Power unikezelo kumakhaya:-line olulodwa umzobo. Ukuqhuba amandla yabucala ekhaya

Kutshanje, abanini zezindlu babucala afakelwe imigca amandla ngokwabo. Le nkampani ukulawula kwakufuneka kuphela isicelo kwaye ufake ekhawuntarini. Namhlanje le meko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo. Kuba umbane kufuneka unike projekthi kunye inkcazo indlela amandla zonke izixhobo ezifakiweyo endlwini (boilers, imiqolo, naphezu njalo. Njl). Oko kukuthi, iipakeji amaxwebhu ayimfuneko kokufumana imvume inyanzelekile kufuneka kubandakanye ukunika umzobo-line olunye nkqubo. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngendlela yokwenza ngayo, nendlela amalungiselelo indlu umbane labucala ngobulumko, yaye siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

Draft indlu lizwe kombane. ontlantlu-ntathu okanye ezi-?

Kakade ke, phambi kokuba ukuzoba nayiphi kwisekethe uye ukwenza ngaphandle uxhulumaniso, kuya kufuneka ukuba ukujonga uhlobo amandla umthombo wayo, njalo-njalo. D.

Kumakhaya abucala, kwakunye zokuhlala ezidolophini, ingasetyenziswa-isigaba ezintathu okanye womnatha ezi-. Kuloo kunye nezinye iintlobo ziyafumaneka kuzo zombini amaphutha ayo kunye nokuvuzwa. Ekuqaleni, nayiphi womnatha kwimizi lunezigaba ezintathu. In eziphakamileyo izakhiwo bakutshelwe asasazwa kwi ezindlini. Ngelo xesha ngenxa umahluko kwenani ababhexeshi ezisetyenziswayo sigaba umthwalo wombane ngokufuthi ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi lona livutha wire cala. Kwindlu yabucala iingxaki ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kuba umnini omnye, yaye, ke ngoko, ukulawula lula kakhulu umthwalo kwisigaba lonikezelo. Noko ke, ukuba kusetyenziswa kakubi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iingxaki kwinethiwekhi - ukuya ukungaphumeleli izixhobo zombane - lunokwenzeka kule meko. kufuneka usebenzise somfanekiso leyo ixabisa eninzi kakhulu ukuthintela neengxaki ezifanayo. Ukongeza, imfuneko yokuthenga izixhobo kunye nezinto eyenzelwe ngokukodwa kumgca ontlantlu-ntathu. Yeyiphi kwakhona fly imali eninzi. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa kwisigaba ezintathu-scheme umbane kumakhaya abucala kufuneka xa oku ngokwenene imfuneko. Oko kukuthi, ukuba izakuthatwa ufakelo izixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu okanye izixhobo - oomatshini, izitovu zombane, njalo-njalo ...

Inzuzo kothungelwano olunye-yesigaba zamaxabiso aphantsi kwaye usebenziso olulula. Amaphutha - amandla nga phezulu kakhulu. Loo inethiwekhi esifanelekileyo ezakunyuka kwindlu encinane okanye indlu ilizwe.

supply amandla izimele

Omnye yemiqathango kubalulekile ukuhlala obutofotofo nasiphi na isakhiwo kukho khona njalo kwi womnatha ngoku. Noko ke, ngelishwa, xa unikezelo amandla kumakhaya zabucala lomgca transmission lilonke, basoloko kukho iingxaki ezinxulumene ukuphazamiseka nonikezelo lwayo. Indlela elungileyo kule meko isenokuba ukusetyenziswa olongezelelweyo ubonelelo igunya elizimeleyo. To ezo ziquka:

• UPS. Kwimeko yokumka kombane ifowuni iqalisa ukusebenza ngoko nangoko yaye ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Generator. izixhobo nolusebenza yepetroli, idizili okanye igesi. Kananjalo kufuneka isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo. operation kuxhomekeke kuphela izibaso. Xa ezaneleyo amandla wenkunkuma ukuze iphiwe amandla indlu enkulu kakhulu ixesha elide.

