Ukondla iinyosi isiraphu iswekile ebusika: imithetho olinganise

Ukuba beekeeper - oku kwesayensi ekhethekileyo nje kuphela, kodwa ke ubugcisa ngokungangqalanga. Inyathelo ngalinye kubalulekile, zonke izenzo iqulathe uphuhliso ngempumelelo apiary okanye ukulahleka ngamathanga bee. Omnye wemingeni enzima ejongene beekeeper - iinyosi ubusika. Omnye yemiqathango ibaluleke kakhulu ebusika ngempumelelo - bondle isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika. Malunga ibonwe, ezisetyenziswa, ixesha kunye lobushushu mxhesho zeBRT enzelwe kuba oku kuya kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

Imigaqo lokondla iinyosi

Phambi kokuba beekeeper na iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili:

• iintsapho Bee ukubonelela iimeko ubomi obuqhelekileyo nokuthintela izifo zophuhliso iinyosi.
• Fumana isivuno eliphezulu iimveliso ukufuywa. Oku kungaphunyezwa kuphela xa iimeko ezisisiseko: izinambuzane kufuneka zifumane izondlo kwi mali efunekayo.

Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uqinisekise bee amathanga iimeko ezintathu:

1. ukunyoba Spring kufuneka kunceda uphuhliso leenyosi akhulayo kwaye womelele.

2. Oyintloko ukunyotywa kufuneka kwandiswa ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye ebalulekileyo umthamo, ukuze iinyosi ungasebenzisa ngempumelelo ukuba iimveliso apiculture.

3. ukunyoba Autumn kufuneka kujoliswe ekuqiniseni nophuhliso amandla bee koloni.

Iimpawu lokondla yasekwindla-ebusika

Ukuba amathanga bee ubusi zendalo ukutya akwanelanga, oko kufuneka kwenziwe ukutyebisa isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika. Imithetho elawula ukuziphatha yayo ezithile ixesha:

1. Ukususela Agasti kufuneka uqale bondle isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika. Olinganise isiraphu sugar: 1 kg yeswekile - 1.5 eelitha zamanzi. Inxalenye ye ukusetyenziswa ngemihla - up to grams 300 kuyasetyenzwa nganye. Le isiraphu senzelwe iinyosi abadala, leyo, kwakhono ukuba ubusika abune.

2. Iziseko ebusika kufuneka bakulungele ngoSeptemba. Ukuba amathanga ngeli xesha ndizive imfuneko ukondla, xi isiraphu kufuneka zandiswe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i elandelayo iinyosi yokuvundisa iswekile isiraphu ebusika: 3 ukuya kwezi-2 - lomlinganiselo iswekile kunye namanzi. Kwakhona kwandisa isixa umthamo luphe into yemihla ngemihla - to neelitha ezintathu. Oku kuyimfuneko ukugcwalisa ngokukhawuleza iiseli.

3. ukutya Winter kukuzondla rhoqo ngobusi okanye isiraphu iswekile enamandla encinane kakhulu. Daily Umthamo - 15-30 grams.

4. Xa silele lufikelele esiphelweni ikwisakhelo lobusi baluphose isiraphu efudumeleyo wabeka isakhelo indlu, apho pre-icocwe iseli ayinanto. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ukuphinda-ukwenza ubushushu le endlwini yazo.

Ukondla leenyosi ekwindla

Autumn. Ukufikelela ubusika izindlu bee ufuna unikezelo wemvula, ngenxa phambi engasebenziyo kwaye kunzima kakhulu kuba ixesha bee amathanga - yasebusika, kunye bonke ubutshijolo yakhe ukhohlakale. ngempumelelo ukuze neenyosi yakhe basinda babekulungele intlwayelelo ukuvelisa inzala inokwenzeka, kunye neemveliso apiculture, kufuneka ukuba ngokucokisekileyo yaye ngokukhawuleza ukulungiselela ixesha lasebusika.

Ukondla iinyosi sugar isiraphu ebusika kunceda ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi:

• ukuba alungiselele isitokhwe sefula kuyimfuneko ukuba amathanga inyosi azibanga nako ukumelana nalo msebenzi ngokwabo;
• Balungisa nobusi, lowo ukhutshiwe ekupheleni ukuhamba ubusi engundoqo;
• indawo ubusi kunye crystallization okukhawulezayo kunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu isiraphu pine lobusi;
• uya kuvuma bees ephilisayo zokuthintela kuthetha, ukuba saba kuyimfuneko.

