Quantum intanethi - oko kukuthi, isebenza njani? Benefits. inethiwekhi quantum

Izifundo zakutsha waqonda zizazinzulu yaseYurophu kunye Russian lubonise ukuba intshukumo lwamanani kunye nolwazi yamandulo nga ngempumelelo intsebenziswano-ngaphakathi kwemida data fibre-optic efanayo zisasaza imigca. Oku kwenza kube lula kwixesha elizayo ukulungiselela inguqu kancinane ukusuka kwi Internet yemveli ukuya network ngokwesiseko zango amasuntswana sabaqalayo, Internet quantum.

We ukukhawulezisa uphando

Kushishino lekhompyutha ekhulisa mdibi. Zesayensi ezisuka University of Pennsylvania wathi emva kweminyaka emine sizifake eqhelekileyo iya kufikelela umda wabo. Ukunciphisa izinto ezingakumbi akunakwenzeka, ngoko ke iikhompyutha eqhelekileyo akunyanzelekanga ukuba uphile ixesha elide.

Yabo iya kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe iteknoloji ngokwesiseko entsha, iikhompyutha quantum. Endaweni chips ziya kuba amasuntswana nezakhiwo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba amathuba okuba ubungakanani kunye nokuphucula intsebenzo. Nangona ezi AMAGQABAZA ▸ musa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza iikhompyutha kancinci, kodwa ke into kuphela kwexesha. Ngenxa yoko, usebenzisa isakhono enkulu, uya kuba nako ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza iingxaki neenzima ekuphunyezweni Internet ngokwesiseko entsha quantum.

Iimfihlelo Internet quantum

njani i internet quantum? Yintoni na kwaye yintoni na kubume bayo? Umahluko kukuba isekelwe kwimithetho ubucukubhede quantum. Waye wabonwa zizazinzulu nje, indawo arhabaxa ashushu enokusetyenziswa ukuchaza nesenzeko ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Omnye wabo ke isivamvo.

Zango physics quantum kwinkonzo yoluntu

Okwangoku, kucacile: in kufuphi elizayo lethu liya kungena le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa intanethi quantum. Yintoni ivele okanye kuya kuba njani? Mhlawumbi kuya kuba wolunye uhlanga, ngathi ukuqaliswa transistors semiconductor ngaphambili.

Umgaqo yalo isekelwe phezu impahla superposition bento efunekayo. It has akukho spin ethile, kwaye yalinganisa ibonisa yesibini esahlukileyo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olupheleleyo kakhulu oku kuthetha ukuba yamasuntswana ngasinye samabanga aphantsi, eli liyithweleyo ulwazi edityaniswe ngokungabonakaliyo ngayo isibini "edidayo". Ngaphezu koko, umgama phakathi kwabo akuthethi adlale indima, ulwazi ikhutshelwe ngephanyazo.

Ukusebenzisa le mithetho anomalous amathuba ezinkulu for speed data yimfihlo. ulwazi ngenelela kuthunyelwe ngale ndlela, kuyabonwa, akunakwenzeka: naliphi ukufunda ishiya imizila, okanye atshabalalise ulwazi yokuqala.

Ukukhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza kuTata

Ngokumalunga idatha yakutshanje umlinganiselo izinga data, ngoko babetha lethu. Lidlula isantya ukukhanya izihlandlo ezingamawaka alishumi. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, kwixesha elizayo, oosonzululwazi uya kufumanisa ukuba isantya ukudluliselwa Oluphawu iphezulu kakhulu ngaphambili kuchazwa, internet quantum enjalo. Kuthetha ukuthini? Yintoni oya? Mhlawumbi luphawu imigama ngaphambili kwISithuba izinto ezintsha.

iiteknoloji ezintsha kwi ziluhlaza

Xa ukuguqulwa technology iSebe photons kwi nokurekhodwa izazinzulu eliphakathi Russian baye bafumana isicelo ngokuzenzela ikhule ziikristale, oko kukuthi, nekalikedo. Kubonakala ukuba xa ukukhanya udlula yikristale, kuba ulwelo aqalise ngokwakha ipropati tsakisi imisinga amaza. Uthunyelwe kuyo nayiphi na amajelo. Ngokubanzi, iziphatha ngathi ulwelo. Ngokukodwa, oko kusiwa kwisantya olucothayo kakhulu okanye ayeke.

