ULeonard Peltier: biography kanye photo

Peltier Leonard - owaziwayo woluntu, ogama lakhe edibene kumzabalazo American amaIndiya amalungelo abo. Ngenxa yoko, omnye ukungquzulana amandla kunye nabemi zomthonyama of America, lo mntu entolongweni, uhlala kule mini phantse iminyaka engamashumi amane. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ugwetyiwe sikweni. ULeonard Peltier - mhlawumbi Indian modernity edumileyo, yaziwa kakuhle yaye ohloniphekileyo.

ebuntwaneni nzima

Future sekuhleni wazalwa ngomhla weshumi kweyoMsintsi, 1944 kwintsapho amaNdiya yelo ngokwezizwe kunye anishinabe Dakota. indawo awazalelwa kuyo ngabantu igama Peltier Leonard - North Dakota (ugcino Turtle Mauntan).

ebuntwaneni kaLeonard kwakunzima. ubuhlwempu Family, yaye, njengoko kusoloko kusenzeka, ukunqongophala ezondeleyo imali kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezibulalayo. unina womntwana, ukuba wenze isonka, bakhonza ihenyukazi. Utata, owaba nako ukufumana imali eyaneleyo ukuze intsapho yakhe, nako ukuma, waza waqalisa ukusela kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abazali baqhawule umtshato, kwaye Peltier oselula wathunyelwa imeko yezikolo zokuhlala Indian "Vahpeton", apho ingqeqesho bumandundu waba ngukumkani.

Emva esikolweni, uLeonard Peltier wabuyela Turtle Mauntan kwaye uhlala notata wakhe. Yonke into eyenzekayo kule ndawo, oko kukuthi ulawulo amapolisa ngokungqongqo yaye uzama ukuphila Bomthonyama baseMerika ngaphandle kwedolophu, musa uthanda umfana wokuthand kunye nenkxalabo okusesikweni. Kangangexesha elide angabi nako ukuhlala basonge izandla.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Ngowe-1970, amashumi amabini anesithandathu Peltier ULeonard izibandakanya intshukumo ye American amaIndiya kwaye uthatha indima ebonakalayo iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zoqhankqalazo.

Ngokomzekelo, yena, kunye namanye amalungu AIM (Indian Movement American), kuthwalelwa phandle umntu "capture 'of adi (Agency for the namaNdiya), bathatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo osihloko sithi" Indlela ukophulwa contract "," ukuthatha "Fort Lawton kunye t. D. nje ilungu eziqhelekileyo lombutho likwazile ukuba enye yezona abadumileyo kwamalungu ayo kangangeminyaka eliqela. Angesabi, ukungafuni ukuba banyamezele abantu isazela sakhe kunye notshaba, ukuzinikela kunye nokunyamezela wenza Peltier odumileyo. Kodwa akazange onwabe, ngokuba ndayihluthwa nto zexabiso umntu unokuba - inkululeko.

Esi siganeko owaguqula ubomi

NgoJuni 1975 kwakukho isiganeko, bayahlule ubomi Indian itshantliziyo eliselula kwi "phambi" yaye "emva." backstory bakhe oku: emva mvukelo owatshabalalisa i Pine Ridge Ukubekwa ngo-1973, lo yokugqibela kwi-akhawunti ekhethekileyo amapolisa. Ukuze ukulawula amaIndiya wesizwe Oglala Dakota, FBI Guide aze afakwa kuye amagosa amabini, umsebenzi wayo kukuba ukulandela inyathelo ngalinye sabavukeli owodwa nobonisa ukuba ingxelo "phezulu" kwi zonke iinkcukacha.

Kuba inxenye yayo, hayi ingasebenzi, kunye namalungu AIM. Bamisa iintente kufuphi kwilali ukuze kukhuselwe ugcino ekucudiseni karhulumente. Sinokuthi ngexesha Pine Ridge waba inqaba ntliziyo, ekwakukho phakathi Leonard Peltier.

Phakathi kwamapolisa kunye nabahlali baloo lali yaye emva koko kwakukho isidubedube. Komdlalo, owenzeka amabini anesithandathu ka-Juni 1975, laphela okubuhlungu kakhulu uninzi lwabathabathi nxaxheba ...

Ngale mini, iiarhente ezimbini FBI atyhoboza, angena kulo fama Ukutsiba Bull kubamba i Indian orhanelwa lukhuni. nxaxheba Alert dai wangenelela. Edubula, nto leyo yakhokelela FBI, izimvu babulawa. Esi siganeko kwakhona kwafa elinye Indians abaselula umlinganiselo. Okubulala lo arhente ummangalelwa Peltier ezintathu amaqabane akhe. Kungekudala, kunye intlawulo yokugqibela ilahliwe, kunye uLeonard wacinezela wayebaleka.

operation sazela

Emva kokuba iziganeko ezenzeka ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithandathu kaJuni, i-FBI lasungula umsebenzi elimasikizi yokohlwaya nxamnye amaNdiya Pine Ridge. Izenzo zabo emehlweni abaqeshwa benkonzo karhulumente siqhutywa iingxelo zobuxoki ngoko oogxa babo baye bahlukunyezwa, kodwa lokubulala ngokwayo ndikhohlakele phambi kokufa kwakhe. Inelungelo agents umzimba zaye eqonda ngokoqobo kunye ngembumbulu (nangona enyanisweni nganye bafumana amanxeba ezintathu).