Ngokuba zefula ebusika olusebenzayo kucingwa ubusi liphambili, zeentyantyambo ezinqwenelekayo. Kodwa asisoloko uzakuwushiya ngenxa iinyosi. Kule meko kuyimfuneko Ukusombulula umbuzo indlela podkormlivat isiraphu iinyosi iswekile.

Indlela ukwenza isiraphu?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ekwindla ukuthintela ukwehla olomeleleyo iinyosi, kubalulekile ukugcina amandla, awanyakazela ngayo izinambuzane anamathele polysaccharides kunye iseli atywinwe. Kufuneka wenze umsebenzi eziyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kule nkqubo, kufuneka sincede beekeeper - oko kuyimfuneko ukubonelela yokondla iinyosi iswekile isiraphu ebusika, uyacebiswa ukuba usebenzise olinganise zilandelayo: 3 kg iswekile, iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi. Oku kuya kunika isisombululo yeyona ukhululekile xa kusingathwa amathanga bee - 64%.

Enye lwalo isiraphu kwaso:

1. Kuyimfuneko ukuba iswekile, qiniseka ukuba zikhanyise.
2. Galela amanzi kwisikhongozeli ecocekileyo uze uzise ithumba.
3. Galela iswekile emanzini abilayo baxhaya ukunyibilikisa kuyo.
4. Kusenokwenzeka (kodwa hayi efunekayo) ukuzisa isiraphu ukuya ithumba kwaye susa ebushushwini ngoko nangoko. Contraindicated imveliso isiraphu zokupheka, kuba ukuba iswekile alitshise, kuya kuba Asinakusebenziseka ukuba iinyosi.
5. Ukupholisa isiraphu ukuya degrees 30 nokusasaza iinyosi. isiraphu Cold bee amathanga bengaxeli ukuthatha.

Kukho amaxesha ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo lunghiselela isiraphu, apho kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo:

1. Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise amanzi ethambileyo. Inyaniso yokuba amanzi nzima kunyusa izinga isiraphu crystallization. Xa kuthathwa nje ngesiseko amanzi nzima, kuyimfuneko kuqala ukulungisa uze kuphela aqale inkqubo yokwenza isiraphu.
2. Ukuze ukuzisa isiraphu neswekile uphawu asidi ubusi intyatyambo, isiraphu kufuneka ugalele acetic acid (70%) ngokwesahlulo yeswekile kg nganye - 0.3 grams. Le inani iza kuzisa iinzuzo ezongezelelweyo - ukunika isiphumo othintelo lwe nosema.

Ubungakanani ukutya - isitshixo overwintering ngempumelelo

amathanga Bee kufuneka zinikwe ukutya imali leyo eya kwenza ukuba bee ngamnye overwinter ngempumelelo. Kodwa ke akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukubala ngokuchanekileyo imali efunekayo kule feed. Kule meko, ngendlela elula - ukunika ukutya kukuninzi. Ukuba ukutya ayisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, kuya kuba lula ukuba isicelo intwasahlobo iintsapho bee.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela ukuba, ngokubonelela ziinyosi ukondla iswekile isiraphu ebusika, oko kufuneka ukubala umlinganiselo feed ukuya ngumcinga ithanga othile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezithile:

• leyo ndawo ke apiary In ngasezantsi emfutshane ebusika, ke ngoko, kwimimandla enjalo kumazantsi kwezixa feed kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi;
• udlula ukuba ubusika esitratweni okanye Zimovniki: Ukuba iinyosi ukuchitha ubusika esitratweni, kufuneka ukutya ngaphezu ebusika in omshanike;
• amandla ntsapho: usapho, ubusika, umzekelo, kwi sikhokelo ezisibhozo kufuneka ibe kakhulu ngakumbi oovimba carbohydrate ngaphezu intsapho ukubamba ubusika lezakhelo ezintlanu.

Lezakhelo zifakwa kumngxunyana ubusika, ifidi kufuneka iqulathe ngaphezu ngomgubo wengqolowa obunzima buziikhilogram ezimbini abangama-9-15 imveliso yokutya kg. Ezinye iinyosi, ukunika iingcebiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiraphu lokutyisa iinyosi iswekile ebusika, kucetyiswa ukuba ukwandisa izinto ukutya kwi-30 kg.

Ukuze lizisebenzise le isiraphu iswekile, iinyosi bachitha amandla ezininzi, ngoko inxalenye ukutya iya nokufunyanwa lwamandla owenziwe. Kulo mba, iiseli aba isiraphu DIV irisayikilishwe. Kufuneka kwakhona zithathelwe ingqalelo xa ephendula umbuzo indlela podkormlivat isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika.

