Statins - ntoni na? Statins (ARVs): Igama

Statins - iziyobisi kwenziwa kuphela ngugqirha yaye kuphela emva kokuba uthotho lweemvavanyo yegazi ukujonga amanqanaba cholesterol. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, injongo zazo eziphambili - ukukhusela yegazi kwizifo kunye ezimbi ezifunyenwe. Xa unyanzelekile emisela ugqirha ukucebisa isigulana kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• statins - into oyiyo;
• ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzima ezivela kwiyeza.

Kwakhona, ugqirha uqhuba incoko phezu isihloko statins kufuneka zithathwe rhoqo. Kuphela phantsi kwalo mqathango, ngokwenene ukukhusela iimpahla intliziyo negazi yaye kunempembelelo enyangayo libizwe.

Ingcamango cholesterol

Cholesterol - a lipid kokuba imvelaphi yendalo: 80 lepesenti kuhlelwe sisibindi,-20 ithe yaginywa nokutya. indima cholesterol ekusebenzeni eyiyo umzimba ibaluleke kakhulu: yenye izinto zokwakha kwi kwinqanaba zeselula, isebenze ukutya, akhusele iiseli kwimiphumo izinto ezingalunganga inxaxheba kuphuhliso asidi duct iihomoni ngesondo. Cholesterol "ezilungileyo" "nezingalunganga". Yaye ukusuka kwindawo yezonyango lwembono, oluhlobo na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• HDL - lipoproteins eliphezulu mninzi. Abantu ezinomthamo eliphezulu cholesterol egazini ababi isifo sentliziyo. Kwemfuneko HDL cholesterol ithuthwa emva esibindini, apho Kudlula njini, ngoko ukuya umonakalo cholesterol yaye akazange isongela kwimpilo. Kulo mzekelo, unyango statin akufuneki, kuba umzimba isebenza kakuhle ngokuvumelanayo.
• LDL - lipoproteins ephantsi-mninzi. Owona ingozi ngenxa eziphilayo ukuba xa uqhagamshele umonakalo cholesterol. Yiyiphi ingozi
  simanga? iidipozithi Atherosclerotic ezilalisa ngaphakathi isitya (ezindongeni), ucingo kuzo, ngaloo ndlela kwenzakalise ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kukhokelela hypoxia, ukufa kwamalungu omzimba, isifo sentliziyo.

Statins - ntoni na?

Xa yamafutha kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yathatyathwa njengomnye unobangela okhokhelela ekufeni, kuba nguye unobangela iposi engabalulekanga kunye stroke. Ukuze ixesha elide ukuba izimvo lesiphoso oogqirha ukuba yamafutha - ayibuyiseki umva kunye wokwaluphala zendalo zomzimba. Ukufunyanwa kwe statins yaba revolution ehlabathini lwezonyango: zibe ipropati enamandla holesterinsnizhayuschim. Iziphumo zophononongo yenziwe kwisithuba seminyaka-5, ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukunciphisa LDL cholesterol (cholesterol embi) nge-35%.
• Ukwandisa izinga iHDL (cholesterol elungileyo) 8%.
• Ukunciphisa nestroke-30% kunye nentliziyo lathatyathwa-42%.

iziyobisi Statin - iziyobisi kukhawuleziswe nokulawula Yindibanisela cholesterol emzimbeni, ukunciphisa ingqalelo yayo ziyibuyisela MMC-onx reductase.

Ukuze zibeka statins

Ngokutsho izifundo, emva kokuba uthathe iziyobisi kubonisiwe dynamics entle kwizigulane kunye nesifo sentliziyo esinganyangekiyo nemithambo. Ubungqina bokuba akhona imiphumo emihle statin unyango kwezinye ezimbi kunye izifo, akukho. Kodwa ezi zixhobo nje zonyango kodwa zokuthintela. Ekubeni statins - iziyobisi zokunciphisa cholesterol, abelwe ukuba abantu abangabakhe kwezi ndidi:

• Abantu abane hypercholesterolemia homozygous kwiintsapho, nto leyo efanele yonyango ngamachiza hypolipidemic.
• Izigulane abaphethwe nesifo sentliziyo kobuchopho, nokuba kwinqanaba cholesterol.
• Izigulane ezisanda wahlaselwa yintliziyo kunye sifuba angina.
• Izigulane ivaleke syndrome.
• Seswekile ukulawula amanqanaba yegazi.
• Izigulane abaphethwe lwegazi ebalulekileyo emngciphekweni yesifo sentliziyo.
• Izigulane bathwaxwa izilonda atherosclerotic nemithambo. izifo ezifana ziquka yamafutha kweenqanawa lengqondo le nemilenze, imithambo sezintso kwaye ubukho umonakalo atherosclerotic kwi kwemithambo carotid.
• Abantu abo engazivumeli zizifo sentliziyo, kodwa amazinga aphezulu cholesterol egazini.