Indlela ukufumana imvume ukudibanisa

Ngoko, kunye kwiqela lezigaba, uhlobo lobonelelo ezongezelelweyo amandla njalo njalo. D. Wenze isigqibo. Yintoni elandelayo? Ziziphi Ukuze kwindlu yabucala liqhagamshelene iintambo zothumelo? Power unikezelo lwezindlu yelizwe inethweki ezilawulwa yinkampani ndise kwindawo yoxanduva ukuba baphi na. Kuye ngobugcisa kuya kufuneka ukuba bafune, kuqokelela amaxwebhu ayimfuneko. Olu luhlu kufuneka yaziwe kwangethuba.

Emva kokufumana amaxwebhu Grid Company kukungcwalisela iinkcukacha ezihambelana nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ombane ze kumakhaya. Kungenzeka, kuya kufuneka avumelane kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo enxulumene. Ngaphezu koko, isivumelwano kuphothulwe. Emva kokuba network ifakelelwe kwi ndawo watyelela abameli mbutho network kwaye yenza iitshekhi yayo nokuthobela iimfuno ezichazwe iinkcukacha. Ukuhlolwa lwenziwa inxaxheba bonke abachaphazelekayo. Rostekhnadzor Okulandelayo yakhupha imvume nokusebenza network.

-Line olulodwa umzobo

Okokuqala, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ngokwenene imela umzobo. -Line Single umzobo - oku, enyanisweni, lo mgaqo, kodwa eyenziwe ngendlela elula. Oko kukuthi, yonke imigca njengoko ezi-kunye ontlantlu-ntathu uphawu kuyo kumgca omnye. imigaqo oluneenkcukacha kuzo izikim ezinjalo angekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, baba compact kwaye ngexesha elinye ukunika uluvo ngokwaneleyo gca ncam indlela umbane likwaqhuba ikhaya labucala.

Kukho ezinye imithetho ukulungiselela izikim ezinjalo, apho siza kuthetha ngakumbi. bengengabo inzima kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka sazi ngawo. Kungenjalo, le projekthi, aziyi kwamkelwa.

Injongo yokulungiselela kunye neemfuno eziphambili ebekwe

-Line Single yesekethe umbane indlu yabucala - ukuba ngumqulwana obaluleke kakhulu apho wonke umsebenzi wofakelo wenziwe. Kuya kufuneka ibe ngendlela yokuba:

• ukhuseleko ngokusebenzisa ngokwemiqathango bothukile sombane isixhobo sombane kuyaqinisekiswa.
• Ngaba aqinisekiswe kukungabikho umngcipheko womlilo ekhaya ngenxa yokuba short circuit, bayinyibilikisa iingcingo, njalo-njalo. D.
• Xa inkqubo yokwakha kulondolozo lwabantu abahlala apho bakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kuzo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko mihla enkulu.

Ezi iimfuno ezisisiseko le mfuno xwebhu.

Ziziphi iindidi zikhona

Loo circuit umbane lula lendlu yangasese ibe:

• Executive. Amaninzi, olu khetho sele phezulu ngexesha ukusebenza ziko. Ngokomzekelo, xa ufuna ukwenza naluphi na utshintsho kwisistim yangoku okanye ngenxa yesizathu esithile kukho imfuneko ukunika ulwazi kwinkampani energosbytnuyu. Phambi ukuzoba up umgca yesiphaluka kule ityala nje ahlolwe abangaboniyo.
• Kwamahlathi. Loo scheme yenziwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kwenkqubo, umzekelo, kwisakhiwo esitsha okanye indawo epheleleyo iintambo endala. Ngelo xesha linye zonke izibalo eziyimfuneko (imithwalo, cable umnqamlezo-macandelo, njalo njalo. Njl), kwakunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo (izixhobo zokhuseleko, njalo njalo. Njl).

