Sofiya Suzdalskaya Icon: yintoni esiza?

UMfundisi Sofiya Suzdalskaya ngomnye abangcwele ezininzi iziqu kwi isithethe Orthodox Russian. December 29 - imini ukufa ndela Sophia - saba memory esemthethweni lemini kwikhalenda ecaweni. zezinto Bamandulo icon ngokungummangaliso St. Sophia, kodwa egcinwe kwi Pokrovsky woonongendi e Suzdal, ngaba loo ndawo yonqulo ezingundoqo woonongendi. Baya kuza ukunqula abathembekileyo ekude ukuphiliswa yokugula kunye noncedo kwimibandela enzima.

Sofiya Suzdalskaya noSolomon Saburova

Bambalwa abantu namhlanje baxoxa la magama mabini. Ngelo xesha, kubomi beli hlabathi St. Sofiya Suzdalskaya (1490 -. 1542) wayengomnye abafazi abaninzi neyimbalasane ixesha lakhe. Amabali uye wahlala njengoko Solomon Saburova - umfazi Vasily III, wokugqibela Grand iNkosana eMoscow.

Ukukhetha elinesihlanu uSolomon le show lomtshakazi, aqhutywe ngunina, Sofiey Paleolog, isithethe yaseByzantium, Prince nguVasili anganeliseki luqikelelo. Kuba okokuqala umlawuli eMoscow watshata "izitenxo" le izinduna, hayi usapho njengenkosana. Kunjalo, i Solomonia okulungileyo bahanahanisi ifumene uthando nentlonelo zenkundla.

share kwesikhulu

Yeha, bayahlelwa kwaba buhlungu. Yonke iminyaka engamashumi sitshatile, iNkosazana engenabantwana. Ngaba ukunceda imithandazo esuk 'okanye, akukho uhambo ukuya kwiindawo ezingcwele, iinkonzo ezininzi kwiitempile. Grand Duke kaThixo abenoburhalarhume wakhula meko ungonwabanga malunga Solomonia ngakumbi shushu. Izimisele ukuba indlalifa, Basil lwesiThathu balelwa ukutshata abazalwana babo, esoyika ukuba uza kushiya itrone ukuba umtshana wakhe. Konke oku buhlungu gqitha inkosazana smart kunye okulungileyo, kodwa ebengenakwenza nto.

mtshato Grand

Ngokwahlukileyo koko inkolelo ethandwayo nayo uHenry VIII waqalisa isithethe mtshato yasebukhosini.

Ngowe-1525, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini zomtshato bantwana, Vasily wesithathu wagqiba ekubeni amale umfazi wakhe. iilwimi okubi wathi kwakukho "ngamakhubalo" wentombi Princess Elena Glinsky, ngazo Basil watshata, hayi ukulinda unyaka.

Divorce Basil yesithathu yaba yeyokuqala kwaye nanto kwimbali Russia. Prince wagqiba ukuxhasa izinduna, kodwa ngokuqinileyo phantsi ababingeleli, abaninzi kuzo ekukhuseleni inkululeko inkosazana ihlawulwe.

Noko ke, kwenziwa isigqibo. Prince wahamba "ngokuzithandela kwabo yokuzikhethela", yaye emva komtshato, Princess Solomonia kwafuneka ukuba athathe izibhambathiso umhlala eMonastri.

ndela mthinjwa

Njengoko wafunda ukhakhayi lwakhe Sofiya Suzdalskaya? The Life of Saint iqulethe iinguqulelo ezimbini ulwamkelo lwaso monasticism. Ekuqaleni waye ngenkani tonsured yi ngokuyalelwa nomyeni wakhe, elinesibini - engafuni iphazanyiswa neenkani nokubona nenzalo yabo, wacela imvume ukuze besuka ngokuzithandela weemonki.

Imbali yanamhlanje uthi Nun Sofia, kwaye neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ngoko omkhulu, ngokuzimisela, akufumana ithuba, baqhanqalazela ukhakhayi, iinzame lokugqibela bemnyathela mkhwa ndela yakhe. Noko ke, emva kokufunda ukuba komkhusane - ukuba banqwenela Prince uSolomon wathobela. Noko ke, imeko yakhe entsha Sofia ndela nako ukuma ngxi ixesha elide kakhulu.

