Transnistria ziya kuba yinxalenye Russia okanye hayi?

iziganeko lwakutshanje emhlabeni eCrimea, leyo, kuxhomekeke eyakho imbono, ubizwa ngokuba "nokudliwa", i "ukuhlanganisa", waphakamisa amathemba isisombululo ngokukhawuleza iingxaki ezithile yengingqi zikwimeko ekhenkcezisiweyo eminyaka. izenzo Utyando ngok kakhulu umkhosi Russian ekusingasiqithi yabangela silindele uvuyo kuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo abemi kwiriphabliki currency ibekwe phakathi Moldova ne Ukraine. Sinethemba lokuba kungekudala Pridnestrovie uza kuba yinxalenye Russia, kwabonakala ukuba phantse kuzaliseka.

olahlwa aseMoldova

Ngowe-1992, amava lokusombulula iingxabano zehlabathi ulihlwempu. Ngaba kuqala imfazwe e Chechnya, Nagorno-Karabakh kwabonakala into kude, iziganeko Sumgait zanikezelwa imveliso ethile sengqondo ekhethekileyo Asia-nezingaqhelekanga, kunye njengeYugoslavia uye okwangoku ATM yi NATO abajongene.

Xa mangala ofumana ulongamo iinkokeli aseMoldova "Popular Front" ngoyaba utyekelo ukuba nengqumbo abahlali inxalenye enkulu nommandla wayo. Agasti 1989 kwaphawulwa isizwe zasekuhlaleni ugcobe ophumelele kwi Ephakamileyo yiSoviet of the MSSR zoloyiso ezinkulu: imvume ulwimi aseMoldova njengelizwe (kuphela) nokupheliswa izenzo i Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Omnye kwinguqu esa oonobumba Latin, sigxininise ngokupheleleyo sele "amazwe". Kwabaxini nezinye iilwimi ukuba baye ngempumelelo kude kube ngoku labemi, ingqalelo ngandlela phakathi mpikiswano yepalamente ezingahlawulwanga.

I zimvo lokuqala

Ukungena Transdniestria Russia akazange ezicwangcisiweyo ngexesha layo azazi iphupha lalinamandla yintsomi kwezopolitiko. Ukuhlawula ingqalelo ukuba le ngingqi, ukudala-40% ye-GDP eli lizwe ngo-1990 zobunkokeli Tiraspol yabamba zimvo apho-79% yabavoti ayenganelisekanga kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo inkxalabo yesizwe ePalamente. I Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic waba Enyanisweni, kodwa secede waseMoldova azizange ngazo. Phantse 96% Pridnestrovians nje wafuna ukuqiniseka ukuba amalungelo abo aya alunakuqinisekiswa, ukuba kungekhona esemthethweni Chisinau, ngoko, ubuncinane, urhulumente PMSSR. Ukongezelela, kwakukho intetho gqolo malunga ngokuhlanganisa ezayo kunye eRomania, kwaye abantu bale ngingqi ufuna ukunika wena ilungelo ukukhetha ilizwe apho ukuze baphile.

enye nokhetho

Ukususela ngokombono wezomthetho, kwawa yiSoviet Union kunye ephule ezininzi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye Soviet, kodwa akazange ukuhlawula eli xesha ingqalelo nakubani. Kuthiwa ubukhosi, kwaye ukuba ilanga republic ngesiquphe manyano benze iflegi yesizwe, namabamba baqala ukucula umhobe entsha, ityala ingqalelo impumelelo. Ngoko ke e Moldova, hayi kuphela. Parliament of Gagauzia wenza okufanayo, kodwa yabangela intlawuliso ngephanyazo separatism kunye ukungqubana xa adlula "a igazi encinane." Kuba ubunye ilizwe namavolontiya amazwe izimilo ebizwa-"amavolontiya 'ngaphakathi Moldova naseRomania.

