Princess Tenisheva UMariya Klavdievna: biography umxhasi, iifoto

noblewoman Russian Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna, engobomi neya achazwe kweli nqaku, ifani intombi enxibe Pyatkovskaya. Yena walapha kawonke nani, utitshala kunye van'wankumi. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba indalo creative, amagcisa lwawo kunye nombuthi art. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna waseka i studio vutshila Petersburg, zakudala Russian imyuziyam kwisixeko ESmolensk, i-School of Drawing (kwakhona eSt Petersburg), Bezhitsk esikoleni sokufundela, kwakunye zocweyo art-mveliso e Talashkino kwilifa, ebeyinalo kuye.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: bilayer short graphene

Kakade ke, ibali ngobomi bomntu luqala umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngelishwa, imbali uye wayilondoloza ulwazi malunga kanye unyaka wazalwa umzobi abanetalente elizayo, ngenxa yokuba ongumgqakhwe, nangona noblewoman eyinkunzi. Akukho namhlanje umntu ongaziyo ukuba yintoni na igama likayise yakhe. Emva komtshato, wathabatha igama nomyeni wakhe waza waba Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Umhla wokuzalwa kwakhe - Aprili 20, kodwa unyaka iboniswe malunga phakathi 1865-1867. Hi ndlela leyi, kukho intelekelelo yokuba uyise ingaba * uKhesare Alexander II of Russia. Kungenzeka, kungenxa yoko kangaka koteka ku ibali elimangalisayo lokuzalwa kwakhe.

ebuntwaneni ungonwabanga

Umama wakhe Maria Alexandrovna watshata uKlawudiyo kunye Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo wazala igama lakhe. Utata yesibini ingqondo mncinane MP Dizen imvelaphi - indoda esisityebi kunene abathi izindlu ezininzi ophethwe eSt Petersburg eMoscow. Umama akazange isicelo intombi yakhe ngemfesane nenyameko, yaye intombazana ukuba kusoloko silumkele ukwenzela ukuba esingasingisi ingqumbo yakhe, ngenxa yokuba yintoni ukulandela isohlwayo esiqatha kunye nokubethwa. Yakhula ezingcakacileyo-bahlinzekileyo ivaliwe, oko buhlungu shazi enye. Ukongeza, ukuba sele kudala nenzondo kwaye ayikwazanga ukuxolela. Noko ke, yena akomelela-lokuphila kakhulu nobubele, elizimeleyo esebenzayo. Yena ephupha ubomi obahlukileyo, iphambene oko ebinazo endlwini ubaba wakhe.

ukubunjwa

De 1869, ikamva Princess UMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva wafunda ekhaya phantsi kweliso elibukhali komkhapheli French. Noko ke, emva kokufunda malunga elisanda kuvulwa 'esikolweni, apho kwenziwa kwi namantombazana' eRashiya yokuqala amantombazana inkqubo yemfundo, izikolo eyindoda, wagqiba ekubeni athabathe iimviwo yaye babhalise. Umsunguli Izabelo yaba M. Speshnyov. young yokufunda kuvula kwakulula, yaye kungekudala waba ngomnye abafundi yokuqala yesikolo.

umtshato wokuqala

Ngowe-1876, Maria watshata. Umyeni wakhe waba ligqwetha R. Nikolaev. Emva konyaka wazala intombi, Maria Rafailovna - elizayo Baroness von der Osten-Sacken. Noko ke, umtshato waba mifutshane, kungekudala bawa ngaphandle. Kanye ngayo ngobomi bakhe, "Tenisheva uMariya Klavdievna: okuvelayo yobomi bam," wabhala, ukuba isizathu sokuba umtshato yaba ukungavumelani impilo yabo kunye nomyeni wayo.