Abahlali ndawo emadolweni isixhobo esinamandla, basoloko phantsi ehlasela avalelwe kwimeko unqabile ukunika ubungqina bobuxoki ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye noxinzelelo engqondweni.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungqina a Native American Myrtle oselula nxamnye uLeonard Peltier nabo wafumana ngale ndlela. Ubeke ukuba umhlobo osenyongweni langoku lomzabalazo kwi uphumezo agents zabo.

uphenyo

Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba lobuxoki ubungqina umtshakazi ubuxoki Peltier Leonard - lomzabalazo of the American Indian Movement, waye wabekwa ngokusesikweni ngokubulala arhente FBI Jack Koulera kunye Ronald Williams. Ngelo xesha, a mvukeli waba sele kude nekhaya - eKhanada, namandla akhe bafuna kakhulu States. Ukuya ukubanjwa igama usapho lomzabalazo kuluhlu-mthetho ezininzi wayefuna ezilishumi we-United States of America.

Ngelo xesha, uphando wayesiya. Ngokutsho iziphumo kwabonakala ukuba FBI walimala kuqala ze emva koko wadubula ngaxa uluhlu elingabhalwanga. Wenza ke obethe lokugqibela, ngokutsho nabaphandi, yi uLeonard Peltier, ifoto ethe sixhonywe kuyo yonke imiqobo.

Ukubanjwa, kwetyala kunye nokuqiniseka

Xa abanye abamangalelwa ezimbini kwimeko afunyaniswa engenatyala - amaNdiya Butler kunye Robidoux, - ukuzingelwa mbaleki nabo wazuza inkohlakalo okhethekileyo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni Peltier Leonard, engobomi ogama waqala e North Dakota, wafunyanwa waza wabanjwa phantse namawaka amabini ohanjiweyo ngeekhilomitha ukusuka ekhaya - kwidolophu Hinton (Canada). Wabanjwa kwaye zibekwe zodwa evalelwe entolongweni eKhanada, yaye kamva ukuya kwilizwe labo.

Ityala le kumzabalazo, otyholwa ngokubulala kabini kwenzeka kwidolophu Fargo North Dakota. Ngosuku lokuqala zasehlotyeni 1977 Peltier Leonard (American Indian Movement) wafunyanwa enetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho waze wagwetywa ukuba izivakalisi ubomi ezimbini (enye arhente nganye) entolongweni. In the US inkqubo yomthetho badla kukho iimeko xa abantu bagwetyelwe izivakalisi ezininzi ebomini okanye ukunika ixesha "wasemzini". Umzekelo, ikhulu elinamanci okanye namakhulu amabini eminyaka. Olu hlobo izivakalisi kuthetha ukuba emva kokufa komzimba umntu ogwetyiweyo ukuba alinikwa izalamane kunye isidumbu sakhe ukuze ashiye entolongweni kuphela emva "kokumka" swi kota. Melika lelona lizwe kakhulu yedemokhrasi ehlabathini, yintoni ningadinwa ukukhumbuza kwihlabathi abezepolitiki yayo. Kodwa, okumangalisayo, kweli lizwe kukho umkhwa ezimbi ungenako kubizwa ngokuba abantu.

Ingxelo ngu uLeonard Peltier

Nokuba uhlala entolongweni waseKhanada, Peltier wabhenela kwinkundla kweli lizwe kunye noluntu kwihlabathi kunye nengxelo elikhulu. Wabiza le izityholo lamanga kwaye ityala - kwezopolitiko. Amatshantliziyo ummangalelwa urhulumente US intshutshiso abantu ngendlela "obugolide" ngubani kangangeenkulungwane ahlala kumazwe of America, waza ke baqhutywa ngaphandle ngabasemzini mhlophe Ugcino. Kodwa loo ntsimi, leyo besekho amaNdiya, ngokutsho Peltier, iphele. Abantu abamhlophe anxamnye labemi zabemi imfazwe yokwenene, ukuzama ukuba asuse umhlaba wabo, inkululeko kunye nobomi. Lo mlambo, apho Indians basele, ugalele inkunkuma imetyhuri, imimandla okugcinelwa iingqameko, nabantu abo uzama ukukhusela amalungelo abantu bakhe, bahlale akutshabalalise okanye ingadibani kuluntu.

Ekupheleni kwingxelo yakhe, uLeonard Peltier wabuza urhulumente waseKhanada ukuba babe negalelo yezenzo zolwaphulo karhulumente US umfumanise yokhuseleko kwezopolitiko. Kodwa ke, yeha, isicelo wakhe imvume.

