Sabele isixhobo, ukusebenza ixesha. itheyibhile ephindaphindayo yangaphakathi: indlela nokwabiwa igesi

indlela nokwabiwa Gas emotweni - enye indlela unzima kakhulu kuyilo injini. Management zokungenisa zeemoto izivingco, injini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi ilele ngokupheleleyo ixesha. Indlela ulawula inkqubo yokuzalisa lombhobho amafutha-air umxube kwikroba lokuvula kwangethuba ivelufa ukutya ngexesha stroke otyiwa. Kwakhona ulawula ixesha sele ukususwa yeegesi zeemoto kwigumbi yokuvutha kwangaphakathi - kuvula ivelufa zeemoto kwi stroke zeemoto.

timing

Iinkcukacha ixesha zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:

• Le camshaft ivula ivale kwemithambo.
• Isixhobo drive ebangela camshaft ukuhamba ngesantya ethile.
• Valve uvula naxa uvala owongozelelweyo iplagi channels.

Le ndawo ziphambili ixesha camshaft kunye lwezivalo. Bokushicilela okanye ukuhanjiswa, oluthi lilungu apho zilungiswe ngayo cams. Yena iqhutywa kwaye lijikeleza phezu iibheringi. Ngelo xesha zokungenisa ukufa icala okanye zeemoto cams ilahlwe kwi shaft ujikelezo acofiweyo nxamnye lifters vana.

elawula ixesha kubekwe phezu kwentloko njengesilinda. Intloko cylinder umntu camshaft kunye iibheringi kuye, yesitshixo, iivelufa kunye lifters vana. Inxalenye aphezulu intloko evaliwe wevalufa ikepusi, sentlalo apho kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isitywini okhethekileyo.

Ukusebenza zokulinganisa

umsebenzi Timing uhambisana ngokupheleleyo kunye ucinezelo kunye amafutha inaliti. Ngamafutshane, xa ucinezela emoto ivula ukunyathela umcephe wokunyusa, umoya kwemali kumaziko ngezilingo otyiwa. Isiphumo ngumxube amafutha-moya. Emva koko iqala indlela lonikezelo igesi. Ixesha kwandisa okugqiba kwaye uvelisa neegesi zeemoto egumbini yokutsha. Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza lo msebenzi, kufuneka ukuba phinda ivula owongozelelweyo zeemoto vana ixesha, laliphezulu.

Valve ukuba actuated umhambisi motor shaft. Xa injini isantya ukhula, uqala ku gqiba ngokukhawuleza kwaye camshaft, nto leyo eyandisa nezihlandlo okuvula kunye semigudu yokuvala. Ngenxa yokwanda isantya injini, yaye uyabuya kuyo.

Indibaniso ye crankshaft kunye camshaft yenza ukutshisa injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi sisixa umxube womoya-fuel, apho kuyimfuneko ukusebenza injini kwindlela elinikiweyo.

Iimpahla ixesha, chain kunye nebhanti

Camshaft pulley drive yi ngaphandle intloko njengesilinda. Ukwenzela ukuphepha ukuvuza oyile kwenzeka entanyeni shaft lilapha ndlala. circuit ixesha ebangela indlela yonke ivelufa ubeke endaweni yaye kwelinye icala ukuya sprocket eqhutywa okanye pulley, kwaye enye edlulisela mandla ukusuka crankshaft.

Ukusuka ibhanti drive lwezivalo ixhomekeke ubeko echanekileyo engqinelanayo le crankshaft kunye camshaft xa kuthelekiswa namanye. Nkqu ezinxaxhileyo ezincinane indawo isenokuba isizathu sokuba ixesha, i-injini ayiyi kuphumelela.

Kucingwa ukosuleleka inokuthenjwa chain ngokusebenzisa irola ucuphe ixesha, kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki kunye inqanaba ibhanti kwempixano efunekayo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu ejongene abaqhubi, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ngesixhobo ikhonkco, kuba evulekileyo, nto leyo edla kunokubangela semigudu ukuvumela.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto womatshini ziquka ixesha mqengqeleki osetyenziswayo kwempixano ibhanti. Bobubi timing ikhonkco drive, ukongeza kumngcipheko ukungaphumeleli ziquka kwakhona kwinqanaba eliphezulu ingxolo ngexesha ukusebenza kunye nemfuneko ukutshintsha yonke leekhilomitha 50-60 amawaka.

valve gear link

Uyilo mechanism nesivalo kuquka isihlalo vana, emkhonweni sikhokelo, njengokujikeleza indlela ivalve kunye nezinye izinto. Umkhosi evela camshaft luyasuka ukuba intonga okanye eliphakathi - yesitshixo ingalo okanye kang.