Paris

Xa intombazana encinane wayeneminyaka-4 ubudala, Maria Klavdievna ushiye indlu, bethabathe kuye intombi. Waya eParis, apho waba nenxaxheba uyakhala umculo yesikolo M. Marchesi. Ngelo xesha, ingqondo wakhangela umkhonzi onyanisekileyo uLisa, ngubani na oya kuhlala nabo ubomi. Kungekudala Paris for Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva uba kwidolophu kanye, apho uziva ngathi iintlanzi emanzini. Apha kwaphela kwaye zicacile. Yena usoloko wempangelo, sadibana nabantu zokudala. Esikolweni umculo adibana Rubinstein, uCharles Gounod. kwemida yalo ukuthandana olukhulayo yonke imihla. Phakathi abahlobo bakhe nalo Ivan Turgenev. Artist Makovsky kwakhona ndiyavuya ukuba uye isangqa yakhe abahlobo Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. A umfanekiso wayo, wabhala phantsi uluvo yokuqala waba phezu kwakhe.

Intlanganiso yokuqala Talashkino

kweminyaka emibini emva kokuba siphila kwikomkhulu French, i neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa elizayo wabuyela eRashiya wathumela impahla kumhlobo wakhe ebuntwaneni Kitty. In Talashkino lakhe kakhulu, nangona kukho nto emangalisayo. Yena uthanda lweenkobe uhlobo, nasezindulini, amahlathi kunye namasimi. Emva luphumlo emfutshane, yena, kunye nomhlobo wakhe waphinda wathumela eParis, ngenxa yokuba kwakufuneka ukugqiba izifundo zam esikolweni kwezwi. Kwikomkhulu French beqala inxaxheba ngokuzimeleyo kwimbali kwezobugcisa, ndwendwela iindidi lwembali, neegalari njalo njalo. D. Xa Louvre Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna wadibana Gilbert kunye artist kuqala ukuba kuye izifundo ukuzoba. Ngeli xesha, isaqala ukuba ukubandakanyeka enamels.

Ukuqala semisebenzi yezentlalo

Ngowe-1887, osanda wafika Talashkino, intombi wavula isikolo Sasungulwa abantwana. Bagqiba kuphela abafundise ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa ukuba qhoboshela wobugcisa ubanike ithuba ukuze uphumelele ebomini. Tenisheva waba ngokuthanda oyinyaniso, yaye wayefuna ukuba ngandlel 'negalelo ukuphumelela kwilizwe labo. Mhlawumbi ngegazi lakhe wamxelela isithsaba uyise wayo?

Le search ngokwayo

Emva konyaka, uMary Klavdievny Tenisheva wabopha noqheleneyo uKonstantin Stanislavsky. Ugqiba isandla sakhe yeqonga kunye enkundleni. Ekubeni onesiphiwo ngokwemvelo, uqala ukwenza inkqubela, kwaye umlawuli omkhulu emnika ithuba lokubonisa kwisiqu ngumdlali weqonga kwi imveliso wokubonelwa of "Baloven" kwi nqanaba "IParadesi". Nangona kunjalo, ubugcisa unalo isandla ephezulu, kwaye iqhubeka ezifundweni lemifanekiso N. Golitsin, uze emva koko ungena School of Baron Stieglitz eziklasini zokuzoba. Ezijikelezayo kwizangqa obugcisa, yena edibana I. ngomzobi oselula E. Repinym, yaye kamva ne Aleksandrom Benua, okunyusileyo umnakwabo Albert mculi.

umshado wesibili

Ngowe-1892 yena atshate kwakhona kwaye ngoku uya ubomi phezulu Princess uMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. Van'wankumi, usomashishini, sesayensi nje indoda enkulu zilumkileyo, Vyacheslav ixhasa onke amaphulo umfazi wakhe omncinane. Kungekudala wasungula Tenishev School odumileyo eSt Petersburg. Umtshato kunye nomntu yokusabela omkhulu onjalo wamnika eziluncedo zakhe ezininzi kwaye uvule la mathuba, elalingazange waphupha. Noko ke, angaqinisekanga ukusebenzisa kuba nempumelelo kunye nophuhliso ukuze kuxhamle ubugcisa zasekhaya. Kwakhona uthi UMariya Klavdievna Tenisheva - van'wankumi ngengqiqo emitsha yelizwi.

