Ubume empumlo

Nose - lo mmandla lokuqala iphecana nokuphefumla (ngokuma) umntu, apho unikwe inani imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, efana kufudumala buso kunye amafutha air, alihlambulule evela Cya yayintsholongwane eyosulela nothuli, kwaye ngakumbi ekuqhubeni emqaleni wayo. Ukongeza, ezi sinuses ezi resonators isandi okulungileyo inxaxheba ekubunjweni intetho yabantu. Anatomy of the impumlo entsonkothileyo kakhulu umdla. Cinga isakhiwo empumlweni ngakumbi.

Nose Isakhiwo: amasebe

It isigqibo sokwabela iinxalenye ezimbini impumlo: i ngeempumlo kwisisu (ingxenye engaphakathi) kunye nempumlo lwangaphandle.

Imilo ye impumlo lwangaphandle ufana iphiramidi ubunjwe intlala bone ziingceba. ekhaleni amathambo lwangaphandle eziqhotyoshelwe ithambo ngokungqalileyo, oyinxalenye emva empumlweni. Amaphiko kwakheka intlala osecaleni, leyo, ngathi intlala kwe ekudibaneni ngeempumlo zibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni shape impumlo. Intlala kunye namathambo ngeempumlo zenze isakhiwo ethile yokwakheka, ebizwa impumlo ithambeka. Njengoko yokwakheka zangaphandle impumlo Ukwakheka ekhoyo kuphela yabantu, livela lu dityanisiwe inguqu kwinkqubo yeentshukumo (ejikeleza ethe nkqo kwi yomibini) kunye nophuhliso intetho.

Faka i ngeempumlo yahlulahlulwe nzima kakhulu ngaphezu impumlo engaphandle zilahlwa ngaphakathi lukakayi, erhangqwe kunye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo yokwakheka - yomlomo lweHo- cipande cranial fossa neliso neziseko. Komgodi ngeempumlo inxibelelane choanal ngokusebenzisa pharynx, yaye emngxunyeni pyriform oluthi luqokelelane ngeempumlo yobuso amathambo, kunye samarhanana elisesangweni.

amathambo zobuso wethambo lukakayi, kuba isaphetha webs iindonga eziliqela. ithambo Ethmoid wabumba eliphezulu langaphandle eludongeni, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo bone ekudibaneni - zangaphakathi ithambo palatal kwemihlathi eliphezulu - asezantsi. Ezilukhuni kakhulu isakhiwo udonga olungaphandle ukuba kwelivi ezintathu ingamathambo, ekwabizwa ngokuba conchae: ezantsi, phezulu kunye embindini. iqokobhe Lower, nto leyo eyahlukileyo, ithambo ukuzeyisa, abe imilinganiso kakhulu. amaqokobhe oluphakathi kunye eliphezulu - kuba iinkqubo ze amathambo ethmoid. iqokobhe nganye ibekwe phezu ibaleka impumlo, nto leyo nayo ezintathu: phezulu, ezantsi phakathi. Zonke ezintathu turbinate zekhala kunye ngeempumlo ezahlulwa isithuba ezamahala, ebizwa eqhelekileyo swing impumlo. Loo isakhiwo empumlo, ezizezi inkqubo ngeempumlo kubaluleke kakhulu kwi humidification kunye Ukufudumala umoya ungena empumlweni.

Ukongeza ngethambo kunye intlala, ezidlala indima enkulu lokusekwa impumlo kunye nokulondolozwa isimo sayo, kukho inani elikhulu kwemisebenzi lwenziwa yi-inwebu kwiinwebu lweHo- ngeempumlo. Yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamaqela amabini: ukuqgiba kunye zemiphunga. Ummandla ukuqgiba yi ezikhethekileyo ngokungqongqo kwaye iqulathe inani enkulu receptors ukuqgiba, eyenzelwe ukuqonda amavumba. Ii-zale ngingqi ukuqgiba kunokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga ukuphelelwa umsebenzi wayo. Oku kwenzeka xa ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinothuli okanye nomsi, kunye umkhuhlane rhoqo kunye nezifo wentsholongwane egazini, kwaye sesichengeni ezinganyangekiyo nezinto eziyingozi ezinetyhefu.

Uninzi ngeempumlo ngakwimida icandelo isifo sokuphefumla ukuba ezininzi iimpawu zezakhiwo. Ezi mpawu utsaleleka ngokuyintloko ukuhluzwa umoya bachitha ngokusebenzisa kwisisu ngeempumlo. Umphezulu iyonke inwebu yokuphefumla uxakaxa wambu inani kakhulu isiliya, leyo Urhintyelwe amasuntswana eluthulini, ngenxa ngokuphindelela Intshukumo isiliya ukuya ngomnyango, bakhawuleza asuswe ngokwaneleyo. Ngaphezu koko, yonke mucosal komhlaba iqulethe amadlala ezithile mucosal ukuba cell yencindi ethile, ukuqokelela uthuli kumphezulu wayo neentsholongwane, kwaye emva koko evacuates kubo. Ukwakhiwa kwale yencindi iquka izinto ezininzi zokulwa iintsholongwane kunye iintsholongwane izifo. Udonga phambili ngqo phantsi inwebu yangaphakathi i iseti ezenza plexus lwemithambo, injongo ephambili apho - ke ubushushu komoya nghena impumlo.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isakhiwo impumlo inzima kakhulu ngaphezu kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala. impumlo sethu "igumbi efihlakeleyo" ezikhethekileyo - sinuses ngeempumlo avulekileyo lweHo- ngeempumlo enze kufudumeze umoya olongezelelweyo. Sinuses wambethe uxakaxa, kukho ezingama kweentlobo-4:

1. maxillary okanye sinus maxillary. Bona elise ngasekunene nangasekhohlo Ebubanzini emhlathini eliphezulu. Imibono zezi sinuses ligutyungelwe phantse ngokupheleleyo inwebu yangaphakathi.

2. Le sinus ngokungqalileyo nayo bafundelane ngezibini, ukuba ibekwe ithambo ngokungqalileyo.

3. Xa umzimba ithambo ethmoid inikwa ngumntu ezininzi Iiseli sinuses ethmoid.

4. Uchazo sinus sphenoid i isali Turkish emzimbeni wethambo sphenoid.