Ngokutsho yemihla ixesha, eme endaweni yakhe entsha, yafumana intuthuzelo ngomthandazo kunye nemibhalo emishini. Omnye ntsomi uthi ndela, lowo ningoyiki nayiphi na umsebenzi ngokobuqu wemba kakuhle woonongendi, xa weemonki yayingekho amanzi ngokwaneleyo. Unanamhla oku oko wahlala edityaniswe yokugubungela engcwabeni oyiNgcwele zihlaba Efros. ababephila Sofiya Suzdalskaya wayesoyikwa njenge wayengazibandezi ulonwabo lokwenene, ububele kunye inkonzo engumzekelo ukuze aphumelele uthando nentlonipho oodade, oonongendi bonke ababemazi.

Phantse bonke ubomi bakhe elandela monasticism uyazidela zabanjwa phakathi iindonga Pokrovsky yoonongendi e Suzdal, apho wangcwatywa ngo-1542.

Imimangaliso Sofia Suzdal

Kungekudala emva kokufa ndela Nozipho engcwabeni lakhe waqala ukuba kwenzeka imimangaliso yokuphilisa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1598 bekukho ukuhlangulwa wokuqala ebhalwe yokuqaqadeka Princess Anne Nechtevoy. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngendlela emangalisayo efanayo kwingcwaba saint wabona ukukhanya ibhinqa elinye ngaphezulu. Kwiminyaka elandelayo zichazwe kunye nezinye iinguqu ezimangalisayo. Umthandazo Suzdal uSophia endinceda izifo iliso, ukungeva ngeendlebe, ukukhubazeka kunye nokuphazamiseka engqondweni.

inyanga nje kuphela, kodwa okhuselayo eye yaba Saint uSophia. Ukubonakala esambathweni emishini kunye ikhandlela wafumanana ezandleni inkokeli yomkhosi Polish, wasondela woonongendi, Sofiya Suzdalskaya wasindisa yokuhlala lokuzalwa kwakhe.

Indlela ukuchaza esi siganeko "Historical Ukuqokelelwa umzi-yona uThixo ka Suzdal 'kunye umkhumbuzi wezinto umbingeleli ngenkulungwane ye-18 uAnaniyas Fedorov: uloyiko olunzulu itshayelwe umphathi Lisowski ukusuka umbono ingalo engcwele tye waya ubuthongo, ngoxa abanye izibonda wawa emhlabeni kunye namahashe, esi sifo achaphazelekayo. amabutho esitha lweMedia, kwaye isiganeko esimangalisayo kakhulu baboniswa kwi ilitye le obungqongqo.

Memory emva kokufa

ibandla esemthethweni ezibhengeziweyo ukuhlonelwa kaNun Nozipho njengengcwele kuphela ngo-1650 - iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci emva indawo yokuphumla yayo, kwaye umbuzo Ukumiselwa wathabatha kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva. Noko ke, emva nje kokufa abantu baqalisa imbeko kuye njengengcwele, kunye nebandla wayebanceda engcwabeni lakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nkqu endala, pre-ukushicilela le khalenda ibizwa ngokuba ndela olilungisa engcwele, kodwa Princess uSophia.

Ngexesha lokulawula Ivana Groznogo - yindlalifa ekwakukudala lilindelwe Prince Basil umfazi wakhe wesibini, uSolomon-Nozipho wamkhumbula indela kaNun, ukuhlonipha leyo kunokuba zasekuhlaleni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nokuba ngelo xesha Prince Andrew Kurbsky kwileta yakhe kukumkani ekuthiwa Nozipho uSolomon Mfundisi martyr, omsulwa engcwele. Ngokutsho legend, ukumkani Ivan weza yesine Suzdal Pokrovsky Monastery kwaye njengekhazi lazo, wayifihla eyakhe isigqubuthelo lakhe ingcwaba indela, eyenziwe kumasifundisane umfazi wakhe amthandayo Anastasia Romanovna ngokukodwa njengesipho engcwabeni oyiNgcwele.

Le elandelayo Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich ukunqulwa St. Sophia of Suzdal linyuke kakhulu. Ngomhla engcwabeni indela kaNun azenzileyo lokuphambukela esiphithizelayo amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini ziye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bakhalaza yokuhlala ngotyelelo lwakho. Ngaphambi wasinda isigqubuthelo emfakamfele kwi ilitye kwakhe umfanekiselo uMsindisi, ehambisa woonongendi ukumkanikazi Irinoy Godunovoy. Mbhalo kuqinisekisa unyaka kunye nenjongo yomnikelo.