Ubomi Bezhitsa

Umyeni wakhe fanele izityalo Bryansk relsoprokatny, nto leyo use Bezhitsa. Ukuza apha, kwilifa lakhe, uMaria Klavdievna uqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi yemfundo. Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu gqitha oku wasiza umyeni wakhe. Ngaphandle capital wayengakwazi ukuba kwenziwe cells ukhulelwe. Ukongeza, ukuba uyindoda elumkileyo kakhulu makahlonitshwe abafundile, yaye amacebiso aluncedo kakhulu. VN Tenishev wazuza ingqalelo ngamazwe njengento ngezentlalo academic and ethnographer, nombhali amaphepha zenzululwazi. Kodwa eRashiya, waba phantsi esweni ayimfihlo abasemagunyeni, leyo wothuswa iimbono zakhe inkululeko, kwakunye inkcaso-nkqubo karhulumente, lowo wayekhe nenxaxheba kwisangqa elimxinwa okuqhubekayo. Ngelo xesha, umfazi wakhe, owayengazi nto kwipolitiki, wayeziva efuna ukuphuhlisa iitalente ebantwini bonke abaphesheya yindlela babo phambili baze baxele ngokwayo ihlabathi. Indlu yakhe njalo nabadlali amahlwempu, abadlali kunye neemvumi, xa ilizwi, abantu zobugcisa. Noko ke, yonke le nkosana axakane, zange akwazi kuyinyamezela kubonakaliswa "bohemian", akazange nje kwakudala, yaye akazange akwazi ukuchitha njani imali yokuthenga izinto zobugcisa ukuba siqu. Noko ke, kwakukho into simanyene aba bantu babini abanjalo ezahlukeneyo - uthando umculo nokukhanya. Tenishev ngokugqibeleleyo Ndidlale cello kwaye abahlobo neemvumi abaninzi abadumileyo.

Nolwazi Tchaikovsky

Ngowe-1892, wabulela Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna idibene Tchaikovsky omkhulu. Kanye endlwini yabo phezu Promenade des Anglais e yazika Petersburg sibini njengenkosana bahlela ngokuhlwa wokuwonga umqambi, yaye inkosazana ngokwakhe isigqibo ukwenza ukuthandana Tchaikovsky malunghana na yena. Le mvumi enkulu yavuya kunye neengoma zakhe, bagaleleka ukuba ahambe. inzuzo Evening ngokumangalisayo okulungileyo, kwaye umqambi akazange afune ukuhamba, ukuba kude kakhulu emva kwexesha kube indlela kwi-Opera "Iolanta".

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, inguqu

Catherine czetwertyński yomkhaya umnini welifa. ngovuyo wavuma ukuba athengise ngayo ukuba umyeni wakhe umhlobo wakhe, Prince Tenishevo, nokuba, ke, wenza umfazi isipho yasebukhosini kwitheko lokuzalwa. Noko ke, Kitty wafumana imvume nerenti ebomini, wahlala phezu kwilifa. Ukususela ngaloo mini Talashkino aguqula ngaphaya ingqalelo. Apha imisebenzi abafazi waseka imveliso yeoli unyanzelayo: kuba leyo ezisa izixhobo isiphelo eliphezulu avela kwamanye amazwe. Eli xesha, inkosazana ibonisa bona nabanye ukuba ayikwazi kuphela ibe bohemian, enobuchule kunye naye, kodwa kananjalo usomashishini olukhulu. Zonke weemveliso amazwe ukusuka iifektri kwi iingqukuva ezimbini Russian - Moscow ne St Petersburg, kwakunye eParis. Ehlabathini estate yokwakha grand iqala. Olubanzi bakha ongcolileyo, ilitye lokusila umphunga, ukuvalwa zezilwanyana, iindibano zocweyo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukulungiswa kwezixhobo yezolimo. Ekufikeni kwabo emsebenzini abasebenzi Talashkino baqale ukwakha izindlu zabo. Lonke ixesha Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna echithwe kwilifa, akuzisileyo kuye ukusuka emotweni eParis saya ngayo kwi impahla yayo. Emva koko ukusuka apha Khotyleva aguqulwa izitali, equka amahashe 50. Kuba amahashe ngamanzi lwenziwa ngamanzi ashushu. Kwaye bayamenywa abalimi eNgilani. Kamva, kufuphi ifama stud eyakhelwe kwibala ngehashe racing namagumbi.