Imithetho kolwayo (symbols)

Kakade ke, ukuba akutsalwa yesekethe yomgama amandla kwindlu yabucala ukuba ukuthobela yonke imimiselo bambamba. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe azimisele GOST 2.702-75 kwaye isebenza ukususela 1988. Ukuba ukhankanye oluphi iisimboli kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukumela kwisazobe izinto ezithile zendlu iintambo. Ukubonisa uqhagamshelwano ontlantlu-ntathu linokusetyenziswa ndlela:

• awela umgca olungqonge okanye kufutshane terminal input "3",
• kunqunyulwa ngodwi ezintathu oluthambekileyo umgca othe ngqo.

Ukuchonga izixhobo, contactors, kokuqala iimoto, ikhaka lokuphuma kunye m. G. Ukusebenzisa kanye iisimboli efanayo nayiphi na enye electroschemes (GOST 2.709).

kufuneka ibe ntoni khona

-Line Single umzobo wobonelelo amandla kumakhaya sithe zimele ukubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

• indawo uqhagamshelo elektromagistrali;
• bubonisa le isixhobo sokufaka iinkcukacha kunye yangoku rated abakwindawo uqhagamshelo;
• uphawu lwe USB, ubude bayo kunye necandelo cross (ukuya kwi imitha);
• Ukulahleka amaxabiso ombane kule migca;
• kuqikelelwa negunya yangempela VRU, cosφ lwabo yaye libahlela ngoku;
• izixhobo ukhuselo brand kunye yazo kwimo yangoku;
• umthwalo kubalwa;
• umda ibhalansi;
• uhlobo iKhabhinethi ATS kunye ibonisa indlela yayo yokusebenza;
• wekhadi kunye nokulawula izixhobo zorhwebo babesebenzisa.

Indlela ukuba sisondele

Kakade ke, lo wesekethe banokufumana ephepheni ukusebenzisa irula kunye ipensile. Noko ke, kule mihla kuba lula ukwenza kwikhompyutha okanye kwi laptop yakho. Kukho software ezahlukeneyo evumela zeesekethe amandla ikhaya labucala ingenziwa ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. Emva ukuzoba nje iprintwe kwiprinta. Umzekelo, inkqubo "1, 2, 3 yesekethe" ijonge ukudala umzobo-line olulodwa uneswitshi, kunye Semiolog likuvumela ukuba wenze zonke iileyibhile eziyimfuneko. Zikhuphelele le software kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, oqinisekisa ukungabikho 'inkunkuma' kunye neentsholongwane. Ukufakelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa bakhululekile. "1, 2, 3 scheme", phakathi kwezinye izinto, ikuvumela:

• ngokungqinelana neemfuno umzimba ukuchola kwiqela lenjongo umbane;
• unomsebenzi izixhobo seemodyuli;
• ukuchaza lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni uqhagamshelo lokugqibela;
• ukwenza le sekethe ogqityiweyo.

Inkqubo database iphelelwe lixesha amanqaku bezixhono eziwufaneleyo eziqinisekisiweyo.

yokubala kwemithwalo

Ngenxa yoko, ekulungiseleleni i-line enye yesekethe amandla indlu kuya kufuneka ukuba enze ukubalwa zomthwalo, ilahleko ombane, ukuba ngaba kunako na izixhobo kunye intambo umnqamlezo-candelo. Ukuze ufunde indlela yokwenza oko, yaye siza kuthetha ngakumbi.