Irallie exhasa Peltier

Emva kwexesha elithile emva kokuvela enkundleni kwaye isigwebo kwacaca ukuba FBI ifihliweyo abacuphi lulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu. izigqibo angala iingcali ballistic ', nto leyo yathi iimbumbulu itsalwa imizimba-arhente abafileyo azikhutshwa ukusuka umpu Leonarda Peltiera. kamva Nditsho abasebenzi benkonzo wavuma ukuba abazi ukuba ngubani obulele noogxa babo.

ukuthandabuza xa wetyala Peltier wenza umbutho kawonke "Amnesty International", engaquki amkhulule yamacala inxaxheba kule impixano, izinto ezo ezenzeka ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithandathu kaJuni, kodwa umbulali itshantliziyo abazange ukubala.

Omnye emva komnye ekhusela umntu ogwetyiweyo waqalisa ukuthetha imibutho ehlabathini jikelele, kuquka eSoviet Union, nto leyo eye ngokuphindaphindiweyo izenzo ezenzeke luxhase elilwela amalungelo amaNdiya. Yonke imihla wempi ngaphezulu kunamazwi malunga ityala lamanga nemvelaphi yayo zezopolitiko. Nkqu UN ecela ukuba kukhululwe Leonard, kodwa American Themis zonke ngoyaba.

Lwezikhalazo uJaji Heaney

Noko ke, abanye abameli kwinkqubo yenkundla US kunjalo uzama ukubuyisela ubulungisa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1991, uJaji Heaney wathi abasemagunyeni US ukuba wona. Kunokuba ukusebenzisa isilumkiso xa eqhubana amaIndiya, babonisa inkohlakalo nengcinezelo, ebangela uqhankqalazo esemthethweni. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho nomgwebi lowo, urhulumente United States kufuneka babelane uxanduva yombhodamo kunye nabavukeli. Ke kaloku omnye wabo - Peltier Leonard kufuneka XOLELA. Mr Heaney wayezama ukuqinisekisa umphakathi ukuba ukukhululwa Ekuqaleni itshantliziyo iya kuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuluxolelaniso iindawo usilwa abantu America.

Isicelo soxolelo

Ngelishwa, akukho ilizwi yemibutho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu ehlabathini, okanye iingxoxo yoMgwebi Heaney azizange akaviwa. Kwaba kuphela ngo-2009, yaye yabamba Commission parole Peltier.

Ngokutsho komthetho US, ibanjwa bakhonza iminyaka emashumi abangazange benze izono ezinzulu banelungelo lokucela ngok. ULeonard Peltier uye entolongweni ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, yaye wasebenzisa ilungelo lakhe.

Ngexesha ukugwetywa itshantliziyo wenza intetho yemizuzu-asithoba. amandla amaninzi kakhulu wangqinela Peltier kombisiweke bamxhasa ngokwemiqathango lwezindlu kunye nomsebenzi, ukuba akhululwe.

Inkundla kwakhona wahlala akanankathalo, ngokuthatha ecaleni abatshutshisi kunye FSB. A elilwela amalungelo amaNdiya unanamhla kuyaqhubeka ukuba ibe ngaphaya kwezitshixo. Kwaye ke ithuba elilandelayo ukucela soxolelo uya kuvela kuphela ngo-2024. Kodwa ingaba ibanjwa uya kuphila ngokuvisisana eli xesha?

Imisebenzi ejele

Waze lineminyaka kuluntu, Peltier gqolo ukuqhuba imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. ke ayohlulwanga umoya wakhe, nezandla phantsi. Iminyaka yokuthinjwa elilwela amalungelo amaNdiya bazama ukuchitha akanakusebenzisa. Wabhala incwadi buqu "Iincwadi Prison: My Life - Umdaniso wam Sun", eyapapashwa ngo-1999, kwaye iye wenza nezinye iintshukumo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

amaxesha Six Peltier Leonard - eyaziwa US lomzabalazo - watyunjwa ukuba Nobel Peace Prize. Kwaye ngo-2004, unyaka lo mntu esisodwa wada wabaleka ukuze umongameli waseUnited States, ukukhetha njengeqonga sezopolitiko "iqela woxolo kunye nenkululeko."

Ukubaluleka umntu

UMongameli itshantliziyo abazange babe, kodwa namhlanje sinokuthi ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba Peltier Leonard - hero American kwaye enye amabanjwa ezopolitiko edume kakhulu ngoku. Abemi zemveli i-USA kubona Peltier nkolo kunye yingelosi yakhe. Abantu abaninzi abanazo ngokunxulumene amaIndiya, bawazisa le ncwadi, eyabhalwa Peltier nemizobo yakhe. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba imbeko nentlonipho kuzo zonke - ukuba kukho amandla yentsimbi, umoya baze ebathanda abantu bakhe, kuba ulonwabo apho Leonard Peltier alwe, nakuba entolongweni.