwi isikwere engundoqo kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo Martrois Ntombi of Orleans (nomkroli E. Fuat), kwaye hayi kude kuyo - imyuziyam yanikezelwa kuye ke. Le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe 1855 endaweni endala kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha revolution, ndoyilahla sekhe British lixesha ehonjiswe BAS-imikrolo obonisa imisebenzi Jeanne.

, который занимается сбором всех документов, которые имеют отношение к ее жизни. I Orleans ukususela 1974 kukho Centre of Joan ye Arc, eqokelela onke amaxwebhu anento yokwenza ebomini bakhe.

Orleans Museum

Enye ezinomtsalane mzi, kuphawulwa igama uJean d'Arc - ikhaya owayesakuba iNkosana Orleans, apho wahlala iintsuku eziliqela ngo 1429. Emva ngokutsha kukho imyuziyam imbali France, ekuthiwa yi "House of uJoan of Arc", nto leyo ibalisa Ntombi ubomi Orleans ukusuka ekuzalweni kwenye kwiidolophana Lorraine phambi kokuba abulawe. Omnye imiboniso emxelela malunga singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko ngo-1429, zinginginya imiboniso enikelwe Ages Aphakathi.

Museum Historical kunye Zakudala isebenza ukususela 1823 kwaye ibonisa abatyeleli ukufunyanwa ngexesha Gallo-Roman (ingqokelela zakudala ukusuka yeBronzi Age), yafunyanwa ngama abembi kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX., Njengokuba kwakunye sesichengeni ngamaXesha Aphakathi kunye Renaissance. I-museum wawubonisa ezahlukeneyo ngezandla kunye imikrolo. Oku zikwizakhiwo enye Kabyu, ngubani kanye ngokuba House of Diane de Poitiers.

Enye izakhiwo intle kwi Orleans (France) - Groslo sendawo, ukwakhiwa isimbo lika-Burgundy, "Towers 'ngenkulungwane XVI. umyili du Serso. Kuba kukho ixesha apho kwakuhlala uKumkani uFrançois II, kwaye ngexesha revolution ka-ofisi kasodolophu sasikhona. Le ngaphakathi kunye nempahla zishiywe zingatshintshanga.

Museum of Arts Fine lizisa imisebenzi iinkosi French kunye yaseYurophu yokudweba, ukukrola, ifanitshala kunye neempahla, kubandakanywa uthotho imisebenzi abaculi ka XVII-XIX eminyaka. iipasiteli (ingqalelo ingqokelela yesibini ngobukhulu emva Louvre). Kukho amagumbi lwezobuGcisa Nouveau kunye mihla, ngokufuthi zinginginya imiboniso.

Royal Bridge phezu Loire - yenye ezinomtsalane Orleans (France) - eyakhelwe ngokwemiyalelo King George-5, apho wayethanda ukuba ahambe aze onwabele umzi. Idibanisa kunxweme France mlambo mkhulu, ubukho oludityaniswe kunye nembali kunye noqoqosho zeli lizwe. ulutsha lwanamhlanje usebenzisa le ndawo ukuba ibe ukubethwa ngumoya ngokuhlwa ngenxa kumbindi wesixeko.

Museum Charles Peguy, inzalelwane Orleans, owaba yimbongi umbhali, ukuba ibekwe ipomakazi lendlu ezintle indlela Renaissance. Nazi umhlola yaye isebenza iimfihlelo zonqulo ephakathi isitayile.

Dataz of Arc e Orleans leholide

Holide yokuqala Orleans (France), elingcwele Joan of Arc, yayiququzelelwe siSixeko 1435, ngexesha apho iphambili kumdlalo "Ukungaziwa kokurhangqwa Orleans," iphinde izivelise kwakhona kanye zonke iziganeko. Yaba nokuba omnye kumaqabane ka-Joan of Gilles de Babehlala, ngokomkhethe ngemali yi yokusebenza. The main abalinganiswa - kumfana, kwaye engazigwagwisi, leyo ukhetha abemi kunye neHolo City.

Ukususela ngoko, nyaka ngamnye ngoMeyi 8, baba celebration umbindi umzi, ngaphandle zenziwa kuphela ngamaxesha eemfazwe zonqulo. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, abaqalise ukwenza utshintsho ezincinane, wongezelela abalinganiswa, yaqalisa umsitho we umhlola le rackets Virgin.

Ekhulwini XIX. ebudeni bolawulo uKumkani Lui Filippa kwathiwa iholide kazwelonke ukususela 1920 icawa kunye iholide kawonke ngoMeyi 8 ziye zadityaniswa.