Statins - iziyobisi phakathi iindlela ezingcono zokuthintela ekulweni nezifo kwinkqubo sentliziyo. Ngokutsho manani, kumazwe apho ukwanda yokuthengisa la machiza, izinga lokusweleka ngenxa yezifo ezinxulumene amanqanaba cholesterol aphezulu egazini eliphantsi kakhulu.

"Kuba," yaye "nxamnye"

Ke statins. Yintoni na kangakanani na xa zifuneka - sithethe ngazo ngasentla. Kodwa oogqirha uluvo malunga nala machiza luyathandabuzeka. Kukho ingqiqo "ukuba" yaye "nxamnye 'malunga nala machiza. Ngaphandle kokuba izilogani intengiso isithembiso kukukhupha abemi ngenxa yamafutha kwaye konke oku kuthetha sifo, statins azisoloko kungekhona nayiphi kangangoko luncedo. Eyona impikiswano ke umbuzo xa abantu abadala: okokuqala, statins - iziyobisi, apho ixabiso eyamkelekileyo bonke; Okwesibini, iziphumo ezibi kunokubangela akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo xa uthatha mithi prophylaxis. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo yolingo lwezonyango olwenziwa ngamaziko ahlukeneyo, iingcali zithi oku kulandelayo:

• Ukusetyenziswa statins njengenyathelo lokuthintela, ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo sentliziyo okanye nobetho, okunene phezulu, kodwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinyanzela oogqirha ukuba ucinge phambi kokunika ukuba izigulane abangazange ngaphambili bajamelana kunye nesifo sentliziyo.
• Ingakumbi amisele ngenyameko statins kubantu uneempawu cataract okanye sele ukubandezeleka sesi sifo. Ngokutsho manani, ulawulo iziyobisi kwandisa umngcipheko seengxangxasi ngama-52%.
• Oku kukwasebenza kubantu abadala ukubandezeleka seswekile. therapy Statin kukhuthaza uphuhliso seengxangxasi ngamaxesha 5.6 ngokukhawuleza.

Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, amachiza ezintsha statin ezisetyenziswa yezonyango kwaye bazise inzuzo yabo. An ugqirha onamava kufuneka icebise isigulana phambi kwakho ukumisela unyango ngala machiza, ngale miba ilandelayo:

• Statins - ntoni na?
• Yintoni nomawukulindele iziyobisi: unyango positives kunye nothintelo.
• imiphumela emibi kwaye iziphumo ichiza.
• Njengoko koko imithamo ukuthatha ichiza.

Statins kunye cholesterol: icala flip

Amayeza ukwehlisa amazinga cholesterol kwiziphumo igazi utshintsho kwezinye izalathi emzimbeni:

• Statins ukunciphisa imveliso kuphela cholesterol, kodwa engaphambili - mevalonate. Yena ngumthombo izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuba enze imisebenzi zebhayoloji emzimbeni. Engxakini ezi zinto kunokukhokelela nakwezinye izifo.
• A amazinga cholesterol eliphantsi kunokuba yingozi ngaphezu eziphakamileyo: oko kukhokelela ekwandeni kwengozi umhlaza, ianemia, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo luvo kunye esibindini.
• Ngokutsho uphando olwenziwe kwi-US, amanqanaba cholesterol ukwanda zanixa- isiqulatho eliphantsi wemagniziyam emzimbeni. ukuswela yayo kukhokelela angina, lwegazi, isifo seswekile kunye nophuhliso arrhythmias.
• cholesterol "Imbi" libandakanyeka ilungiswe umcu kwinqanaba zeselula. Statins akudodobalise lo msebenzi, nto leyo ekhokelela myalgia (buthathaka, nokudumba, iintlungu kwezihlunu) kunye muscular dystrophy.

imiphumela emibi

statins umonakalo kwicala yokwamkela elide ezifana nesenzeko babo:

• ziyabagulisa: ukurhawuzelela, irhashalala, urticaria, anaphylaxis, erythema multiforme, Lyell engqondweni.
• inkqubo yokucola: urhudo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, hepatitis, i-pancreatitis, senyongo.
• OLawulo hematopoiesis: thrombocytopenia.
• luvo: nesiyezi, paresthesia, kunesifo, peripheral neuropathy, umkhuhlane, buthathaka.
• inkqubo Musculoskeletal: amahlaba, iqolo, samathambo, myiasis.
• Nethe: hypoglycaemia (ukuncipha iswekile yegazi), ingozi yesifo seswekile.

ukusetyenziswa zexesha elide statins kungakhokelela sokulibala, intloko ebuhlungu, namandla, ukutyeba okanye unesifo.