Nini yesichumiso?

iinyosi makhwelo badla abachaphazelekayo malunga umbuzo xa ukutyebisa kokuqala iinyosi iswekile isiraphu ebusika. Imigaqo igqityiwe inkqubo kufanele ukuba ifane - ungadlulanga umhla wama-10 kweyoMsintsi, ekuqaleni inkqubo - Agasti, kwesi sihlandlo sexesha lilawulwa ekupheleni isicengo ongundoqo ukuyeka zokumpompa yobusi.

Isizathu kukuba ngexesha lokulungiswa le isiraphu kwenzeka banxibe iinyosi. Ngenxa yoko, abo nezinambuzane reprocesses kuyo, de emthonjeni akayi kuba nako ukusinda. Basindiswa ebusika iinyosi ezisakhulayo kuphela ukuba luyaqhubeka kwi kwamathole ekwindla.

Ukuba yokuxheshisa luya kuqhubeka ngexesha inyanga yonke kaSeptemba, kusenokuba kuvela iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu:

1) ukuya kwi inkqubo kuqhutywe isiraphu bathelele iinyosi abaselula, nabo zinxibe ukuhluzwa feed kwaye ayiyi kusinda ebusika.

2) Ukuba incindi isiraphu kuya kumpompoza kumngxuma wokufaka ixesha elide, isibeleko uya kuba ngumqondiso wokuba ukunyoba kuqhubeka makayithabathe, yaye oko kuya kuba umntu, impethu le, oko kukuthi, zibeka amaqanda amaninzi ixesha elide. Lusanda iinyosi ngenxa kubanda Qinisa akayi kuba ixesha wenze flyby yakho yokuqala, njengoko kamva uphume kwamathole lawo. Baya ushiye indlu kwi isitulo, kwaye iinyosi baba ezi seli ukuba ubusi. Ukongezelela, oko kunokukhokelela imbonakalo nosema.

Umphumo uya kuba kwintlekele - usapho iya kudaka.

Ukuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwixesha ukutya okulungileyo ngokwaneleyo, ukuhamba incindi uza kuyeka, isibeleko iyeka amaqanda kweeshelfu.

Esi sigqibo icacile: bondle isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika kufuneka wenziwe xa usaqala. ukutya okufanelekileyo kunye nefuthe elihle kwisizukulwana esitsha, kunye omtsha, kuba izinambuzane bakwam mfuneko ukuchitha iinzame kwi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo waphuma.

Loluphi uhlobo kwentaka ukhetha?

Ezingena kweyona migaqo mikhulu ukuba iinyosi kufuneka bondle amathanga bee. Xa kufikwa kwindlela ukuba ukondliwa leenyosi isiraphu eswekile ebusika, isondlo bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Xa ukufuywa feeder mihla i element of zinto zizise endlwini yazo. Kwiifama bee ngamnye kukhetha a beekeeper.

Ngogesi ziza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye ifakwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Framework feeder. ibhokisi Small-ubungakanani eyenziwe ngomthi okanye iplastiki, onako ukubamba ulwelo. Ububanzi mkhulu Ububanzi indlu yesakhelo, ngoko namagqwetha zendlu bee. Le isiraphu eliphalala ngenxa ifanele ibe isakhelo, uze uxhonywe kuyo yeenyosi kufutshane kwindlwane.
• Letkovye ngogesi. Prilotnoy ezifakwe ebhodini, bafakwa kumgqomo zocaphulo sahlutha sisonka.
• ngogesi Capacitive. KuLwelo ukugcina vacuo. Oku zimiliselwe iinyosi, isiraphu uya imingxunya Small. Njengoko ezi imisele ezinokusetyenziswa iibhanki.
• UMondli Miller. Onyuswe encotsheni indlu enikiweyo kufaneleka ngenyameko. An igalelo for iinyosi.
• Vula feeder. izikhongozeli Vula apho isiraphu eliphalala. Begwetyelwa kufuphi emnyango endlwini yazo.
• Ezingena kweyona migaqo-isihlenga. Elenziwe ngamaplanga, isetyenziswa ne etsholo phezulu open kumkhombe-umphanda.
• feeder Bottom. ise udonga Wooden bar-hlula ngaphakathi endlwini yazo kufuphi emnyango. Umsantsa ngenxa izaliswe isiraphu.

Ngogesi leepakethi

Kuyenzeka ukuba yokondla iinyosi iswekile isiraphu ukuba ubusika iingxowa uziphu yeplastiki. Ungasebenzisa iingxowa zeplastiki eqhelekileyo, kodwa quality elungileyo - kubalulekile ukuphepha komsipha yempahla.