Zokuhlala zabucala supply ndlu, amandla kunokwenziwa mhlawumbi ngokusebenzisa ezi-okanye ontlantlu-ntathu nge kuthungelwano, Kakade ke, ziya kuba nee ezahlukeneyo izixhobo zombane. Ukuze kubalwe le umthwalo kumgca, dibanisa igunya labo ukwahlula ombane. Ngenxa yoko, ukuze ufumane ekhoyo kuyimfuneko. Ukwazi naye, ngokutsho ezitafileni ezizodwa, uyakwazi ukubona ukuba network ayenziwanga igcwele kakhulu, yaye ukuba loluphi intambo nokufakelwa. Olubalo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje amandla zombane ezikhoyo zombane, kodwa wayecebe ukuthenga kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokuba ezinye izixhobo ikhaya enamandla kakhulu, umzekelo, ukuya kumatshini wokuhlamba, isitofu okanye kwibhoyila kuhle ukufikelela intambo eyahlukileyo. Ngokufuthi a isiqu eyahlukileyo wayisa isixhobo ofisi. Kwimeko ukusetyenziswa egaraji okanye izakhiwo ezingaphandle nasiphi isixhobo yobungcali, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, usebenza isigaba emithathu-unikezelo amandla kumakhaya.

Indlela ukukhetha inethiwekhi yentambo

Kuba ezi-Uxhulumaniso kufuneka wire kunye ababhexeshi ezintathu-kwesigaba sesithathu, - ngokulandelelana, abahlanu. Ngexesha uphuhliso projekthi, kubalulekile ukukhetha intambo efanelekileyo cross-icandelo (guided PUE). Esi salathisi inokufunyanwa kwiitafile ezikhethekileyo, kuxhomekeka yangoku. Pre-ngekhompyutha netoti ofunekayo nombhexeshi. Oku kwenziwa ngokungqinelana d olungumgubo = k × mina + 0,005. Apho k - factor rhoqo ukuze kumqhubi metal. Umzekelo, ngokuba nobhedu yona ilingana 0,034. Le ncwadi ke ngoku.

Uthengise iingcingo, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokulinganisa ayikho ubukhulu kunye necandelo cross. Ngoko ke kuya kufuneka ngakumbi ukuba awazi nto. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho ifomula S = 0,785 × D2.

izibalo zokuqala kungenziwa isekelwe kwinto yokuba aphindwe sikwere ucingo lobhedu kusenokuquka 10 A, i-aluminiyamu - 7 A. Xa iziseko practice ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa wire ngu 2.5 mm ² no-1.5 mm ngokukhanyisa ^2.

Ukukhetha le inserter

Ukuhlobanisa ubonelelo amandla kumakhaya zabucala kwenziwa ebizwa ngokuba ngamakhoboka. Bamele izindlu metal apho elibizelwe ndawonye izixhobo zokwakha mbane zolawulo. Iimfaniso usebenza kuquka umsebenzi ukwabiwa, ngokuba Verkhovna rada. izixhobo zokufaka ekhwele esibondeni okanye amandla elayini, okanye kufutshane isakhiwo.

Xa ukhetha i VRU kwindlu yangasese, umbane ukuba ekhuselekileyo iqhawulwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo:

• Ubukhulu bale ombane line. Ngokwezindlu lizwe ngokuqhelekileyo esidla kumgca 220 V.
• frequency yangoku. Oku rhoqo kwaye 50 Hz.
• mode cala. Ngoko-ngokuthi uhlobo nozinzo. Kwicandelo labucala oko kudla ngomhla kwisikimu TN-C. Kule zero kunye kumqhubi osezantsi omnye umqhubi elula. Le okuhlamba lwenziwa ngaphakathi inceku yawo.
• Iinkcukacha yangoku mfutshane-wesekethe. Ukubala yombane ngokuqhelekileyo uthathe ingqalelo elifutshane-circuit izinikezeli amathathu isigaba kwafaka. Ubalo kwenziwa ngokungqinelana ifomula ezizodwa.
• umthamo olufakelweyo.

Kwiinkqubo TN-C, xa 220 V jikelele kusetyenziswa i-kwipali enye umaphuli zeesekethe nokuvulwa, ne-380 - tripolar. Kwimeko yokuqala ukubalwa yunithi yegalelo amandla ibalwa yi kwifomula P I = P r / U f x cos f (apho f U - kwisigaba ombane, Kk - TDP, eKosi f eyiyo / amandla lovukelo). Power izixhobo yoqheliso womnatha 380 siyinikwe Ip = Kk / (√3xUhx cos Q) (apho Uh - network ombane).

