-Siseko engundoqo irhafu the Russian Federation

I-classical Imigaqo zobalo kwafunyanwa yaye zakhiwe yi uAdam Smith, yaye nangona nokutyhilwa yakhe, ngoku kuba yinxalenye yembali, kodwa uqhubeke kusebenza njengesikhokelo sophuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa ngemixokomelwano yerhafu neenkonzo kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini lonke. Ngexesha lonke ixesha ikhona, imigaqo esisiseko yorhafiso rhoqo yongezwe enziwa ezahlukeneyo iingqiqo kwezoqoqosho. Kuphela Ekuveleni-19 - 20, imigaqo zoqoqosho zobalo ziye zasetyenziswa imiqathango ethile ngokusekwa ngemixokomelwano yerhafu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Eneneni yanamhlanje, imigaqo zobalo kwi Russian Federation iqondwa ukuba imigaqo isisiseko kunye ngokubanzi yokwakha inkqubo yokubizwa kweerhafu ezibonelela uzinzo kwezoqoqosho kuluntu kwaye isigqibo ejongene naye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.

Izizathu eziphambili bonisa la malungiselelo njengoko le migaqo:

- imfuneko ukuba isizathu kwezoqoqosho;

- amathuba ukuphunyezwa kwi-sikhokelo inkqubo yerhafu ;

- kufuneka ibe ayityesheli okuqulathwe angundoqo ngemixokomelwano yerhafu neenkonzo kumazwe angaphandle.

Makhe sithi umxholo yale migaqo.

1. Umgaqo ulawulo lomthetho ithetha ukuba akukho mntu yaye akukho nto umda inkululeko ngabemi, ngaphandle kwabo amatyala ukuba zibonelelwa yi-siseko. Tax, ngokwale ngqiqo, wenza njengoko mda osemthethweni, nto leyo esekelwe phezu komthetho, ingqiqo kwaye lisebenza iimfuno zoluntu ngokubanzi. Lo mgaqo ubonelela ukuba irhafu kuhlawulwa kuphela esemthethweni.
2. Umgaqo jikelele isekelwe phezu ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda yokulingana bonke phambi komthetho kwaye isinyanzelo ukuhlawula irhafu ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngaphandle kwezo nazo ochazwa ngumthetho.
3. imigaqo zobalo kwi Russian Federation, ebonelela ngokugcinwa ubulungisa ekuqhutyweni lwerhafu. Ukongeza ncakasana imithetho yerhafu, amalungiselelo ubulungisa kumGaqo-siseko Russian. Irhafu intsingiselo yalo mgaqo kukuba irhafu kufuneka kube lula ukwabiwa ubutyebi lonke kuluntu.
4. Umgaqo emphakathini imfuneko ukufumana ukulingana kwezimvo kukarhulumente kunye noluntu.
5. imigaqo zobalo kwi Russian Federation, lowo useka ukuba ulawulo kwerhafu kuba lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa isebe lowiso, leyo acwangcise inkqubo elungiselelwe imvume irhafu.
6. Indawo ukuba zonke iirhafu kufuneka nefanelekileyo ukwenza umgaqo kwezoqoqosho.
7. Umgaqo ukucangca ye nentsingiselo utoliko komthetho werhafu obuxhasa berhafu umisela ukuba onke kungacaci emalunga nokuhlawulwa kwerhafu kufuneka kuqwalaselwa kwaye zitolikwe wakhetha berhafu.
8. Ukuqonda abahlawuli berhafu oko kwaye sihlawule irhafu na okuqulethwe umgaqo ngokuqiniseka werhafu.
9. yokuhlukumeza ukuthintelwa isithuba esinye kwezoqoqosho ukumisela umxholo siseko umanyano umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu.
10. imigaqo zobalo kwi Russian Federation, ebandakanya ingqibelelo, consistency commonality iirhafu kunye neenkqubo irhafu kulo lonke elo lizwe, zenza siseko ubunye inkqubo yerhafu.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale migaqo kwi Russian Federation kuquka kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu uhlobo karhulumente kweli lizwe kunye yayo inkqubo mali. Nakhelwe phezu iziseko federalism, zikunikeza ukuba ubukho imodeli mali level ezintathu-, apho zonke ezi migaqo yaye ukuthetha ngaphandle kwemiqathango kunye notshintsho.