Le isiraphu igalelwe iipakethi, iinyosi wanye obuthi ukusikwa wenza blade elibukhali. Xa Wagalela kulo isiraphu package lupholile, alahlwa evela package emoyeni abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye lenzeka esiqhumeni ngaphezu isiraphu ukuya ngokweesentimitha 3. Basike ezi phakheji ayikwazi ukukwenza, ekubeni iinyosi ngokwabo nga amagophe ngokusebenzisa ezicekethekileyo umboniso, ukuya kwalusa. Upakisho zibekwe phezu imivalo sikhokelo eliphezulu. Ngoko lenzeka bag wafefa isiraphu lilungile, ezinomfanekiso imivumbo, apho sisirhintyelo.

Emkhombeni zingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu voice ephantsi, kuba kumo ngokwalo usapho bee. Ithamo zokusetyenziswa isiraphu iswekile ngexesha kufuneka anikwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo imikhosi ngamathanga bee. Ngoko ke, bee usapho, uye amandla amakhulu, unako ukusebenza isiraphu xa kukho imali iilitha ukuya ku 6 ubusuku enye, oko kuya kuncipha isixa entlakohlaza.

Iindleko zeBRT ezinjalo ubunjwe kuphela ixabiso iphakheji. Le ethile kuphela kukuba ezi zibonelelo zingasetyenziswa kanye kuphela, yaye ukuba azise omnye omtsha kufuneka ukuba ukuphazamisa koloni bee.

Forced ukutyebisa ebusika

Ngamanye amaxesha ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kukho imfuneko yokwenza yokuvundisa ezongezelelweyo ebusika. Le ibele - ngumlinganiselo ngenkani kwaye akufuneki.

Kuba iinyosi makhwelo,, akayi kuba umbuzo ukondla indlela isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika umyalelo eyolukileyo:

1. Ukuba kukho imfuneko sokubamba yokunxiba likaxakeka, ngoko ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi kufuneka ayeke ukhetho kwi feed yokuba akubangeli excitation okungeyomfuneko usapho bee ukuvise urhudo.
2. Ukunika ukutya, uze ukuphazamisa abanye club, yaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunqanda izembe ukusuka kuyasetyenzwa usapho bee.
3. lokondla Winter kwenziwa kakuhle ukusetyenziswa feed ashinyeneyo: sugar iilekese okanye iilekese. Bona ibekwe ngaphezu bee club.
4. Ukuba ufuna iinyosi yokuvundisa iswekile isiraphu ebusika, iqondo lobushushu apho unako ukuyenza - ngumba obalulekileyo. lokunxibela enjalo iya kuba nempumelelo xa lobushushu Zimovniki ukususela-3 ukuya ku-5 ^o C.
5. isiraphu lobushushu Sugar ka 25-30 ^{° C} izaliswe iseli-feeder iibhanki, isilingi ezingena kweyona migaqo mikhulu uzibeke kufutshane iinyosi club, yokugubungela yophahla kwaye kuyasetyenzwa ngci.
6. Ukuba amaqondo aphantsi kwenza kube nzima zokutyisa Zimovniki, kuyimfuneko ukuba usapho inyosi ukuba imini kwigumbi elimnyama elungiselelwe ngokukodwa apho lobushushu ^ngama-25 ° C. Oku iyazingenela iinyosi ukuba ushiye club ebusika kunye ngenkuthalo saa kuyo yonke indawo indlwane befuna ukutya.
7. Emva kosuku amathanga bee ukunyamezela emva winterer, kwaye endaweni yayo kuzisa elitsha iqela kufuneka avale.

Iswekile isiraphu - a ubusika ngempumelelo

Ukondla iinyosi sugar isiraphu ebusika iya kuba nempumelelo xa Stripes uza kufumana ithuba lokuba bafunde kakuhle.

Ngexesha lokondla kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inani elithile leenyosi nangayiphi na indlela kutshabalala okanye ashiye zinto zizise endlwini yazo. Yaye okukhona imozulu, kokukhona ukuze kungonakali. Isizathu kukuba ezi neenyosi kakubi baqonda ilungelo emdeni wabo. Phepha le ilahleko phantse akunakwenzeka, kodwa kungakuncinane.

Ukuze oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukutyebisa isiraphu iinyosi iswekile ebusika, imigaqo lusidla kufuneka kulandelwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isixa eyimfuneko isiraphu iswekile kunye kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha kunye nokondla lobushushu. Kuphela ukuba zonke iimeko ukufumana ubusi esemgangathweni, neenyosi ziya zibe nokuphila.