Turbellarians: iimpawu kunye nenkcazelo eklasini. Abamele turbellarians

Turbellaria okanye turbellarians (Turbellaria) bobabo kummandla lwesilwanyana, uhlobo flatworms, ngaphezu iintlobo 3500. Inkoliso yabo ezamahala-eliphilileyo, kodwa ezinye iintlobo izinambuzane ezihlala umzimba yomkhosi. Ubungakanani abantu abafani kuxhomekeka imikhwa ezihlala kunye yokudla. Ezinye iimpethu ingabonwa kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope, abanye ukufikelela ubude ngaphezu kwe-40 cm.

Zilwanyana phantse onke amalungu uhlobo flatworms. ntshulube Ciliated - iklasi kuphela ukuba iifom abahlala ngokukhululekileyo kokusingqongileyo ibandakanya, kodwa nomzingeli.

Iintshulube ifumaneka amtyuba namnandi, eziphantsi komhlaba, phantsi kwamatye, kufuphi nonxweme imilambo namachibi. Abanye bahlala phezu komhlaba, enye ngezantsi kwalo. Iintlobo abambalwa abahlala apha ngaphezulu emzimbeni umkhosi wakhe, ukuba amaphelo, kodwa ngaphandle ebangela naluphi imbi kuye. Abameli kakhulu ezininzi kwaye omangalisayo eklasini leyo planarian, bangenayo zonke iintlobo imibala (ukusuka emnyama namhlophe esintsundu kunye blue).

turbellarians Inkcazelo ukubonakala

Class ciliated worms igama njalo kuba bonke omzimba umbungu kaThixo ligutyungelwe isiliya omncinane, ukubonelela intshukumo izilwanyana kunye nentshukumo izilwanyana ezincinane emajukujukwini. Ukuqhubeka ciliated worms lokuqubha okanye ukukhasa njengenyoka. Animal Body nemilo atshabalalisa, mbhoxo okanye side kancinane.

Njengazo zonke amalungu flatworm, umzimba wabo akanayo kwisisu lwangaphakathi. Oku eziphilayo bilaterally macala onezivamvo amalungiselelo phambili kwaye umlomo xa inxalenye peritoneal yomzimba.

Features cover ciliary

epithelium Ciliary ke iintlobo ezimbini:

• nge bahlukaniswa ngokucacileyo nezinye isiliya nganye;
• ne tho isiliya enye inwebu cytoplasmic.

Isiliya asingawo onke amalungu odidi lwe flatworms baye. Ciliated iindidi worms phantsi umaleko epithelial of fihla gland secretion. Yencindi kukhululwa phambi umzimba, inceda umbungu eqhotyoshelweyo zazimbambezela phezu zeendawana, kwakunye ukuhambahamba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imali eseleyo.

Kunye iikona lwemizimba umbungu ezi amadlala kwiseli secreting yencindi ngempahla ezinetyhefu. Le yencindi luhlobo ukhuselo isilwanyana kwezinye ezizingelayo ezinkulu (umz fish).

Ciliated worms ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko kunjalo nokuba kusempandleni yakhe, ukulahlekelwa amaqhekeza epithelium into efana kuhluma izilwanyana.

Ubume esikhumba-kwimisipha sac

Ulwakhiwo turbellarians ngathi Isakhiwo flatworms. umzimba dystrophy yakha ibhegi ulusu-dystrophy ibandakanya ngeengcamba ezintathu imicu:

• maleko thunzi ibekwe phezu kobuso ngaphandle komzimba;
• maleko oxwesileyo ogama Imicu kwi-engile;
• umaleko ezantsi longitudinal.

Ukunciphisa, izihlunu ukuqinisekisa intshukumo ekhawulezileyo akahexa i mbelukazi ingakumbi enkulu.

inkqubo alimentary

Ezinye turbellarians Abameli ngokucacileyo yenziwe amathumbu kwaye beskishechnyh. Abanye baye izitho zokugaya zimelwe inkqubo yonke lamajelo branched, beninikela izondlo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba. It wamathumbu isakhiwo amaqela ahlukeneyo turbellarians. Ukongeza beskishechnyh (wazalwa konvolyut) turbellarians share:

• efakwa (mesostom);
• vetvistokishechnyh (lactic Planaria trikladidy).

