Ubuchule kunye biography of Osip Hope

Phakathi amabali amaninzi emangalisayo abakhaya ezinkulu biography of Osip Hope, nangona awabelwa kwelona ezikhethekileyo, kodwa bakhumbula ngenxa intlekele yayo. Ngexesha yakhe emfutshane, yena ubungqina neziphithiphithi ezimbini, kubonakala kuphela ihlabathi lakhe; kodwa kule mihobe. Ngaphandle kwezi, umsebenzi Osip Hope iquka iprozi, izincoko ezininzi, izincoko, iinguqulelo kunye ukuhlalutya uncwadi.

ebuntwaneni

Osip Emilevich Mandelshtam, umYuda ngokuzalwa, owazalelwa ngoJanuwari 1891 kwikomkhulu Polish, nto leyo ngaloo mihla wabelwa ukuba eRashiya. Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa usapho unyana wakhe bafudukela eSt Petersburg. Aemilius Veniaminovich, uyise womntwana lowo, wenza ukuphila ishishini isikhuseli, kwakunye umrhwebi labakhandi yokuqala, ngoko akazange entle kuluntu. Umama wakhe, Flora Verblovskaya, wafunda umculo, uthando apho njengelifa omncinane kunye Hope. Osip kwisithuba ukususela 1900 ukuya 1907 wafunda imfundo Tenishev yesikolo ophambili leyo yakuba ifunyenwe Nabokov. Emva kokuphumelela, abazali kuthumela unyana wakhe eParis, yaye kamva - eJamani (ngenxa ukhuseleko mali). Xa Sorbonne waya iintetho ezininzi, sadibana imibongo French kwaye uyakufezekisa umhlobo wakhe elizayo - UNikolai Gumilyov.

Amazing

Ngelishwa, Hope bomkhaya ngo-1911, yaye Osip wabuyela eSt Petersburg. Kulo nyaka mnye wabhalisa kwiYunivesithi yase St. Petersburg kwicandelo zembali-philological, kodwa yena akazange ukuphatha ukufumana uqeqesho phambi kokuphela yokungathembeki, kwaye bagxothwa ngowe-1917. Ngeli xesha, sympathies zakhe zezopolitiko zanikwa Ekhohlo Socialist-mbuso kunye Democrats Social. Yena bakhuthalele ushumayela Marxism. Ubuchule Osip Hope wambumba ngakumbi le xesha French yobomi bakhe, yaye le mibongo abonwe kuqala kwi "Apollo" Journal of Ukukhanya ngo-1910.

"Thenga Iimbongi"

Ngoko ke Kuthathwa ukuba iimbongi zisoloko ezifunekayo kunye namaqabane yelo owayenethombo ethile. Group "iimbongi ivenkile" bezibandakanya abantu abaziwayo ezifana Gumilev, Akhmatova, Sergei Gorodetsky, yaye, ke, iintlanganiso badla khona Hope. Osip kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala kwamane imiqondiso; kodwa kamva waba acmeism ngumlandeli njengabahlobo bakhe ukusuka club. Grain le meko icacile, imifanekiso lokwenyani ngokucacileyo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1913, ukuqokelelwa yokuqala yemibongo yi Hope ebizwa ngokuba "Stone" iye yafakwa umoya kuyo acmeism. Kuloo minyaka efanayo, uthetha esidlangalaleni, ndibuvelela "abalahlekana Dog" abanolwazi Blok, Tsvetaeva kunye Livshits.

yeminyaka yokuba lundwendwe

Biography Osipa Mandelshtama kweli xesha anzima kakhulu. Xa uqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo ngenxa umkhumbula imbongi ngaphambili. Kodwa revolution ka-1917 kakhulu kubonakala ngokucacileyo lyrics zakhe. izimvo zakhe zefilosofi kunye nezopolitiko kwakhona zatshintsha, eli xesha bakhetha kwiBolsheviks. Wabhala imibongo emininzi, nxamnye nokumkani kunye nomkhosi. Ngeli xesha uzuza udumo ngakumbi nempumelelo, uhamba esebenzayo kweli lizwe kwaye zibhalwe ezahlukeneyo ezipapashiweyo. ezibangela Unknown ukumkhuthaza ukuba afudukele eKiev, apho wayehlala ngexesha umfazi elizayo Osipa Mandelshtama, Nadezhda Hazina. Phambi emtshatweni, ekwagqitywa ngayo ngo-1922, ngoku lixesha lokuba achithe ixesha elithile eCrimea, apho wabanjwa esolwa yamaBolshevik zobuntlola. Konyaka emva kokukhutshwa isiphelo uthumela ukuba eGeorgia. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho ngoko ekhangela isimanga elibi. Waphinda wafaka ngasemva nemivalo, kodwa ngenxa yemigudu noogxa zasekuhlaleni, uyakwazi ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi in Soviet Russia