ukwandiswa zorhwebo

Tenisheva UMariya Klavdievna, osapho kuphela ngamaxesha athile uza Talashkino, ufumene ngokwakhe umsebenzi omtsha. Waqalisa ukuthenga kwiidolophana ezikufuphi kunye neefama. izikolo Owadala, wakha ehostele. Kungekudala School e Flenovo waqalisa ukuthetha isithili yonke. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ewuphethe e Petersburg. Apha, kwikhaya labo, wasungula kwisikolo umzobo. Seza apha ukufunda, abantu abatsha abanetalente abafuna ukungena Academy of Arts Fine. Phakathi abafundi M. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, Z. Serebryakov S. V. Chehonin, unyana Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, Bilibin et al. School ngokucelwa inkosazana ihamba ilya Repin.

Ukunikezela

abahlobo Iskusstovedy, abo abetshiseka ukubukelwa ekuqaleni kwiphupha lakhe kwaye lowa saqalisa ubuhlobo, waqalisa ukuba ingcwaliselwe umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, umqambi A. S. Arensky wabhala amanqaku romance "inyibiba Valley", kunye namazwi kubo waqamba P. I. Chaykovsky. Le artist Aleksandr Benua inika iinkonzo zayo inkosazana kwi systematization Tenishev ukuqokelelwa imizobo kunye watercolors. Kwakhona esibonisa ezininzi imifanekiso iimbono Talashkino ilifa. 1896 esikhethekileyo intsapho Tenishevs. Kulo mboniso All-Russian zibandakanya mveliso Bryansk kunye Bezhitskaya esikoleni sokufundela ephethwe yi-Prince no Princess. Bona bawongwa Osenyangweni umbulelo yasebukhosini.

Nalapha, eParis

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba Maria Klavdievna ungathandi eRashiya, Noko ke, iParis yile isixeko apho waziva kakhulu bekhululekile. Kwaye ngoku, emva kwekhefu elide, oko ubuyele esixekweni yakhe ayithandayo. Apha Kwakhona asitsala phezu kwizifundo zakhe waza wangena Academy kaJulien. Xa iklasi B. rhoqo luyaqhubeka izifundo zakhe ukupeyinta nokuzoba. Apha adibana L. Bakst, axinekileyo, kwaye kumnceda. Ukongeza, uthenga inkoliso yomsebenzi graphic wegcisa. Kanti Russian ukuphisa uchulumanco wotshitsho, kunye nesikolo sakhe umzobo baqalise umsolwa entlanganweni zeendibano ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yale phakathi kuyo kunye nomlawuli yesikolo, Repin, ungquzulwano ujika ukuba, nakuba kunjalo, Repin, engafuni ukuba kutshabalale esikolweni, uthetha lo mba kunye nabasemagunyeni. Kulo nyaka, esinye isikolo umzobo evulekileyo ESmolensk. Isiseko studio lokudala ekhaya E .K. Czetwertyński usapho, kunye nentloko wonyulwa omnye abafundi Repin A. Smoking.

Collectables Exhibition

1897 e St. Petersburg wavula kumboniso apho iindwendwe kwinkundla kuboniswa watercolors kunye nemizobo evela kuqokelelwe Marii Tenishevoy. Malunga ke intetho ye-St Petersburg elite. Kwaye kudumisa ingqalelo yayo Tretyakov ngokwakhe. Inikela inkosazana ngentlawulelo imifanekiso embalwa, kodwa uyala, echaza wayemdolw ukwala ukuba balahlekelwe ingqibelelo lokuqokelela. Hi ndlela leyi, ekugqibeleni, inikeza uqokelelo Russian Museum, apho kungekudala ukuba butyhileke. Kodwa wathi ukuba akwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso amagcisa Russian kuphela. Kwangaxeshanye, Prince VN Tenishev ifumana kuqeshwa karhulumente njengoko uMkomishinala-Jikelele kunye nentloko yesebe Russian kwi lo Mboniso ka yeHlabathi e Paris. Kunye nomfazi wakhe, kunye umxhasi kunye nentloko St Petersburg ballet qembu lwe Sergeem Dyagilevym - eFinland, kuba lombutho umboniso joint zobugcisa.