Juni 1990. namasekela aseMoldova ye kodonga lasekhohlo nevoti Bender ngenxa ekulondolozweni USSR. Emva 1991 kombuso , phezu namabala elalisakuba yiSoviet Union kukho nto kanye-15 lithi geqe. Ekwindla PMSSR uba TMR (Transnistrian Moldovan Republic), oko kukuthi eyahlukileyo evela kwilizwe Moldova. It yavotelwa 98% ye-78% yabantu eyomeleleyo.

indaba

Izizathu ezibangela abaninzi kwixesha elizayo ubona Transnistria njenge yingxenye Russia, abambalwa, kwaye bobabini zembali nesemthethweni endalweni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo kukuba iBhunga Ephakamileyo MSSR, wagqiba kwelokuba arhoxe ukusuka waseUSSR, ecinyiweyo uxwebhu osemthethweni kuphela, njengoko apho eyayisakuba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya yaba yinxalenye Moldova. Ngokusemthethweni Transnistria nkqu ngexesha umsebenzi ngesiRomania ngexesha Second World War ibingento kwintsimi lokumkani; ngayo, kunye kummandla Odessa kunye nezinye umhlaba eMzantsi Ukrainian ekuthiwa Transnistria. Kuphela qho apho Tiraspol, Bender kunye Gagauzia waba aseMoldova, irhoxisiwe ngokuzithandela ngexesha ulongamo declaration.

kwaqhutywa zimvo kwakhona, iziphumo wabonisa Ukungavumi epheleleyo labantu ukuba bangene Republic of Moldova kunye nomnqweno ukufumanisa ngokuzimeleyo ikamva lakhe. Kodwa ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba Transnistria ucela eRashiya? Mhlawumbi abemi balo njalo okulungileyo?

impi

Imfazwe ngowe-1992 yi frighteningly embhoxo ukusebenza yangoku anti-abanqolobi yomkhosi Ukrainian. Noko ke, kukho umahluko. Moldova - lilizwe elincinane, incinane kakhulu ngaphezu Ukrainian, kwaye rhoqo kanjalo amatyala xa imisele ungxamile, wemba ahlala ukuma abamelwane zangaphambili, abahlobo kunye nezalamane, ngesiquphe zaba ziintshaba. Yabemi Tiraspol, Bender nemizana ezikufuphi, ngenxa yezizathu zembali, a beentlanga, baqhele ukuba bahlale kunye, kodwa xa uMongameli M. Snegur wagqiba kwelokuba "ukusombulula" iimbambano ngenkani, ukuba balungiselele ngokukhawuleza i Guards. I sixhobo wayengekho yingxaki, kuba unawo omabini amaqela alwayo kunye okwanamhlanje ikhuselwe kwisigaba sokuqala ukungqubana warehouses 14th Russian Army. Yonke into njengokuba kunjalo ngoku, kwaye izityholo nxamnye eMoscow, kunye namavolontiya kumacala omabini umgca ngaphambili, kwaye adubule phantsi moya, kunye ezafa. Kubonakala ukuba imbali, nokuba yakutshanje, akukho mntu ufundisa nto ...

Ngowe-2006, kwaqhutywa enye zimvo. Uninzi labemi pmr (96.7%) wabonakalisa ithemba lokuba Pridnestrovie uza kuba yinxalenye Russia ...

Ilungu kwezoqoqosho umba

Ngokubanzi, emva engaphezu kwamashumi amabini izikhombisi Transnistrian kuqoqosho musa ukukhangela lubi Moldovan. Ukuze uluntu luphawulwa kungekho naziphi na ngezikhondo zamehlo phakathi-yobuhlanga, leyo, Kakade ke, ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngokubanzi, kodwa ke kubaluleke ngakumbi ifana amandla ukulwa, obubonelela Russia kwiriphabliki currency (abanamatyala, kodwa ngaphandle ithemba lokubuya). Kukho iingxaki, kwaye uqhagamshele, njengoko phantse onke amazwe post-eSoviet, ukulahlekelwa kweemarike kwiintengiso. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba Transnistria njenge yingxenye Russia ingafumana niche - kukho kwakhona izityalo, kunye noshishino ukukhanya, kunye nezolimo bachuma kwiminyaka eSoviet Union. Kodwa kukho imiqobo ukuba isimo esinjalo.

