RS-232: ubenemboniselo zobungakanani standard kunye neentlobo

Kwihlabathi kukho inani elikhulu kakhulu kwiindawo zokubeka, kwiindawo zokubeka, interfaces. Chonga nabo bazi yonke umsebenzisi eqhelekileyo nzima. Xa mafikizolo wagqiba ukuqokelela ikhompyutha zabo zobuqu, kukho imibuzo emininzi malunga ehambelanayo. Namhlanje sifunda ukuba RS-232 ezinjalo interfaces.

ukuba nombono

Ukuba ujamelene ukuba awuyazi into uhlobo isinxibelelanisi kwaye yintoni na kuba, ngoko ke, baya kuqonda kamva kulo. Lo mgangatho isebenza umaleko emzimbeni kwaye yaphuhliswa njenge 'iqabane' interface emgudu munye. Amaninzi, ekhumbula RS-232, iingcali ukhankanye uthotho lezibuko PC.

Kwenzeka ukuba ngokufuthi yasetyenziswa entsimini ngomnxeba. Ngoku kuye kwafika kubo bonke kubulelwe kuphuhliso kweekhompyutha. Elidityaniswe kuyo PC kwimeko zedatha usoyiswa ophezulu, kwakunye ngaxesha ukuba ifowuni ayikho umgama kude. Ukuba sijamelene ikhompyutha yomsebenzi ofisi okanye ukuzonwabisa, i RS-232 ujongano zitshintshiwe USB.

indaba

Phakathi kwinkulungwane esidlulileyo yaqala uphuhliso esebenzayo lobugcisa, xa ngocingo ethile. Zonke inkampani wenza ukuvelisa izixhobo ezithile, livelise umgangatho esisesayo zodluliselo lwedata. Ngako oko, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo kuye kwaba nzima, njengoko kwakukho iingxaki nokuhambisana.

Ukusombulula lo mba ngokusisigxina nokubeka emgangathweni yonke sele wazuza, ngo-1962 waququzelela umbutho okhethekileyo. Kuye kwasekwa iingcebiso umvelisi, ngubani igama "Ncoma Standard 232". Kungenxa yokuba kukho imfuneko ukuphuhlisa RS-232 interfaces.

Ngoku uphawu encoding uyancipha ukusuka amasuntswana-5 ukuya kwi-8. uphawu ombane akazange avuke ngasentla 25 V hayi ngezantsi -25 V. Kwaba lula ukuba alungiselele iziganeko inkonzo, ezo ngokubanzi akunyanzelekanga kusetyenziswa. transmission Data kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini: yolunye kunye emgudu munye. Ngenxa zonke umgangatho wentsebenzo esekwe oluhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo ezitshintshwayo Telecom.

uphuhliso

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva kokusekwa iinguqulelo ezintsha yaqala ukubonakala. RS-232C uye wahlaziywa ngokunxulumene nazo zonke izinto ezingalunganga angafumani ngeli xesha. Kwagqitywa ukuba amisele DB25 isinxibelelanisi izikhonkwane-25. Olu khetho sele ngokwenene "umsebenzi iimpazamo zethu," kutheni ukutshintsha ixesha nexesha kwaye waba isiseko kwiminyaka ezayo.

Sele 1983, yaba iiPC eyaziwayo usebenzisa lo mgangatho. Saqala ukusebenzisa UART transceiver. Esinye sezipho yayisele 4 samaza, nibizwayo COM-port.

Uphuhliso ngokokwemigangatho kwanamabakala baqalisa ukuba kuzuze amandla. Abavelisi abaye baqaphela siseko amanyathelo kwiimeko ezinjalo, ngoko waqalisa ukuphelelwa Association ubunganga. Ngowe-1986, i-RS kutshintshwe EIA. Xa amalungelo iinkampani baye bafudukela komnye, oko isibini iinguqulelo ze umgangatho wakhululwa. Ngokubanzi, akukho nto intsha kwaye kuphunyezwa RS-232 interfaces.

umsebenzi

Ngenxa kulo mgangatho, ukuba kwenzeka ukudlulisela data okanye Imiqondiso ezizodwa phakathi izixhobo ezimbini, enye yazo na isitishi, kwaye eyesibini - unxibelelwano. Ukudluliswa ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15, kwaye santya siphezulu ingaba 115200. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, esibonakalayo kulula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokufakwa kweenkqubo. Ego isoloko isetyenziswa xa ufuna ukoluka umgama. Iingcali nje ngokulinganayo thoba isantya.

imigomo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lezibuko RS-232 ophezulu yayisetyenziswa kuqala dial-up imodem leyo kwiPC. Ngenxa yoku, kungekudala fumene iziqalelo, wayephakathi apho kwilayini eyahlulweyo "Call". Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Internet watshintsha Soup izihlanganisi kunye intsimbi enxulumene nge USB. Ngokwakhe ngoyaba uxhulumaniso zange shwaka ngeqela lenjongo interface, ukuze nabanye abavelisi baye bagqiba ukwenza izixhobo zabo iintambo ehambelanayo oya kuqhagamshela ngayo le nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, baza kwaziwa iimpuku khompyutha RS-232.