Loo nto inika umdla gqitha kwelinye icala, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuvumela ukuba ukwqhatha ngokukhanya wenze nantoni na, kuquka ukufumana le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa intanethi quantum. Oku kuvumela ukulisebenzisa njengoko arhente transfer ulwazi. Ngoku yenethiwekhi yayo ephambili intlawulo yombane. Kodwa into abangafezekanga. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na intshukumo okanye ukukhawulezisa kweziphumo kagesi ekulahlekeni eneji, leyo ingena okusingqongileyo kwaye kumo amacandelo iprosesa chipset.

I-Internet ngokwayo sele uluntu kuba ngaphezu kwe-5% ye-eneji ivelise. Ngoko ke, ukutshintshwa photons electron osendaweni kuya kunciphisa umyinge omkhulu welahleko amandla. Ngokunjalo, iindleko kwi Internet ngokwayo iya kuwa.

Internet Quantum eRussia

imisebenzi Internet quantum in Russian ezikhethekileyo. Nangona-mali ophantsi zonke iintlobo imiqobo, abaphengululi baqhuba iimvavanyo kwaye kwaphunyezwa ngokwaneleyo kule ndawo ngokwenene ehamba isikhundla. Ngenxa yoko, kuba ukwazile ukwakha, iziko ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ezizodwa. Luhlanganisa amaqela iyahlolwa kwaye yeengcingane, kwakunye nophando isicelo. Eli ziko ngemali inxalenye "Gazprombank", ngokuyinxenye ngurhulumente kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Nakowuphi na umzekelo, oku umzekelo ekufuneka ilandelwe yi-ngenzululwazi Russian, hayi beme nto.

Ukoyisa imimandla ezintsha

Ngelo xesha langoku uphuhliso Internet quantum nga ngokuba iteknoloji wokhuseleko data kuphela ukusebenzisa ufihlo quantum. nothungelwano efanayo namhlanje point-to-point kunokuba elula. Izazinzulu bafuna ukwenza izisombululo ngokudibeneyo, ngokusekelwe apho ezidibanisa iindidi lamajelo kunye neendlela encryption.

Ukuba silandela ukuphunyezwa ingcamango, iziphumo lwabaphandi Russian iya kuba ngobaluleke kakhulu. Omnye umzekelo - enye-photon emitter tshin, kuphuhliswa Kurchatov Institute.

Ngokuba khona kwale ezifunyaniswe njengoko Internet quantum, izazinzulu kufuneka ukusombulula ukuntsonkotha yokudibanisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze data quantum kwaye ekhoyo ngeengcingo uthungelwano namhlanje.

Imiba ephambili kulala isigqibo yokutshintsha size uphawu yokukhulisa. Ukuba uthumela inkcazelo ngokusekelwe mgangatho quantum kuba ifayibha enombala, ukuba akuyi kugqitha regenerator. Ngoko ke esinye isisombululo kule nguqu ibe uphawu zombane uze emva indawo yokuqala.

umda Namhlanje ngumgama oziikhilomitha tromstam. Lo mgama, apho kuyimfuneko ukuvelisa ngokutsha uphawu kokugcina. Kwakhona kufuneka sibe iswitshi prototype umyinge. Ngumthamo opheleleyo lobukho iingxaki ziinkathazo ingasombululwa kuphela kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Noko ke, phakathi oososayensi bathi malunga namathuba "ukhwele" intanethi quantum. Yintoni inokukuzisela kwaye ukunceda njani? Namhlanje akukho impendulo enye, kodwa umbuzo yokuqalisa kunye ekuziseni obu bugcisa kubemi eziqhelekileyo, ukuphucula ngokucacileyo umgangatho wobomi kunye nokhuseleko.

A Ixesha entsha iqala

China namhlanje ubeke projekthi yebhongo ukuthumela uthungelwano umyinge for ngeekhilomitha 1,200 usebenzisa satellite. Okwangoku, ifikelele umgama ubuninzi abalikhulu leekhilomitha. Abaphandi baye ukukhusela indlela uphawu ukusuka iimeko yemozulu lo. Noko ke, le imvakalelo awanelanga yokwenza teleportation, apho ukwanda kunyaka ngamnye, kwaye umyinge zokufihlakeleyoComment, ngamanye amazwi, inkqubo entsha encryption.