imiqobo

Eyona nto ephambili egqiba impendulo yombuzo enoba Transnistria ufake yingxenye Russia okanye hayi, ilele yokuba urhulumente ikhona de facto, de jure engekho kwimephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi. Ngokungafaniyo Abkhazia naseMzantsi Ossetia, ilizwe nangoku azikhange zikhunjulwe nayiphi na amalungu oluntu ngamazwe, kubandakanywa i-Russian Federation. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba esi senzo, ukuba oko kwenzeka, kuya kukhokelela ukwayo ezintsha kunye izityholo kuyiphumeza i ndlongo-nkqubo.

Into ebalulekileyo na indawo okuyo kulo mmandla. Njengoko imeko yezopolitiko Ukraine uhlala ngolunya ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, oko kuthathwa ukuba kwimeko Transnistria uza kuba yinxalenye Russia, umxholo imbumba iya kuba kwafa epheleleyo okanye kwinxenye ngabamelwane yayo. Ayikwazi ukugqiba indlela oza kusabela kule kusenokwenzeka i susa abangenabubele evela Moldova kunye Ukraine, incwadi yesicelo ukuba athathe amanyathelo enjengale nto.

Uqoqosho Russian, nangona iqondo eliphezulu ukuzimela neemarike zangaphandle, njengayo nayiphi na, linengxaki lwehlabathi. Umsebenzi karhulumente ezinzima: ukugcina umgangatho afunyenwe lokuphila (okanye ngcono - ukwandisa kubo) e umthwalo ebalulekileyo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye ukwanda kwinkcitho karhulumente. Ukuqhuba ku eCrimea nayo malini kwinqanaba zonke-Russian ngesixa esikhulu.

Ukongeza, kufuneka athathele ingqalelo kwamalungelo ezinye izinto ezinkulu 'abadlali' neAfrika. Imeko zisiba eYurophu, nkqu nokudalwa kwakugquba pre-imfazwe, kwaye ingakumbi kwinqanaba wamajoni baya kudlala ezandleni zabathengisi anokubakho hydrocarbon, kunye nendlela imali eninzi kakhulu, kwimeko liphela zemveli ziya ivaliwe. Ezi iimeko musa ukuvumela ukuba nethemba lokuba Pridnestrovie uza kuba yinxalenye Russia kwixa elizayo.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Ngexesha ubukho eSoviet Union (yaye kumaxesha ezikude historical) phantse zonke ziiriphabliki zayo ziye amaziko athile enkcubeko kunye nezoqoqosho, kwindawana abemi Russian abathetha okanye Abase Russian. Le emzantsi-mpuma Ukrainian, neendawo zeefektri Kazakhstan kunye nezinye iingingqi ezininzi, apho kumaxesha Soviet wathumela iingcali ukuze uphakamise amacandelo yonke ezoqoqosho okanye isakhiwo yesizwe kwasekwa phezu kangangeenkulungwane. Wisdom ubunkokheli ithi abasandul ezizimeleyo nga kugwetywa ngayo ubakhathalele abantu, maxa wambi ubomi babo yonke esilichitha ekomelezeni uqoqosho, ngokunyanisekileyo ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kwaye bafumene impumelelo elininzi kuyo. Yamaza efanayo malunga tyesi odumileyo kunye nesikhululo zibonakalisa ukungabikho nokuhlonipheka elula nje kuphela yabantu, kodwa ebambekayo njengesiqhelo. Ngelishwa, le isiphoso oorhulumente, wabethwa akwaziqonda ebaxiweyo uliqhayiya lesizwe, iyaphindwa. Ekugqibeleni, isidima lizwe lusengozini. Bayahlelwa amaqhekeza zamaqela baba "iimveliso sisahlula lesibini" ilizwe kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane kunzima ukuqikelela. Abaninzi kubo okunene wanyula yakho, abanye - nje ixesha. Mhlawumbi ixesha liya kufika xa ukuthanda kunye Transnistria njenge yingxenye Russia. 2014 Unyaka kungenakwenzeka ukuba lo mhla.