Roth abantu emathunjini branched sibekwe kufutshane ngasemva lomzimba, xa efakwa - ukuya phambili. Umlomo ke kukhatshwa ukuya umqala iimpethu, ngokuthe ngcembe ophuma kwisebe emathunjini uyimfama.

Class ntshulube ciliated pharyngeal ndlala linoxanduva yangaphandle (ngaphandle komzimba) ekugayeni.

inkqubo yokwabiwa

inkqubo excretory imelwe ezininzi kuThixo pores kwi inxalenye ngasemva umzimba wesilwanyana, apho iindlela ezizodwa ngokusebenzisa betekisi izinto ezingafunekiyo. Ngamajelo emihle oxhulumene kwi enye okanye ezimbini eziphambili ezikufutshane ukuya emathunjini.

Xa ukungabikho isisu yokukhethwa (lindle) ukuqokelelela kwi komhlaba ulusu kwizisele ezizodwa apho emva uyagcwala nya ngokukhuselekileyo.

luvo

iimpawu Turbellaria zibandakanya umahluko isakhiwo luvo. Kwezinye uhlobo network kokuba imelwe kwalapho encinane (ganglion) kwi inxalenye phambi lomzimba.

Kwabanye, kukho ukuya izibini 8 of zemithi-luvo ezininzi eyayizalwa neuronal.

Le amalungu singathi, isiliya ezizodwa esisigxina banoxanduva umsebenzi oyivileyo. Abanye abantu baye nemvo lomncono iimbopheleleko statocyst umzimba ekhethekileyo thaca ngokohlobo amaqamza ongama okanye mihadi.

Imbono iintshukumo kunye namanyathelo ukubacaphukisa lwenzeka ngaphandle nge sensilla - akasakwazi umzimba ciliary phezu lonke komhlaba.

Phambi ziimpethu akhiwe statocyst enxulumene noko ortogon - inkqubo ubuchopho emkhusaneni-uhlobo channels.

ingqiqo Kwaphuhliswa ivumba emehlweni

Turbellarians uye amalungu ukuqgiba, anendima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe lirhamncwa. Kuyinto ngenxa kubo turbellarians ukufumana ukutya. Emacaleni eziphelweni ngaphambili nangesemva umzimba zilungiswe emingxunyeni zinoxanduva ukudluliselwa imiyalezo evela ngaphandle kunye molekyuli zinuka izinto e ubuchopho.

Iintshulube abanayo umbono, kodwa kukho uluvo lokuba ezinye iintlobo ezinkulu kakhulu eziphila bayakwazi abangaboniyo bahlule izinto, aye wabumba lens. Nangona iliso, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi amashumi ezininzi ngeziBini unpaired amehlo imi mpethu kummandla lo ganglia yobuchopho kumphezulu phambi komzimba.

Ukukhanya bawabulala iiseli ezibuthathaka semehlo ezibonakalayo kwi iinxalenye phakathi iliso kudale isizukulwana umqondiso, nto leyo ithe yanikezelwa zobuchopho ukuze kuhlolwe kwalapho. iiseli semehlo na efana luvo optic ethumela ulwazi ganglia lobuchopho.

uphefumla izilwanyana

Iimpawu Iklasi ciliated ziimpethu yahlukile uhlobo flatworm abantu ezamahala-abahlala bayakwazi ukufumana umoya - ukuba aphefumle. Ngapha koko, inkoliso flatworms - anaerobes, oko kukuthi, abahlala kwindawo ioksijini-simahla umzimba.

Ukuphefumla kubalulekile kwaye kwenzeka ngalo lonke umphezulu lomzimba ethintela ioksijini ngqo emanzini ngokusebenzisa ezininzi pores ezincinane.

turbellarians Power

Inkoliso yezi izilwanyana kwiintshaba abaninzi kubo inkqubo yokucola lwangaphandle. Ukuphuma umlomo engaba ixhoba, umbungu kwizicatshulwa imfihlelo okhethekileyo, eveliswe kwamadlala pharyngeal, leyo digests ukutya ngaphandle. Emva koku, umbungu yadika ayo okunesondlo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba ukugaywa lwangaphandle.

uhlobo Feed flatworms Class ciliary intlanzi becala ezincinane kunye nezinye ezingenamqolo. ukungakwazi ukuginya nokuba ukwambula intlanzi enkulu iqokobhe, amanundu cell yencindi abe esikhethekileyo ezaliswe enzyme. It kuthambisa ixhoba, phantse ukuba kwetyiswe kuyo, umbungu ngoko yadika nje imixholo iqokobhe.

Ubukho izinyo ziimpethu ithatha pharynx, ngazo ukuginya yonke ukutya. Ukuba ixhoba mkhulu, umbungu elibukhali owanyayo iintshukumo ze iinyembezi emlonyeni, ziphuma kuyo intwana encinane, ngokuthe ngcembe iginya zonke-chola amaxhoba.

buphindwe

Class worms ciliated thaca Italasi, ukuba zombini gonads inkunzi nemazi. Amadoda iiseli amatyhalarha. Zimke amajelo imbewu ezizodwa bamnikele amadlozi kwindawo intlanganiso kunye namaqanda.

esini Female zimelwe zamaqanda apho iqanda kwi tubes zithunyelwa nzulu yelungu lobufazi, kwaye ke benziwa cloaca zangasese.

kwezichumiso Sexual kwenzeka umnqamlezo. Iintshulube yanjalo buchumisa enye, amadlozi khosi injecting ngalinye ngokusebenzisa copulatory lungu ifuze ipipi esisekuqaleni cloaca zangasese.

fluid ZakwaLizwi fertilizes iqanda kunye iqanda ibunjiwe, iqokobhe camera. amaqanda worm ibekwe idubule apho ndlovu ukukhuhla umntu imbonakalo efanayo Ndathi kwimpethu abadala.

Kuphela turbellarians (uhlobo flatworms ciliated Class) ukusuka iqanda ibonakala efana omdala kwindawo kakhulu ukuba lizokudada kunye ngoncedo isiliya kunye nezinto ezincinane bade bakhule, hayi ingaguqulwa njani na ibe worm abadala.

Ezi ntshulube kukhula asexually. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba ntshulube kubonakala esinqeni, ngokuthe ngcembe yahlula libe ngamalungu amabini alinganayo. iqhekeza ngalinye uba umntu elahlukileyo ekhula ngokwayo kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungu esebenza.

An umthamo olumangalisayo ngokutsha

Ezinye abameli iimpethu ciliated, umzekelo, planarian, aphinde akwazi ukubuyisela iindawo ezonakeleyo lomzimba. Nkqu kwezahlulo ubungakanani isidumbu isahlulo sekhulu abantu liphela kwakhona akhule umbungu entsha ngokupheleleyo-enobugcisa.

Ukususela ukuze ngaloo ndlela Planaria trehvetvistyh bafunda ukuphila phantsi ezimbi endaweni yakhe. Xa ukwanda okubonakalayo lobushushu emanzini, kunye nokunqongophala ioksijini ziimpethu ngokuzenzekelayo phula ube ngamaqhekeza ukuba edlulileyo izakugcinwa kwakhona xa okutsha, xa iimeko zangaphandle ubuyele esiqhelweni.

Turbellarians Planaria - ummeli likhulu eklasini ehlala amachibi. Irhamncwa Sidla ezingenamqolo ezincinane. Bona ukudla iimpethu iintlanzi musa ukufumana ngenxa amadlala ezivelisa izinto eziyityhefu.

nezilwanyana

Kuba turbellarians olwaye lwamfimfitha ziquka:

• Temnotsefaly eziphila eluswini ezingenamqolo amatsha kunye amahobe, nokubekwa phezu komhlaba umzimba amaqanda host. Temnotsefaly ubungakanani obuncinane (15 mm) lomzimba tyaba, kukho Mpondwana eziliqela. Turbellaria yi Italasi kwaye uhlala kakhulu ikhweyitha esemazantsi.
• Udonellidy - ngaphambili zihlelwa flukes, kodwa ngoku zikhetwa kwi turbellarians squad. Zinelungelo umzimba enembonakalo zezindlu kunye ubungakanani obuncinane (ukuya ku-3 mm). Ngoncedo beekomityi sokufunxa zincamathele intlanzi, nto leyo, ikutyela phezu iigilizi ziintlanzi ezinkulu zaselwandle.

Ezinye turbellarians ezifumaneka kuphela emanzini izimvu, ngenxa ekwahlukeni yamanzi alo. turbellarians abaninzi nje kuphela ingozi, kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwindawo yazo. Yokonakalisa mbambela ezincinane, baqhubeka phantsi kolawulo abemi ezingenamqolo, angavumeli ukuba akhule ukuya ngobukhulu engakholelekiyo.