Le magazini "World of Art"

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, Maria Tenisheva kunye Sergey Mamontov ukudala iphephancwadi omtsha wezenkcubeko - "The World of Art". Kubalulekile ngeli xesha na umzobo Princess, eyabhalwa Serov kwaye zigcinwa kwi ESmolensk Museum. Ngexesha lo msebenzi kwi lowu wadibana ne umfoti obalaseleyo ixesha lakhe I.Borschevskim. Yaye bayaqala kukhwela izixeko zamandulo Russian kunye neefoto ezinika zendawo eli phephancwadi.

wayesebenzisa art

Emva kwexesha elithile emva kokudalwa phephancwadi, ebuyela inkanuko yakhe yakudala - wayesebenzisa ubugcisa kwaye useka isikolo zobugcisa ekhethekileyo ESmolensk. Masters inxaxheba kulo aqalile ukucacisa ibandla wakha ngeendleko yentsapho Tenishevs. izitena mveliso kwakhiwa loo ngokunjalo.

imisebenzi olunye

Kule minyaka imbalwa izayo apho kuye kwenziwa Tenisheva ezininzi ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko Russian, bonke ezingenakubalwa. imiboniso livulekile, iimyuziyam, iikonsathi zanikwa, kwakunye nokunye okuninzi. E Moscow store "Spring" sadalwa, okuyinto bathengisa imveliso eyenziweyo kwiindibano Talashkino. House Tenisheva e Talashkino kwakugcwele abadumileyo. Apha isiya yena Sergei Diaghilev. Ngenxa ka 1905 revolution iivenkile Talashkino zivaliwe, inkosazana ayisekho ngezimali "World of Art" phephancwadi, yaye yena, naye, luvalwe. Maria Klavdievna, ukuthatha imifanekiso yakhe ezixabisekileyo, wathumela eParis kwaye umbutho umboniso. Ukuhlala kwikomkhulu French, siyaqhubeka ukubandakanyeka lwawo art. Ngowe-1907, wabuyela eRashiya, akufundayo ukuba wawongwa isihloko ummi Wawongwa ESmolensk. Ngowe-1912 Tenishev Museum wawongwa yi utyelelo * kuKhesare of All Russia Nicholas II.

World lokuqala

Ngowe-1914, kunye ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, wavula esibhedlele yasemkhosini ESmolensk. Maria Klvdievna akakwazi kuhlala, lingenandaba, yaye usebenza kulo, yaye ukhonza isithuthi ukuthutha, bancwine abahlatyiweyo. Nicholas II uyeza esibhedlele lokubulisa nokuvuza amajoni. Mbusi wamncoma Princess ubuzwe wambulela ngenkonzo yakhe ukuya kwilizwe. Ngowe-1915-1916. Tenisheva esebenza phezu ithisisi yakhe ukuyithethelela. I-Oktobha Revolution iindlela. Kubomi benkcubeko kweli lizwe ngumkhenkce kunye Tenisheva abanengxaki ngokudandatheka. Wavutha Oktobha, kwaye waya iqela labantu kwafuneka ukuba abalekele kumazantsi eli lizwe, apho wawela eFransi, apho wayehlala de-1928.

UYobi

Azihlali endlwini yakhe ofudumeleyo encinane waqalisa ukutyelela ezininzi abaculi abaziwayo. Ngeli xesha, waqalisa ukusebenza encwadini yakhe, apho okhankanywe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Princess Tenisheva wafa ngo-1928 elubhacweni, kodwa isixeko yakhe ayithandayo. Yena akazange aphinde wabona umama wakhe oyintanda eRashiya. Indlu yakhe izindawo ebizwa Talashkino encinane.