Ikhowudi quantum akunakwenzeka ukuba zizame, okanye ulwazi kunokuba xa laphula iyalahleka. Xa kwixesha lemfazwe intanethi kuthetha invulnerability. ufihlo Quantum sele kudala ezifunyanwa ngabo bafuna iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iibhanki Swiss baqalisa ukutshintsha idatha malunga abathengi ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano quantum. Okwangoku ke ziphelela emashumini ezimbalwa yeekhilomitha umgama. Inkqubo enye ilungiselela yokuyingenisa Russian Quantum Centre, kwakunye inkosi ukosuleleka lwemiqondiso quantum ngokusebenzisa satellite isithuba.

Ukuqaliswa nokusetyenziswa ngemfezeko

Kwaye ngeli xesha eSt Petersburg phakathi izakhiwo ezimbini eyunivesithi eRashiya ivule Internet lokuqala quantum. Le nkcazelo sisasazwa ngokusebenzisa imithetho physics quantum. Kule ndawo ngoku ngokutyala imibutho bakrelekrele kunye noorhulumente. Ikamva kobuchwepheshe transmission lolwazi nkqubo ngokusekelwe kwesele ikhona. Ifayibha-optic cable, we computer, kodwa zendlela ezintsha kunye photon generator.

Ubukho Internet entsha iqala nge-laser, nto leyo ngumthombo ziluhlaza elinye. Bathi indawo elungileyo ukuze ukudlulisela ulwazi olukhuselwe. A photon single abangenakwahlulelana. Undoqo senziwa ngendlela yokuba ukufunda akwenzeki. Ukuguqula photon kumajelo eendaba, inkqubo litshintsha imo yawo, isigaba intlokoma ukubetha otshangatshangiswayo. Namhlanje, izinga uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe quantum ifaniswa indlela Kwiiselula wakhangela kwiminyaka engamashumi eyadlulayo, kokukhona luya kwenzeka iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi kunye ufaka photon nga usinike inkcazelo Internet ekhuselekileyo.

Internet Quantum e Kazan

E Tatarstan yasungula Internet quantum, iyelenqe yayo zovavanyo ibekwe e Kazan. Le program yeyona impumelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lonxibelelwano quantum eRashiya. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, oko omzimba ngokupheleleyo esihlasela Uchwepheshe.

Namhlanje, ukhuselo Internet zethu ezisekelwe kwi khowudi ubuchule zezibalo, kodwa nkqu ikhowudi olunzima kakhulu kungenziwa aqhekekileyo. Namandla kakhulu computing izakhono imigewu, kuya kuba lula yaye ngokukhawuleza ukubala weeNgcombolo ezintlantlu.

Kuchazwe kwinqaku kuza kuba isakhiwo entsha ukhuseleko network. Internet Quantum e Kazan ziya kudityaniswa kwiindawo ezine kumgama ozikilometa 30-40 ukusuka komnye. Iindleko zokusebenza phakathi kweendawo ezimbini malunga nekhulu lamawaka eerandi. In sokuhlola inethwekhi yendawo eboniswe quantum isantya Internet 117kb / c kunye kumgama ezimbini isiqingatha sekhilomitha. Le japan iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ebunzimeni zaseYurophu. Inethiwekhi index ilahleko ngokukhutshelwa bit quantum kwisiteshi woqondo amabini dB. Oku kulingana ngexabiso ubude kumgca ezilikhulu kweekhilomitha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i "Tattelecom" kule projekthi ababandakanyekayo umnombo amanyathelo yothungelwano lwezakhiwo zonxibelelwano.

Uthungelwano luza ukudibanisa isixeko

Ngowe-2017, kulindeleke ukuba siqale iprojekthi ukwazisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Internet Quantum e Tatarstan uza kuvumela ukuqhagamshela ofisi kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Lo ngomnye wemisebenzi ephambili ebekwe yi-quantum Kazan Centre KNRTU-kai kunye nenkokeli yalo. Ukubukela impumelelo yabo, akukho mathandabuzo sokukholelwa ukuba kuya kuba njalo.