Ngoko nangoko emva ukuvalelwa e Georgia engobomi Osipa Mandelshtama kwakhona ubuyela yakowabo Petrograd wakhe. isimo sakhe sengqondo revolution kubonakaliswe yokuqokelela elilandelayo zemibongo phantsi kwesihloko Tristia, epapashwa ngo-1922 e-Berlin. Emva koko idibanisa yena kunye imixokelelwane ezingcwele Nadezhda. Xa imisebenzi ixesha ngukumkani ntlekele esimnandi, elandelwa balangazelele yokulahlekelwa kunye neenqobo, abantu kunye neendawo. Emva koko, imbongi Osip Hope ingena nentlekele enzulu ukuzitya yesihobe, ekuqaleni abalandeli tsakisaka ra ziindinyana nje ezimbalwa, leyo twa ngaphezu kokufa inkcubeko endala. Kwaye kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu (1925 ukuya 1930) yaye akazange abhale nto, ngaphandle iprozi. Ubunokwazi asinde kwindawo ngqwabalala, oko okungama. Ingqokelela Esesithathu nesokugqibela osihloko nje "Imibongo" epapashwe ngo-1928. Kule ke ekhuthaza kakhulu Bukharin, ngubani na indawo yokugqibela kwi yesicelo. Noko ke, abaxhasi Stalin, uhlanganisa amandla, ifuna azisebenzisele ungasuka yimbongi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Biography Osipa Mandelshtama kwi 30 asibeke kunye nomfazi wakhe eCaucasus, nto leyo nayo ngaphandle uncedo nobunzima Bukharin. Kunoko, ithuba lokuba athathe yokusabela elubhacweni ngaphezu kwabanye. uhambo Osipu Emilevichu kunceda ukubuyisela umdla kwisihobe, nto leyo ingqokelela zezincoko "Journey Armenia", apho ke, wayengazamkeli ideology. Emva kweminyaka 3 imbongi ubuyela ekhaya. izimvo zakhe iguquka kwakhona, njengoko ayeze ngaphambili ukuphoxeka ubukomanisi ecace ngokupheleleyo engqondweni yakhe. Ukusuka usiba lwakhe ngaphandle epigram nehlazo "yesicelo yedwa", apho afunde uluntu ukwazi. Phakathi aba bantu yeyona ozisa, ngubani ongxamele ingxelo Stalin. Ngowe-1934, Osip silindele omnye yokubulawa ekuthinjweni e Perm, apho sikhatshwa umfazi othembekileyo. Apho ezama ukuzibulala, kodwa iinzame ubotshiwe kuphumelele. Emva koko, esi sibini uthunyelwa Voronezh. Kwaba kukhona ke zabhalwa eyona kunye mibongo yakutshanje esayiniweyo "Osip Hope", engobomi kunye nobuchule leyo, banqunyulwe ngo-1938.

ukufa

Ngowe-1937, imbongi kunye nomfazi wakhe babuyela eMoscow. Noko ke, emva nje konyaka, waphinda wabanjwa ku Samatihe. wagwetywa lakhe iminyaka emihlanu kwiinkampu zemfundo-kwakhona. Ngelishwa, akukho yesifo uyagula, esebenza kwenye indawo kufuphi Vladivostok, apho afe. Uninzi yemibongo zakhe ziye zasinda ngenxa imigudu ngumfazi wakhe. Ekuhambeni kwakhe, ne Ekhaya namakhonkco wamfihla imisebenzi umyeni wakhe okanye ukunkqaya. Hope wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni.