Prison inqaba e Tobolsk, kunye nezinye Isihlwitha ezaziwayo-kakuhle entolongweni

Nawuphi inqaba entolongweni, nangona imbono ekuqaleni ephucukileyo kwaye nice, kubonakala limfiliba. amaphepha buhlungu kwimbali xa emhadini, lusetyenziswa lonke imbonakalo nefihlakeleyo lakhe elibi.

belusizi usisi

Umzekelo, yayingeyiyo French nqaba Conciergerie e Paris. Yakhelwe njenge yokuhlala kookumkani, waphambukela entolongweni enqabeni. Yaye 1793 jikelele wazuza igama njengoko entolongweni zobundlobongela eFransi. amabanjwa awo Marie Antoinette, Maksimilian Robesper, Emile Zola, Mata Hari. Kwaye koko engile ujonga kuyo na, kuthathwa njenge yokuhlala wookumkani nzima, qatha engqondweni ilizwi "entolongweni". Kwamenywa mizekelo: yayingeyiyo Chateau d'Ukuba, kunye Tower of Dover - zakhe ezinde IsiNgesi, cishe entolongweni ngaxeshanye zakhiwe nguWilliam koloyiso. Tower, emi phezu komlambo iThames, ngumbindi kwimbali London. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, yaba inqaba kunye ibhotwe, ezikhalini zetyeleba Observatory. Kodwa ke ukuqonda abantu abaninzi - oku entolongweni emnyama eLondon. Ludwe uyitshaje Inqaba Sant'Angelo kwiziko eRoma Austria "Bastille" Mukachevo nqaba "Palanok" yaye "Pearl of the ilahla aseMpumalanga - Tashkent Central. Ezi zakhiwo mahle ngokwenene, kodwa ubuhle mnyama yaye kunqabile ebangela uvuyo.

olungaphambili ahlukile

Xa ibinzana elithi "inqaba entolongweni" elide Inqununu "entolongweni, 'uze' isikrini". Amaninzi, ezi zakhiwo ekuqaleni wabelwe indima ezahlukeneyo, kodwa Inqaba e Tobolsk ukususela ekuqaleni wakhiweyo entolongweni. Yaye oko ke ngowe-1989, apho kuyo yadluliselwa polar Urals kwi-uhlobo lwedolophu Uhadi zokuhlala. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, akazange afune buhlungu. Mhlawumbi sele yonke ngebala? Tobolsk entolongweni inqaba (photo esiqhotyoshelweyo), ingakumbi engundoqo ngathi, ukuba akukho donga baye bonke sasifana yeqonga. Okanye ebhotweni neenkosi basekuhlaleni. Ewe, kwaye ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko.

yomthombo zobuchwepheshe

Kodwa ke, nangona ubuhle zangaphandle, ukuba omnye emnyama kwiintolongo Russian kwaye eSiberia - ezazo. Phakathi amabanjwa kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba weyisekile ukuba kungcono ukuya nzima, ngaphandle Tobolsk "krytku" (entolongweni zigutyungelwe), nto leyo odumileyo nkqu uhlobo kwindawo ekhethekileyo isohlwayo. Kwakukho "iqhosha lokulayita", "mnyama" kunye cameras "ezimanzi" ezazikho kuzo zonke iintolongo Russian. Kodwa ke zincediswe iiseli isohlwayo ezintsonkothileyo njenge "shushu", "iglasi", "mnenga" yaye "mnyama." Ngowe-mntu ukuhlala kuphela okanye kulala phantsi ngenxa iisilingi ephantsi, ngo "iglasi" - yima udonga kuphela plate "ashushu" yintolongo. Le nqaba entolongweni idume nxaniso yayo ukuncinwa ( "slingshot" yaye "chairs", "izihlangu" kunye "chain"). Ubonelela isohlwayo ezifana ibanjwa riveting eludongeni ixesha eliyiminyaka emi-5. Namakhamandela kunye namanye amabanjwa akukho shot eyaguqula umlenze yabantu uze wenze kube ukuluqonda. Mbaleki wayezimisele ngoko nangoko. Apha nibaxakaxe amabanjwa zabo ngendlela ekhethekileyo - kanye wayicheba isiqingatha intloko. Oku kwenziwa endle xa kwakunokwenzeka ukufunda abasindileyo entolongweni.

Isithuba mvelo enkulu

Tobolsk Central - page mfiliba imbali kuloo mzi, apho indawo yokuhamba xa igweba ezininzi. Tobolsk babeyifuna entolongweni entsha, banzi. Kwaye ngo-1838 e St. Petersburg, isigqibo malunga nokwakhiwa yale nqaba enkulu entolongweni sixeko. Le projekthi ephethwe yi-wezakhiwo wephondo Weigel. Kwagqitywa ukuba bazalise ukwakhiwa engama-4, ukuqala th-1841. Iithenda zokwakhiwa kunye nokuveliswa yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kwiphephandaba eyinkunzi, ezikhethiweyo ndawo yaye oko uyiphathisiweyo womzobi rasplanirovka Suvorov. Kutheni wakhethwa njengoko kumbindi wesixeko, ezizezi kumntla-ntshona ngohlangothi Cape Emnye? Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba inani kwepolitiki ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye ukongezelela Tobolsk indawo baba zento lokukulu - ukuhamba ukuya ekunene kweso sixeko. Okwesibini, apha, apha Tobolsk yesicelo, kwamiswa ngenxa sikhangelene eludongeni inqaba ezidilikileyo ngo-1782 kwaye ukudilizwa ezidilikayo ebezikade Emnye Church ngo Ngo1791-m isiza esifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, lamiswa injongo nangoko ibuye ibe enqabeni entolongweni Tobolsk yesicelo. Kwaye ngoku nokutsala engundoqo umzi - oku yonke inezakhiwo kwi Cape Emnye.

eSiberia phahla

igalelo into ixesha ilibele, Weigel watshintshelwa Perm, abayili ziye zatshintsha yaye wafika Inqanaba lokugqibela le-Umcebisi titular kunye umakhi Chernenko. Sele egqibile amaphiko ebezingalindelekanga abanelisekanga ukwamkelwa ikhomishini iisilingi eliphezulu - baya kuguquka. Ngaphakathi entolongweni kwakhiwa ezininzi izakhiwo, kuquka isibhedlele kunye ekhemesti kunye yocweyo izihlangu zokuthunga. Kungekudala emva koko, phakathi kwemisebenzi yokwakha, kwagqitywa ukwakha ibandla. Konke oku kulibazisa ithuba lokugunyazisa. Kwaye phezu 25 Novemba 1855 inqaba entolongweni (Tobolsk) kunye nebandla xa yamiselwa egameni Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Xa inyathelo namaxesha

Iindleko le into wokulondoloza imali 130 amawaka engange ngesiliva. Le entolongweni omkhulu - endaweni yayo wahambisa amagumbi amakhulu amane imigulukudu, oku kulandelayo ngakumbi eqongeni. Le entolongweni yakhiwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno ixesha kwindawo efana nale - kwaye isibhedlele avuyiswa Commission kunye yokubhaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, sazivula apha kunye nebandla. Kodwa V. G. Korolenko, ngubani wayetyelele apha ongumbanjwa kabini, wachaza zoyikekayo evalelwe ebalini lakhe "Yasha". Ngaphandle kwakhe kwakukho N. Chernyshevsky F. Dostoevsky, M. Petrashevsky kunye Solzhenitsyn, Fanny Kaplan.

sightliness ezikhohlisayo

Lonke Isakhiwo entolongweni iqulathe kwizakhiwo ezintlanu, apho, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, imbonakalo akuthethi ziyindawo entolongweni. Kunye yokwakha (Isakhiwo nigqibela indlela emva kwexesha Classical), apho amanye amanqaku basebenzisa Isichazi "ubuhle", yaye umbala ezintangweni kufuneka abulinganise ubunzima abantu balapha kukwazi ukuba eneneni kukho inkoloseko entolongweni (Tobolsk). Photo isicelo ukusuka ngezantsi zinikwe uthe ukubongwa.

Imiqathango nokuvalelwa amabanjwa, njengoko sele sibonile, aba zobundlobongela eSiberia. Entolongweni zaqalwa kwavuka njalo, inkulu kuzo kule minyaka-1907 no-1918.

ukufa umgibe

Kakade ke, kwakukho kusondele lokudlala lamabanjwa ngexesha ingcinezelo kaStalin yaba yindawo ekubulaweni kwenqwaba neyemingcwabo. Tobolsk complex, njengoko batshovo oosiyazi, uyiqwebe isixa esikhulu wamandla ezimbi, ngenxa yokuba amabanjwa Russian ebizwa ngokuba "ingcwaba" inqaba entolongweni. Tobolsk kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba iziko lolawulo kweli phondo, apho wazalelwa waza wahlala Geogy Rasputin - umntu, inzala leyo nto shwaka nobudala. Yesicelo komzi, kwi lomculo olubandakanya inqaba entolongweni, sancokola lenani eSiberia - kwinqaba iShushan ilitye kuphela Urals. Kwakhona ibe yeyona iphuma kweqonga kolu khuphiswano "7 Wonders of Russia".

"Iindawo okude kangaka" in South Palmyra

Of ezabelwe eli hlobo ingqalelo olungenamiqathango sisemthethweni, kwaye ngoku Odessa inqaba entolongweni. Isizathu sokuba ekwakhiweni kwayo isenguye - kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha, kabini inani amabanjwa. Esi sakhiwo, wakha ecaleni kwendlela Lustdorf nice ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ubuhle mnyama, nto leyo eyahlukileyo ukuya kwisakhiwo entolongweni, oko kukuthi izitshixo. Kwisayithi, linikezelwa kubaphathi-dolophu, ekhokelwa ngoko-iRhuluneli George Marazli, yayikufuphi mangcwaba lamaKristu. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa yi-Alexander O. Tomishko, ezakhiwe edume entolongweni St. Petersburg "zihlangane". Xa isiseko lokutshixa kwalo amelwe umnqamlezo, kunye kwinqaba central ngaphakathi. Zonke amaphiko ezinemigangatho-amane ezahlukeneyo abe emagumbini. Kunye iikona ezi zakhiwo wagcinwa evalelwe yedwa.

Le entolongweni mihla, kunye nesakhiwo esibhedlele ngenxa iibhedi ezilikhulu, nazo zonke iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, Foundry njalo njalo. Konke oku lwakhiwe ngezitena ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngowe-1895 e-Paris, inqaba entolongweni kunye eMoscow kuye kwaqatshelwa njengoko ilungileyo eRashiya. Kwakukho Leon noTrotsky, George Kotovsky kunye Mishka Jap.

ibandla Okokuqala, ke intolongo

Irkutsk inqaba Ijele elimangalisayo, kuqala iludonga lwamatye (1800) waqalisa ukwakha ibandla. Kuye babeka phezu kwesango engundoqo yaye yamiselwa Bishop bakaBhenjamin 1803 imbeko Boris kunye Gleb. Balakha kwiminikelo zabantu. Icawa imilo ngomzimba kunye olinganise ekunene, inqaba intsimbi wamnika inqaba. ngo-1857 ukuya baqale ukwakha le nqaba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le projekthi sele evunyiweyo uSodolophu I. I. Shats izilungiso. Kuye kwacetyiswa ukuba ukongeza iinkonzo eziyimfuneko - leebhate zeoli, amakhitshi kwi inani efunekayo nendlu umnakekeli. Enye isilungiso ubonelela zokwakha indawo ngakumbi zonke izakhiwo, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwakha kumgangatho wesibini wesakhiwo engundoqo, leyo livunyelwe ukuba ukwakha indlu eyahlukileyo umnakekeli. Nokwakhiwa umzimba omkhulu ilitye yasungulwa ngo-1958. Kwaye njengoko entolongweni endala kutshatyalaliswa nangoko, amabanjwa zibekwe okwethutyana ngendlela endala engutyeni isakhiwo mveliso waza waqalisa ukusebenzisa babe abasebenzi ekwakhiweni enqabeni yomkhosi, nkqu iholo encinane.

indlela ishishini

Sakha entolongweni inqaba ehlabathini lonke, ukuvumela ukuba ukuchonga ukubeka ndawonye izisebenzi. Of yaye amabanjwa kamva Kuqulunqwe amaqela loqeqesho abakhi-mlilo. Kwaye ngoxa lonke umsebenzi wagqitywa yi ngehlobo lika 1960, eli ziko sele andibanga ukusebenza ngoNovemba 1961. Yaye amabanjwa bafudukela apho kuphela ngoDisemba 1861. Yayilwa yi A. I. Losev, le nqaba kudala ingqalelo i-ofisi sakhiwo sesona sihle e Irkutsk. Umsebenzi wokwakha lwaqhutywa apho phantse lonke ixesha - koko wakha yocweyo ukuthunga yokwambatha engaphandle, isakhiwo esibhedlele yakhiwe, ezimbini-4 kunye ezinemigangatho-3 ukwakha izindlu ngenxa abasebenzi kunye cantor. Ukususela ngo-2006, le myuziyam kwavulwa kumasango le yokwambathisa. Amabanjwa idumileyo ke F. E. Dzerzhinsky AV Kolchak. Ifunyanwa ngaphandle ngothango entolongweni ekhoyo endlwini inani 63. kuzinyothula inokuba tram, inombolo-4 kunye nenombolo ibhasi 64 kunye 4k (ayeke market Kazan).

abantu kulityalwa uThixo

inqaba entolongweni Danilovsky ngoku bamshiya baza kutshatyalaliswa. Yakhelwe kwi 60s yenkulungwane XIX njengoko entolongweni yasekuhlaleni, oko isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona de 1960. Emva koko, xa izakhiwo enqabeni iinkokheli kummandla Yaroslavl kwakhiwa warehouses for Civil woKhuselo, uyathinjwa ngo-2000. Ngoku manxiwa njengebhakana yesixeko Danilov. Prison Inqaba kwiphondo Cherni Tula yakhiwa ngumzobi A. Meyngardom kwiminyaka 1849-1855. Entolongweni yaba elincinane, enemigangatho emibini, naye kwakukho ibandla elincinane. Kodwa ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, nkqu iifoto ezincinci ezihleli.

Inxalenye ngembali yeso sixeko

Kwakhona iye inqaba entolongweni yayo Chembara (1948 - Belinsky). Le ise kummandla Penza. Esi sakhiwo uye an milo emangalisayo. Kwakhiwa kwiminyaka 1854-1856 ezivenkileni, iye yasinda kwaye ngoku. Ukususela ngo-1985, yaye de kube muva laliphakathi yaBantwana Art House, njengokuba ngaphambili - kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Emva kokuba revolution, lakrazuka udonga lwamatye enamandla phantsi, yaye isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini wanikwa inombolo yesikolo 1. Kodwa bentolongo kwizisele kunye nasemagumbini sentuthumbo. Kutshanje, indlu ngendlela esasikwifandesi, kodwa ezikhalazo oluntu kwabasemagunyeni ukuze kubandakanywe kwesakhiwo kuluhlu izinto zelifa lenkcubeko mzi. Kodwa ngokwenene, isakhiwo malunga 160 neminyaka ubudala, abanomdla kwimbali yokwakha naye yokurhweba labakhandi yesibini K. A. Shugaevym iconostasis ecaweni. Yena walakha ngemali yakhe kwinkumbulo ngabazali bakhe.