Wakhangela ngathi Princess Solomonia

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku Ungasondeli lokudla elichaza Princess Solomonii Saburovoy. Asazi nokuba mifanekiso ezazikhona zonke, njengoko imifanekiso, njengoko buciko wengqesho, weza eRashiya kuphela ubudala uPetros, emva phantse amabini eminyaka emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe. Yasinda miniatures eziliqela evela yeziKronike, obonisa ndawo umshado Basil III noSolomon ukhakhayi Princess kwaye ezinye iziqephu eziliqela zembali ezibalulekileyo nobomi esi sibini njengenkosana. Ababephila wachaza Solomoniyu Saburovu njengokuba umfazi entle.

umbhalo ngenkulungwane ye-19 ubonisa ibhinqa eliselula emnyama-iinwele kunye neempawu rhoqo tiara kunye neempahla zexabiso. Ngaba lo Solomonia ngathi umfanekiso umzobo okudalwe lomculi era Romantic, kuba kunzima ukutsho. Yazi umfanekiso walo yimonki, kodwa mhlawumbi, oko kwakubhaliwe emva kokufa nguMfundisi uSolomon-Sofia.

Le iconography of Saint uSophia

A ezininzi icons, okubhaliweyo kwi-19 - 20, eSt Sophia Suzdal angqinelana baseByzantium icon-yokudweba ncwadi: i hood indela paramanu oluhlaza-eluhlaza, ungowomhlaba phantse umbala omdaka kunye nengubo ebomvu okanye iilokhwe cherry emnyama. Ubuso izandla ayiqabe imbola, amehlo ezinkulu ngeenxa zonke, a zingcakacile, impumlo ngqo, umlomo encinane.

Lo mfanekiso eyayingunongendi indala Nozipho isusela ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini kwenkulungwane ye-17. Kakade ke, kufuneka umfanekiso ebaxiweyo yolu luhlu engcwele yaye ziziziyatha ukuba nifune kuwo umfanekiselo mfanekiso iinkcazelo kunye nemifanekiso ezaziwayo-kakuhle yokwenene uSolomon. Igama umninindlu, owayefumene umfanekiso ebhodini, uhlala ayaziwa. Wavele, i icon zindala Saint Sophia yasekwa ngabapeyinti ahlale sakhe. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kule iconography yemveli, ehamba ukususela ekuqaleni zomfanekiso, kukho phawu mandatory - umqulu ubamba Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Le icon ithathwa ngokuba ngokungummangaliso, mhlawumbi wayefuna ukuba Lingcwaba saint.

ukuqaphela engcwele

I-Orthodox Igama ikhalenda Sofia Suzdal apho unyaka phambi kokuba revolution. Ngowe-1984, loo nto "ngokusesikweni" eyaziswa umkhosi zabangcwele, kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga kuphela ngaphakathi Suzdal, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2007 Hagia USophia ayeze inqanaba sele vsetserkovnom.

UMfundisi Sofia ukudlulisela ndimngcwabe ngokwabo emhlabeni. umnqweno engaqhelekanga ukuba ixesha, ngenxa yokuba abantu ngokwemveli amalungiselelo ayo yenziwa bangcwabele emangcwabeni ilitye, crypts. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amane, ukususela 1542 ukuya 1990, umlotha wakhe yaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ngowe-1995 ingcwaba lakhe yavulwa kweli loonongendi kunye ezingcwele Sofia Suzdal ngokunzulu isuswe kweli lizwe. Ngoku ziyaxhonywa nomhlaza esivaliweyo Pokrovsky Cathedral. Yeyona zamahenyu ephambili yoonongendi ezitsala abahambi ezininzi. Ubethwe ngu kukuba, emva lulele emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwemine, izinto ezingcwele baba incorrupt. Noko ke, emva kokuvula i-engcwabeni, wabola kumcimbi imizuzu.

Yintoni oza abangcwele

Kunye nezicelo nezitarhuziso zibhekiselele Nun Sofia. Nditsho ngexesha lethu uluhlu lubonisa imisebenzi yayo nempinda ubungqina obutsha. Ikakhulu yenza isicelo ukuhlangulwa zonke iintlobo zezifo. Ngokuyintloko njengokuba mthandazeli wayesoyikwa ngabantu Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Yintoni eyenza kube ngcwele ngakumbi? Njengoko khumbula, ngethuba ubomi Princess Solomonia oko wayeludlolo. Noko ke, isibakala isimanga - umthandazo ku Saint Sophia kunceda ukuze ufumane umntwana elide-elindelwe nakwizibini engazaliyo.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba zisibonisa indlela uthe wanxaxha, ukukhusela abantwana kwiingozi kwaye wanceda nokunciphisa amadoda grumpy endala lomlinganiswa.