Ngokufuthi ungafumana imifuziselo ixesha ezifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo. Uyilo abanjalo washer ezizodwa kunye ngezikhonkwane, njengokujikeleza apho kuboniswa khona okudingekayo eziyimfuneko. Ngamanye amaxesha izikhewu zigcinwa kwimo oluzenzekelayo: Lungisa ukuma kwabo hydrojacks zenziwe.

step ukulawula ixesha

imifuziselo Modern injini ngokwemigaqo utshintsho olukhulu, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezitsha, ezisekelwe phezu microprocessors - ekuthiwa-ECU. Entsimini njongo ephambili injini nje ukwandisa umthamo kodwa iiyunithi ngamandla eyongayo zaveliswa.

Ukuphucula injini yokusebenza yokusebenza, ngoxa kuncitshiswa amafutha, oko kwenzeka kuphela ukusetyenziswa yokuchana iinkqubo zolawulo. Injini kwiinkqubo ezifana lutyabula kuphela amafutha ngaphantsi, kodwa singalahlekani amandla, ukuze Baqala ke ukuba esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi imveliso imoto.

Umgaqo ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezinjalo kukuba ziyayilawula isantya ukujikeleza camshaft ixesha. Enyanisweni, kwemithambo zivulwe kancinane ngaphambili ngenxa yokuba lo camshaft lijikeleza kwicala ujikelezo. Eneneni, kwinjini mihla camshaft akusekho yokubolekisana kuthelekiswa crankshaft kunye ngesantya esingaguqukiyo.

Umsebenzi engundoqo ukuzaliswa isebenzayo iziqulathi injini ngokuxhomekeke indlela yayo ezikhethiweyo isebenza. iinkqubo ezinjalo esweni imeko umxube injini nokondliwa echanekileyo amafutha, umzekelo, i-iduma umthamo wayo kuncitshiswa ngokwenza ukuba ubuncinane, ukususela izixa ezikhulu zepetroli ezifunekayo.

isikhathi

Ixhomekeke kwiifitsha noyilo injini yemoto kwaye camshaft ingakumbi inani nohlobo drives ziyahluka.

• drive Chain. Akubalulekanga ekuqaleni kwale drive yaba yeyona ixhaphakileyo, kunjalo, yaye ngoku asetyenziswe ixesha injini diesel. Nale nto, kukho camshaft ibekwe intloko cylinder, kunye nentshukumo iqhutywa drive chain evela pinion. Igalelo elibi eli drive - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo lokuthath'indawo ibhanti, ekubeni ibekwe ngaphakathi injini ukuze aphumeze ukuthambisa ajikeleze rhoqo.
• Gear drive. Onyuswe kwiitrektara kunye iinjini kwezinye iimoto. oluthembeke kakhulu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukugcina. A camshaft yale ndlela kubekwe ngapantsi kwe block cylinder, apho iiseyile camshaft unamathela gear crankshaft. Ukuba ixesha le hlobo eze lutshabalale, injini latshintshwa phantse ngokupheleleyo.
• Belt drive. Uhlobo kakhulu ethandwa ifakiwe powertrains ayinapetroli iimoto abakhweli.

Iingenelo neengozi ibhanti drive

Belt drive wavuka kwayo ngenxa zalo eziluncedo xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo efanayo drives.

• Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imveliso izakhiwo ezinjalo intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo umxokelelwane, kubiza sitshiphu.
• Akudingi ukuthambisa ajikeleze rhoqo, ukuze drive siwisiwe kwicala elingaphandle yeyunithi yamandla. Ukutshintsha ixesha kunye isifo ngenxa ye kakhulu, ehlile.
• Ekubeni iindawo yenkcenkce ibhanti enze angavumelaniyo kunye nezinye inxitywe, izinga lengxolo ngexesha lomsebenzi lancipha kakhulu.

Nangona inani elikhulu yeenzuzo, babe ibhanti drive nezingeloncedo yayo. ixesha ukusebenza ibhanti yi izihlandlo eziliqela lingaphantsi ngetyathanga ebangela ukutshintshwa rhoqo. Kwimeko ibhanti breakage kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka wenze wokulungisa yonke injini.

Neziphumo zokwaphula okanye buthathaka ibhanti ixesha

Ukuba sibuya chain ixesha, i ukunyuka inqanaba ingxolo ngexesha lomsebenzi injini. Ngokubanzi, loo inkathazo ingabi unobangela into nokwenzeka ngokwemiqathango ukulungiswa, ngokungafaniyo ibhanti ixesha. Xa bezikhulule ibhanti nezoogqaphu ngaphezu izinyo nezixhobo kukho uphazamiseko kancinane kwenu kukusebenza eliqhelekileyo zonke iindlela kunye neenkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, oku kungabangela ukuncitshiswa amandla injini, ukungcangcazela kwanda ngexesha lokusebenza, nokusebenza nzima. Ukuba ibhanti nangoko bakhwela amazinyo embalwa okanye ngokupheleleyo neqwengiweyo, imiphumo inokuba ukwazeka kakhulu.

Eyona ndlela kakhulu ingenangozi - yinto wengxabano le piston yaye ivelufa. amandla impembelelo kwanele ukuba ukugoba vana. Maxa wambi kwanele kugoba intonga okanye epheleleyo ukutshabalala piston.