Eminye imigaqo statin oyikhethayo

Ukuba, emva kokuba zonke "nezimbi" kunye "nxamnye" isigqibo sokuba zinyule statin, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iimpawu: ukuhambisana kunye nezinye iziyobisi kunye ukubakhona kwezifo ezingapheliyo.

• Statin unyango kunye amayeza sifo, isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kungabangela umngcipheko myopathy kabini.
• Xa izifo sesibindi kufuneka uthathe amayeza kunye iimpawu zokhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Le rosuvastatin idosi eliphantsi pravastatin ( "Pravaksol"). Kunye nabo Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba sidle amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye notywala.
• Xa iintlungu njalo izihlunu okanye ngexesha umthambo, engabangela umonakalo izihlunu zomzimba, uyacebiswa ukuba pravastatin.
• Ngononophelo kakhulu amisele iziyobisi kwizigulane kunye nesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. Akudingeki ungasebenzisa yityhefu kwizintso statins: igama amayeza fluvastatin - "Lescol Forte", atorvastatin - "Lipitor."

Ukuba injongo lokufumana statin - ezixineneyo eliphantsi cholesterol-yandisa, ukuba ingasetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe kunye nicotinic acid. arhente Ideal ziquka rosuvastatin okanye atorvastatin.

Ulwahlulo oqhelekileyo statins

Malunga umsebenzi wabo ukunciphisa statins cholesterol bohlulwa babe ngamaqela 6:

Statins (iimveliso igama uluhlu ngezantsi) mazikhethwe kwaye atyunjwa igqirha, ngokusekelwe izinga cholesterol egazini.

rosuvastatin

I-avareji oyidlayo imihla 5-10 mg rosuvastatin. Kwizigulana nezibi kunyango hypercholesterolemia kwiintsapho, idosi yemihla ngemihla ukuya ku-40 mg. Kwakhona esiphezulu. iziyobisi Wokwenziwa.

pravastatin

Izinga Pravastatin ngemihla - ngu 20-40 mg. Ubuninzi yedosi kunyanyezelwa (80 mg) ayizange isetyenziswe ngenxa ezingaphelelanga inyathelo elibukhali. iziyobisi semi-zokwenziwa.

atorvastatin

Atorvastatin - kweziyobisi zokwenziwa of besesithathu isizukulwana. Phakathi isizukulwana yakhe statins zezona kakhulu, umzekelo, zingaphezu ukusebenza kwesiqingatha fluvastatin. unyango lokuqala kunye ekucetyiswa 10-20 mg ngosuku. Xa kungekho ziphumo zinqwenelekayo idosi inyuswe ukuya mg-40 ngosuku. Atorvastatin ezisetyenziswa umthamo mg 80 ngosuku ngenxa unyango izigulane kunye acute semithambo syndrome. iziyobisi Wokwenziwa.

simvastatin

Simvastatin - lichiza semi-zokwenziwa engaphezu impumelelo lovastatin kabini. Ithamo sokuqala ngemihla 10-20 mg, xa kungekho isiphumo efunekayo ukuze kwandiswe ku-40 mg. Ubuninzi Izinga avumelekile yemihla ngemihla - yi mg 80 ngosuku.

fluvastatin

Synthetic fluvastatin kulungiselelwa yaphathwa ne nedosi ye-20-40 mg imini, kodwa idosi elilelona - 80 mg ngosuku. Oku kumiselwe kwizigulana abafumana arhente cytotoxic emva abohlukeneyo.

lovastatin

Lovastatin - le statin zendalo kuphela. Itsalwa mkhuhlane Aspergillus terreus. ithamo Ukuqalisa - 20 mg ngosuku. Xa zisetyenziswa kanye, ebusuku, emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa. Kwezinye iimeko, izinga ngemihla landile ukuya mg-40 ngosuku. Phantse akaze asetyenziswe practice clinical ngenxa inkangeleko ngazimbi analog phambili.