I yangoku rated kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu ixabiso ubalwe-10%. Ngoko ke, lo umphumo lokugqibela siyinikwe: I p = I tr × 1.1.

izihlangu AVR

inkqubo Power sonikezelo indlu yabucala idla iquka element. panels ATS ziyilelwe ukuba zinike igunya lwasemva ngexesha lokumka kombane kuloo mthombo. izimvo ezongezelelweyo ezi zingaba kuqhagamshelwa zombini womnatha esisigxina yaye le generator. Kukho ezi ndidi iiplanga;

• Ekubeni ephambili yokufaka yokuqala. Kulo mzekelo, xa kukho umbane kwi igalelo lokuqala sokuyivula ngokuzenzekelayo ku standby. Kwimeko inkqubo yangoku zitshintshile.
• Akukho kuqala. Kwelinye icala xa ombane lokuqala igalelo livela kuso, izixhobo ezinjalo ngokuzenzekelayo zicinywe. Le nkqubo kule meko yenziwe ngesandla.
• Nge izahlulelo. Xa izixhobo ezinjalo, amandla ikhutshwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo switch, zixhonywe bushings. Ukuba ombane amandla kuyo nayiphi na kuzo iqalisa ukusebenza ukuzitshintshela wesithathu ukuba isicelo ombane abathengi deenergised kunye igalelo nokusebenza.
• Nge DSU. Kulo mzekelo, xa ukusilela ombane generator ubaleka kwi amagalelo zombini. Xa ukubuyiselwa engundoqo amandla, inkqubo ubuyela isimo sokuqala. Power unikezelo kumakhaya usebenzisa iinketho ezinjalo ziya kuba liqhawuke kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Eyahlukeneyo panel AVR, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunye nokubulawa. Kuba ekhoyo 25-160 A wasebenzisa iimodeli nesisitheliso 160-400 A - umgangatho. Iintambo zolimo kunye neziphumo ngokusebenzisa aqandusele emazantsi lwezindlu. Hardware ukhwele lenjongo okhethekileyo ngaphakathi lwekhabhinethi.

Imithetho ezisisiseko zikagesi

Kakade ke, lo unikezelo amandla kumakhaya ngezandla zabo kufuneka ziyilwe nayo yonke imithetho efanelekileyo. Noko, yaye umsebenzi ezifana iingcingo ezihamab phantsi yesakhiwo. Ngqo endlwini iintambo lufakwa ngalo umngxuma eludongeni. Indawo iingcingo ezihamab phantsi kuhle ukutsala kwi kwimibhobho okulungiswe eludongeni ngexesha lokwakha. Kule meko kuya kuba lula ukubuyisela nakuphi cingo EZINGASENAKU xa kuyimfuneko. umbhobho ngamnye kufuneka sigcwaliswe intambo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-40%. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukususwa lula. maxa wambi kweentambo Kananjalo apha ezinyuselwe ukuba iisilingi emsebenzini okanye kwempixano ngasezindongeni yambethe plasterboard kwi isakhelo, njalo njalo. D. Kwakhona usebenzisa yeplastiki okanye metal ityhubhu.

Umbane lwangaphakathi indlu yabucala eyenziwe ngomthi kwenzeka nokufakelwa kweentambo evulekileyo. Ezihamba ngaloo wandise kwi iindlela ezizodwa eyenziwe ngeplastiki. Ukuphakama kwenye indawo yazo ezindongeni ayikho mgangathweni. Xa ijelo elinye kuba ngaxeshanye nga ukuzolula izibane, amandla kancinci ombane macingo. Kwiindawo apho amasebe kunye nakumba sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo inyuselwa iibhokisi.