Enye yokusilela inkulu kwezi moto yaphukile ibhanti ixesha. Injini iya kukongeza mhlawumbi ukuveza ukungcitywa enkulu okanye kulungiswe epheleleyo.

ixesha ibhanti Service

Inqanaba ibhanti ukugogeka kunye nemeko yayo ngokubanzi - enye sesona lukhangelwe ngexesha imiba ukugcinwa imoto. Le rhoqo uhlolo kuxhomekeke kusenziwa ethile kunye nomzekelo kamatshini. Inkqubo Control ixesha ibhanti kwempixano: i-injini kuhlolwa, kuligquma protective liyasuswa bhanti, ebezikuyo yokugqibela bafumanisa ukuba ukugoba. Ngeli buqhinga ayenzi jikeleza ngaphezulu kwe 90 degrees. Kungenjalo, umbhinqo uqinisa ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Kukangaphi na ukutshintshwa ibhanti ixesha?

Zalisa ukutshintshwa ibhanti inikwa zonke 50-70 amawaka eekhilomitha run emotweni. It linokuyiqhuba yaye ngokufuthi kwimeko umonakalo okanye ukubonakala imizila ezithile ngokwezinga neentanda.

Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo nokuntsonkotha utshintsho ixesha inkqubo ibhanti replacement. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iintlobo ezimbini ixesha zisetyenziswa iimoto - kunye ezimbini (DOHC) okanye (SOHC) camshafts omnye.

Ukufakwa ixesha

Ukuze enze ukutshintshwa ixesha ibhanti uhlobo SOHC, ngokwaneleyo ukuba esandleni inxalenye entsha kunye iseti screwdriver kunye nezitshixo.

Okokuqala ukususa ityala olukhuselayo ngombhinqo. Wabopha nokuba kwikroba okanye ethole. Emva kokususa isiciko unika ufikelelo bhanti.

Phambi ungazikhulula ibhanti, wawuxhoma amanqaku ixesha kwi sprocket camshaft kunye crankshaft. Ngomhla crankshaft amanqaku kubekwa phezu flywheel. Cranks kude kube uphawu ixesha phezu kwezindlu flywheel kwaye zihambelana kunye nabanye. Ukuba onke amanqaku ungqamane omnye komnye, baqale uthambe uze ususe nebhanti.

Ukuze ususe ibhanti kuloo kolenchatnogo pinion shaft, kufuneka ukuncothula i pulley ixesha. Ukulungiselela le njongo, le kwabaqhubi imoto wazisusa ivili ekunene enika unikezelo kwi ethole pulley. Ezinye zazo le mingxuma apho ukwazi ukutshixa crankshaft. Ukuba ke abenzi njalo, ngoko oluthi busisigxina kwindawo enye, ndihleli kule screwdriver ring flywheel kwaye kukugxininisa oko emzimbeni. Emva koko, lo pulley isusiwe.

Ukufikelela kwi ibhanti ixesha uvulekile ngokupheleleyo, yaye ukulungele ukuba susa kwaye ubuyisele. Le lokunxibela entsha gear crankshaft uze linamathela impompo yamanzi, kwaye kunxitywa kwi sprocket camshaft. Kuba tensioning ibhanti pulley kungeniswa ithuba lokugqibela. Ngapha koko, unako ukubuyela izinto ukubeka ngendlela reverse. Ngaba qinisa umbhinqo kuphela usebenzisa tensioner.

Ngaphambi kokuba injini, kungakuhle ukutshintsha amaxesha crankshaft eziliqela. Ukwenza ukuba ukujonga kuqondana iilebhile kunye nasemva njengokujikeleza kwizikhondo. Kuphela emva kokuba injini iqalisiwe.

Iimpawu inkqubo ixesha ibhanti replacement

On kweenqwelo DOHC inkqubo ixesha ibhanti ithathwa kancinci. kanye Iinkcukacha ukutshintsha umgaqo iyafana naleyo echazwe ngasentla, kodwa ukufikelela kuyo koomatshini kunzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kukho zigxunyekwe nezitshixo iziciko zokuzikhusela.

Kwinkqubo amanqaku ulungelelwaniso kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indlela cam kubini, ngokulandelelana, kuzo zombini iilebhile kufuneka idibana ngokupheleleyo.

Kwezi izithuthi, ukongezelela ahambise sikhokelo, kwaye inkxaso roller. Noko ke, nangona kukho ahambise yesibini, ibhanti ubekwa phezu ahambise isikhokelo kunye tensioner kwi ethubeni yakutshanje.

Emva kokuba ibhanti elitsha lifakwe, qinisekisa ileyibhile ukuthotyelwa.

Ngaxeshanye ibhanti kunye nosaziwayo endaweni kum njengoko yawo lo gama linye. Uyacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ukujonga imeko iibheringi kwimpompo ulwelo emva kokuba inkqubo ukufakelwa amalungu amatsha ixesha ukungaphumeleli kwimpompo nto ayimenzi abe esinye isimanga elibi.