Resolution - iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kwezixhobo nabizayo

Zonke izixhobo ezisebenzisa, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kunye nenjongo, qiniseka ukuba omnye isici emzimbeni obizwa "isigqibo." Lo mhlaba emzimbeni kubalulekile kubme zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, enombala kunye lezixhobo optoelectronic. Umzekelo, i parameter sibalulekileyo neemicroscope nje kuphela ukwandisa isakhono lens wayo; kodwa ukusonjululwa elandelwayo exhomekeke ngqo kwi umgangatho umfanekiso yento uphando. Ukuba le isakhiwo isixhobo akanako ukunika imbono eyahlukileyo iinkcukacha zincinci, umfanekiso eliphuma mgangathweni nkqu ukwanda mpela.

Amandla ukuxazulula izixhobo ezisebenzisa - ixabiso kuluphawu ubuchule babo ukwahlula iinkcukacha zincinane bezinto ngamnye waphawula okanye kulinganiswa. Umda isisombululo ngumgama omncinane phakathi kweengxenye ezikufutshane (amanqaku) yenjongosenzi, apho imifanekiso yabo engasekho waqonda njengezinto ezahlukeneyo into, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye. I ezincinane lo mgama, lo olunge eliphezulu Isisombululo amandla kwisixhobo.

Iinkcukacha ixabiso umda Isisombululo ngumlinganiselo ubungakanani ngamandla yokusombulula. Esi sicwangciso ebalulekileyo kugqiba umgangatho ifowuni kwaye ngaloo ndlela ixabiso layo. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu diffraction kwamaza ukukhanya, zonke izinto umfanekiso izinto ezincinane babe ukuvela amatshatshazi eqaqambileyo ejikelezwe yi inkqubo sekile ukuphazamiseka concentric. Kukuba le nto ngu mda ngamandla ukusombulula zonke izixhobo ezisebenzisa.

Ngokutsho kwithiyori yamachiza British kwenkulungwane ye-19, Rayleigh, umfanekiso izinto ezimbini omelene encinane into kusengenziwa kuchongwa xa kuqondana kwincopho diffraction. Kodwa isisombululo onjalo ilinganiselwe. Oku kumiselwa umgama phakathi iinkcukacha zintle bezinto. Amandla ekusombululeni lens kudla kumiselwa nani liphezulu imigca ngokwahlukileyo baqonda kwi umfanekiso omnye nawethu. Le nyaniso iye yasungulwa empirically.

Ukusonjululwa sixhobo lifinyele phambi aberrations (ukukhanya umqadi ukutenxa kwicala kwangaphambili) neempazamo yokuvelisa ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo enombala, nto leyo eyandisa ubungakanani amabala diffraction. Ngoko ke, lo ezincinci iindawo diffraction, ayanda ukusonjululwa nayiphi na inkqubo optical. Esi sisalathisi esibalulekileyo.

Amandla ukusombulula nasiphi na isixhobo enombala ilinganiswa iimpawu zayo hardware ezibonisa zonke iinkalo ukuba ibe nefuthe kumgangatho bemifanekiso sixhobo. Ezi zinto eziphembelela kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo yabalelwa ngokokuqala aberration kunye diffraction - ukugoba ukukhanya amaza imiqobo kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphambuka yabo kwicala ngqo. Ukuze ubone nokusonjululwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo enombala kusetyenziswa uvavanyo imbasa ekhethekileyo ngaphaya okanye ngaphaya kwawo onepateni eqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba indalo.