Gene - yintoni na le nto? yemfuza inzululwazi Amazing elimangalisayo

Kutheni umntu ukhangela ngaloo ndlela hayi omnye? Kutheni abantwana nabazali babo, oomawokhulu, abazalwana noodade? Lo mbuzo abantu abanomdla elide phambi kokuba ukuvela nenzululwazi imizila yemfuza. Yena esanda kutshanje. Ngunozala le inzululwazi luthathwa Gregor Mendel, owayephila kwinkulungwane XIX yaye zakhiwe imithetho ezininzi, ngokoko apho kukho ilifa iimpawu ezithile.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, le ndawo iinzululwazi abanomdla yaye ifumene nophuhliso kakhulu. Ngowe-1909 kokuba siye saqulunqwa kwaye ufake kwi ukusetyenziswa ingqiqo sofuzo. Gene - yinxalenye chain DNA, yonke kweleli kabini eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo ifumaneka kuzo zonke iseli zabantu yaye uthwala zonke iinkcukacha ngayo. DNA nayo ifumaneka kwiiseli intsholongwane, kwaye xa kudityaniswa ngumxube DNA eziphilayo ezimbini ukuvelisa wesekethe ezintsha kunye ezizodwa elihlanganisa i DNA kungekuphela nje izinto umzali, kodwa iinxalenye ngemixokelelwane wooyise. Gene - iyunithi ulwazi malunga nayiphi na inkalo okanye iqela kwiimpawu ezininzi ephilayo. Ezinye izakhi ngokuyinxenye ziyadibana ulwazi okubhalwe kuzo, ngoko wabonakala izidalwa ngalinye nge ukuzala, ukuba wahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Kukholelwa ukuba zonke iinkcukacha malunga ephilayo ufakwe ubuncinane malunga ne30-50 amawaka yemfuza, kodwa zinokuba kakhulu ngakumbi. Oko kukuthi, zonke iimpawu zobuso, umbala iinwele, ulusu, amehlo, nail imilo, zonke iinkqubo pathways - zonke ezi khowudi iqela okanye aneeDNA ngamnye. Yinto umdla kakhulu ukuhlola ukuwuqonda! Le nto izazinzulu futhi amazwe.

yemfuza Ezinto - enye amacandelo nenzululwazi jikelele - lizimisele ukufunda ulwakhiwo sofuzo. Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, isakhiwo sayo nonlinear ngokuqhelekileyo luqulathe ulandelelwano ezimbini: ukhowudo non-iikhowudi, babiziweyo, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye exon nitrone. Le lokufumanisa senziwa emva kokufunda DNA ye eukaryotes, oko kukuthi genome ye ephilayo ogama iiseli ziqulathe nucleus. Enyanisweni, kwemolekyuli DNA iqulathe nucleotides, leyo encoder lonke ulwazi emzimbeni. Kwaye ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa chemistry yonke le protini.

Latest zinto impumelelo yemfuza wamnika amayeza amandla okuqhubela, engazali ibhayoloji, forensics kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi. ukuqonda oluchanileyo uhlobo lolwazi ntoni na isakhi ethile - ngundoqo ekunyangeni izifo ezininzi. Ungafumanisa imvelaphi yalo okanye loo mntu ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphika ukuzalana kwabantu ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nokunye okuninzi. Kwixesha elizayo, xa izazinzulu ziya kukwazi ukuba zilinganisa zilungise gene angabenza izifo ezininzi, ukuba kuziswe ezintsha zezityalo iintlobo kunye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Ingaba na ilinge?

Xa genetics, kukho umdla concept - gene kwemali. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkangeleko lwabemi olunye inani elikhulu yemfuza sizalwa kwezinye
labantu ngenxa nokuphuma yokufuduka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba sisebenzisa eli gama ebantwini, umxube kwentlanga ezimbini, nokwenziwa.

Genetics - an inzululwazi emangalisayo kunye umdla kakhulu, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kunye zithembisa. Inika kuphela uya kuba yintoni, kodwa sinokufumanisa ukuba yintoni na. Ngoncedo wayo, uyakwazi uqinisekise okanye ukuphikisa iingcamango akhoyo yimbonakalo yomntu.