Ngoku ke interface ixhaphake kakhulu isixhobo ezizodwa kakhulu, izixhobo zoshishino kunye neenkqubo isilawuli. Ngenxa yoko, kule mihla netbook okanye incwadi RS-232 ujongano cable ngokoqobo lungenzeki. Kodwa abanye motherboards iindlela zokubhala usenayo le isinxibelelanisi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho zombini slot abangatshatanga kunye block mbali phezu motherboard. Kule isinxibelelanisi wayengekho ngamampunge, abanye ukunika converters.

ukusebenza

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umlinganiswa esweni yi ujongano ngokupheleleyo-kabini. It lokudlulisa njenge interface olungenangqamaniso serial. Ngokutsho ucingo passes umqondiso yokubini, ezafumana amanqanaba ezimbini ombane. Oku kunjalo yokosulela ulwazi.

Xa siqwalasela izikhombisi ubhalo, emva koko i "zero" ombane zingqamene HIV, kwaye ke "ubunye" - a negative. Kule isakhiwo ezisebenza ngolu hlobo ababhekisi phambili basebenzisa inani elikhulu chips 'iinkuni ". RS-232 ujongano ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka nje imigca igalelo nemveliso standard, kodwa umkhondo ekhethekileyo abangabancedani, ukulawula ukuhamba ukusuka kwicala hardware kunye nokulawula imisebenzi ethile.

imigca

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba eli zibuko ifakwe uhlobo D, page 25 abafowunelwa. Nganye cut yayo kunye nolwalathiso. Baye igama elipheleleyo kwaye banoxanduva isici ethile. Ngoko ke zisasazwe kwaye zifunyanwe isicelo data kunye nokusasazwa reset, ombane ezihle nezibi, imo ulungelelwaniso, ungqamaniso receiver, isibonisi Iringa, njl

iiklasi

Ukuba unayo i-terminal icebo, ngoko ke ziya kuba nee abafowunelwa isinxibelelanisi, xa uqhagamshele - Ekungeneni. Uhlobo efana kwindawo eqhelekileyo, kodwa maxa wambi kukho ukuxolelwa. Imiqondiso RS-232 uqhagamshelo ophezulu yahlulwa ibe ziindidi.

izinto ezilandelelanayo ezifana TXD, ukusebenza kunye unxibelelwano lezibuko elizimeleyo channel, nto leyo yahlulahlulwe eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Imigca asebenza ngokuthumela iinkcukacha kunye nokufumana oko.

uhlobo Managing ku fune na isihloko elithi nokuvuma. Kuyinto indlela apho uqhubukusha ukususela unxibelelwano lezibuko ekuqaleni umgca wayenelizwi ukosuleleka audio phambi actual. Kukho iklasi ungqamaniso. Kule mo, izixhobo nokudlulisela maza omnye komnye, nto leyo evumela ukuba lula ukudluliselwa ngexesha zokucazulula.

converters

Phambi kokuba bajongane lokuguqulela, RS-232, kuyimfuneko ukwazi umgaqo ntoni na nokuba yintoni na oyidingayo. Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono, lo converter - le zombini. Xa kunjalo, ukuba icebo unalo isinxibelelanisi enye, kodwa kufuneka omnye, unako ukuthenga nje adaptha. Ngoko ke, zonke kwiindawo zokubeka eziyimfuneko okanye kuyimfuneko, okanye nje musa zithatha isithuba kakhulu.

Kwimeko yethu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa isixhobo edibene lwenjongano RS-232/422/485 COM-namachweba. Ngenxa yoko imigangatho bodwa galvanic, ukudluliselwa kolwazi kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ukuphazamiseka electromagnetic. Ingxaki kule meko kubangelwe kuphela yokuba uqhagamshelwano nje akwanelanga, kufuneka ukuba uqwalasele umphakamo software.

Ngokubanzi, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo ukugqithisa idata zobugcisa yalo ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukusebenza kunye ekwenzeni imithetho elandelwayo ukuba ukuguqulela nkcukacha zibe uluvo olunye kuphela xa converter - akunakwenzeka. Umsebenzi yale iadaptha kukuba kwingcamango uhlobo lolwazi ethunyelwayo phakathi iinxalenye ezithile kwenkqubo kunye nobuchwepheshe okhethekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-processing yepakethi udlula kwi program inyathelo. Le nkqubo lutshintsha ubume ngezinto, kudluliselwa, usebenzisa imithetho eyahlukileyo.

ngezigaba

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba naliphi converter RS-232 ophezulu (etherne kunye nabanye) wabonakalisa ezininzi iparameters. Ngoko ke, ukujonga umgangatho izixhobo kunye neeprothokholi uhlobo. Kwakhona kucingwa izinga data, leyo iza kucacisa izinto nani liphezulu ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I parameter elilandelayo - kunokwenzeka umgama transmission, ngokusekelwe umgama eliphezulu kwezinye node nganye, nto leyo iqaqambisa iinkcukacha phakathi kwabo, kodwa lo gama kugcinwe ingqibelelo yayo. Umgca udluliselo limelwe eliphakathi, nalapho data nje ethunyelwayo. Phakathi parameters linani "somthi" baze abanye balwamkele, kwakunye kunokwenzeka kuhlalutyo yesekethe "konektinga" amacandelo aphambili.

izibonelo

To RS-232 isebenza kakuhle ngokubambisana kunye RS-485/422 ujongano, kufuneka ufumane nje lokuguqulela, kunye nolawulo inkqubo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba yonke iitheminali ababandakanyekayo, ngoko ke 10 kuphela ezithathu maza / ukufumana iinkcukacha kunye emhlabeni uphawu. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ukuguqulwa ngokwayo limelwe data bit-processing ukusuka kwesinye isimo ukuya kwesinye. Ngelo xesha, akukho ukuguqulwa protocol kwenzeka njengoko ezibuko I / O inguqu "iinkuni".