Tsaritsyno palace enkulu: inkcazelo emfutshane

Tsaritsyno Palace nguye inkulu iinxalenye eziphambili lomculo, wadala ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ngelishwa, le sakhiwo zange isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona, kodwa ngumbandela yalo zingenakuphikwa, evumela ukuba zibandakanye isakhiwo kuluhlu ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwexesha, i Bole ukuba senziwe iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kwisithuba ngokwaneleyo elide: ukususela 1785 ukuya 1796

History of indalo

Uyilo lokuqala isakhiwo ephethwe yi V. Bazhenov, nangona kunjalo, bahlola ukwakhiwa uKumkanikazi wahlala ndinganelisekanga, kwaye ke umbhali yasuswa kule zobunkokeli. Kunoko, wathi wamiselwa nomhlobo wakhe oncedisayo M. Kazakov, abagqibe ukwakhiwa. Tsaritsyno isigodlo esikhulu yagqitywa pseudo-isimbo, kodwa iimpawu ezicacileyo ye classicism, nto leyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, yaphinda yathandwa yaye ekugqibeleni waba umgangatho kwezakhiwo.

Inguqulelo yokuqala isakhiwo kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezincinane-ertyisi, Noko ke, umbhali entsha, elandela Ukuthanda uCatherine II, badlula olinganise. Ukwakhiwa waba voluminous ngakumbi, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, uye wafumana ubunzima ethile kubume.

Ngowe-1790, umsebenzi wokwakha wamiswa ngenxa iingxaki zemali ngenxa yemfazwe Russian-Turkish. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, icala liphinde liqale. Ngoku, ke, into Tsaritsyno ebhotwe enkulu unenzondelelo iinguqu ezintsha: isilinganiso zayo ziye zancitshiswa, umgaqo, iyangqubana injongo womzobi. Kodwa kungekudala, uKumkanikazi wafa, kunye noMlawuli uPawulos omtsha ndiyalele ukugqibezela umsebenzi. Ngoko ke, lo isakhiwo asizange isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona.

bokwakha

Ukwakhiwa umdla kuba luhlanganisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - kwaye pseudo-classicism. Ukususela kulo mbono, isakhiwo ekunokuthiwa besive kweli thuba lokulungiselela utshintsho kwi kwimbali zokwakha bokwakha.

Tsaritsyno Grand ebhotwe iqulathe amaphiko amabini, ngaphakathi apho ezinye ezimbini: ngokuba uKumkanikazi kunye nonyana wakhe. Inxalenye phakathi ngaphandle ejonge iingangamsha ngakumbi yaye omkhulu, kodwa isicwangciso kunokubonwa ukuba le ngenxenye, enyanisweni, ingxelo emxinwa phakathi uxolo ezimbini ezinkulu. Isakhiwo singayekwa eziqhotyoshelwe ezinde ezimbini, eyenziwe isimbo pseudo. Yiya ulwalathiso lokugqibela kubandakanye wakhomba Iingqameko, nangona ifestile eneneni eluxande ukumila kakuhle.

izinto ezongezelelweyo

Matvey Kazakov wanika ukwakhiwa kalukhuni kunye nemvisiswano iimilo. Esi sakhiwo kade olungaphambili, isiqingatha-imiqolo emithathu nokuba uhombise umnyango wangaphambili. Ezinye iinxalenye isakhiwo eqhotyoshelweyo iinyembezi sisingqala, umzimba enamandla, arcade, Arch. nokubukeka yenzelwe ukubonisa amandla gunya, lo gama i-project yokuqala lubandakanya ubuhlobo kunye nefomu compact.

ngakumbi ngayo kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba ekuqaleni Matvey Kazakov bekufanele ukuba alakhe eli bhotwe of nemigangatho emithathu kunye ngumhlaba eyahlukileyo, kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa, ngesicelo uKumkanikazi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba anciphise ukuphakama kwayo ngenxa kumgangatho omnye. Ngenxa yoko, esi sakhiwo unomzimba omkhulu kunye ngandlel engacacanga imbonakalo.

indlela aphila

Ngoko ke, umbhali we-Big Tsaritsyno Palace ngexesha lokwakha kwafuneka ukuba ndenze iinguqulelo ezakhokelela yokungabikho umanyano kunye nokuphelela kwinkangeleko sakhiwo. Ngowe-1796, Walizinzisa phezu kophahla abamnyama, nto leyo eyabangela ukugxekwa eluntwini ke Russian. Amagcisa abaninzi bathi uvelisa ingcamango kunokuba udakumbile, nangona ubukho imihombiso kwi sakhiwo.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19, abaninzi baqala ukubhiyozela ukufaneleka ukuqina yokwakha izakhiwo; wathi inkangeleko yayo yahlukile nomkhosi, yaye abaninzi kangaka wanikela ukususa uphahla emnyama.

nokwakhiwa

Enye yezona ebhotwe, ipaki lomculo ikomkhulu imbaxa in Tsaritsyno. Grand Palace, ukuxelwa kwalo esingunobangela yolu phononongo, yakhiwa kwaye alungisiweyo 2005-2006, nto leyo eyabangela ukugxeka ziingcali ezininzi. Okokuqala abakhi indawo nophahla omnyama uphahla sihle ngakumbi yaye inomkhitha kunye zokuhombisa ukuba, enyanisweni, yaba kukwaphula isicwangciso womzobi ngayo. Okwesibini, siye begqibile ngaphakathi, nto leyo kwinguqulelo yokuqala yaye sele igqityiwe hayi. Kodwa imigangatho igqunywe kweentlobo ezixabisekileyo umthi eninzi. Ukongeza, eli bhotwe amalungiselelo amagumbi amabini - "UCatherine" yaye "Tauride" apho kwimiboniso. Le ngaphakathi zazihonjiswe kunye sculpture kunye neendawo ezijingayo. Ukongeza, kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo odumileyo umsebenzi uKumkanikazi A.Opekushin.

Ngoko ke, ngoku imbaxa imyuziyam kwisakhiwo, nto leyo lunikezelwa ebukumkanini uCatherine II. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba bhotwe zange uyisebenzise eyenzelwe injongo, kunjalo i ebalulekileyo indawo kwimbali Russian bokwakha, njengoko okuphawulekayo utshintsho ukusuka Gothic kunye neenkolelo zemveli eMoscow sobuciko ukuba classicism.