Ukufuna Satellite Systems: ncomo, iinkcazelo, iinkcukacha kunye nohlaziyo. inkqubo yokhuseleko imoto Satellite

Namhlanje, abantu usebenzisa ukuphepha emajukujukwini. Ukuze wenze oku, yaye kuye kwasekwa iinjini satellite search. Kukholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni lokuqeqeshelwa zikhewu ukuya ku-Oktobha 4, 1957 Kwaba ngoko okwesihlandlo sokuqala yaqalisa ngenyathelo lokuqala Earth satellite ngumntu. Ekupheleni kwale 70s kwabonakala inkqubo navigation radio kuqala. Kuyenzeka ukuba uququzelelo nayiphi na into phezu ngokwesiseko imiyalezo efunyenwe kwi satellite. Namhlanje, le hlobo navigation ifumana ukusetyenziswa yayo nokuhlangula kwaye ahlole, ngokunjalo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kukarhulumente kunye nabemi.

Zeziphi iinkqubo satellite? Le elektroniki kunye nobugcisa ezintsonkothileyo. Nokusetyenziswa kwazo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa isixhobo indawo yokusebenzela kunye emhlabeni iyonke. Ngoko Iinkqubo satellite sikwazi ukubona ephakame kunye nesikhundla kuzo, ixesha kunye parameters isindululo ekujoliswe amanzi, umhlaba kunye nomoya.

ngezigaba

iinkqubo satellite yahlulwa kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

- search zokhuseleko, eyenzelwe izithuthi;
- navigation, ukukhusela ii-ofisi, izindlu, amagumbi kunye neendawo abucala;
- ukhuseleko iziza kwi-Internet kunye cell phones;
- search navigation (GPS).

The main izinto

Iinkqubo Satellite ziquka:

- kudweliswe Orbital-Hewana ezininzi (2 ukuya ku-30), nto leyo ayikhuphi Imiqondiso ethile;
- ulawulo olusekelwe umhlaba kunye nenkqubo yolawulo, ekusekeni indawo yangoku Hewana, kwakunye ukufumana ulwazi inkqubo wadluliselwa ngabo;
- umxhasi ofumana izixhobo eziyimfuneko yokumisela imvelaphi;
- bhakana yokusebenza eyamkelweyo esekelwe ephucula ukuchana yokuseka indawo lento;
- Inkqubo yolwazi lwerediyo inikeza umsebenzisi ngokwezilungiso uququzelelo.

isimiso ukusebenza

Iinkqubo navigation Satellite balinganise umgama ukusuka eriyali kwisibonelelo, ukuya kwindawo yesatellite orbit eyaziwa ngokuchanileyo eliphezulu. Isebenzisa itafile okhethekileyo, ngokuba lwencwadi. Kufuneka zigcinwe kwimemori ye kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo kwaye ibonisa indawo zonke satellites. Ukuba le theyibhile ihlaziyiwe, ubukho into sithuba simiselwa xa izixhobo esebenzisa izakhiwo ezilula zejometri. Ukubala echanekileyo ububanzi nobude ukuba umamkeli kufuneka ukufumana imiyalezo kwiisathelayithi ubuncinane ezithathu. Kaloku, ukuba kufuneka wazi indawo yento phezu komhlaba? Kuya kufuneka uphawu ukusuka satellite yesine.

Zonke iinkcukacha kusingathwa yeyunithi emhlabeni, esebenzisa inkqubo kwizibalo ovelisa indawo oyifunayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-data kuya kufuna ukulungiswa. Oku kungenxa impembelelo yokusebenza womoya, ubushushu umoya kunye neqondo nokufuma. Nganye yezi meko yenza impazamo ibekwe ngaphakathi-30 m, ixabiso lilonke edla ifikelela 100 m.

Kuyanceda ukunciphisa inaccuracy ngayo imo umahluko GPS. It edlulisela kumsebenzisi izilungiso eziyimfuneko, eqinisekisa ukuchaneka yokumisela into ukuze 1 cm. Kule satellite iinjini zokuphendla bayakwazi ukugcina uze ukuphatha idatha ifunyenwe ngexesha elithile. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo enjalo, umsebenzisi unalo ufifi lwe isantya into, ukuba walihamba umendo, njalo-njalo. D.

GPS

Namhlanje ziinkqubo navigation esebenzayo, eziliqela. Oku ke American GPS, le GLONASS Russian kunye yaseYurophu UGalileo. Bonke bephela baya kuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yangoku injongosenzi kunye nomhla kunye nexesha, isantya kunye nesikhokelo intshukumo phezu komhlaba, xa umoya phezu komhlaba. Khawuqwalasele ezi omkhulu ngakumbi.

Imbali kwenkqubo satellite US GPS yaqala ngo-1973 Yaba ixesha DNSS kuphuhliso lwenkqubo. Kamva, kwathiwa igama e Navstar-GPS, nasemva --in GPS. Eyokuqala-Hewana yaso nezijikeleza ngowe-1974 kwathiwa kuphela ngo-1993 inani yabo apha naphaya kwi-24, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza abasingethe komhlaba wonke umhlaba wakhe.

Ekuqaleni inkqubo satellite GPS ukusebenza kwi injongo US zomkhosi ezintsonkothileyo. Kwaye kuphela 2000 emfihlekweni yasuswa kule nkqubo. GPS waqalisa ukukhonza iimfuno zabasebenzisi emkhosini. Noko ke, ngoku ntlanu ingaba mhlawumbi ukucima nemimandla, apho umlo, satellite, okanye banike ingxolo. Ukongeza, ii-arhente zobungqondi US Sinelungelo lokuba ukuseka "jammers" ekuhlaleni, nesambatho ummandla ephikisanayo. Ngoko ke loo mfazwe elektroniki akayi kuphazamisana imikhosi NATO abasebenza uphawu elifihlakeleyo.

GLONASS

It Russian inkqubo yokukhangela sele ukusebenza ukususela 90 zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze kwiqela layo Orbital iye Hewana ngaphezu mabini Bajikeleza. Kwixa elizayo inani labo liya kwandiswa ukuya ezingamashumi amathathu.

Ukususela ngo-2007, inkqubo satellite GLONASS isetyenziselwa iinjongo emkhosini. Namhlanje babugubungela yonke indawo Russia kwaye ufumana isicelo layo kumacala ahlukeneyo. Isetyenziswa kuthutho, ebonelela kwempahla nje kuphela kodwa umkhweli zothutho ngempumelelo. Apha GLONASS - inkqubo yokuhlola satellite, ngokunjalo iindlela ngazo ukwandisa samaxesha okubhala. ukusetyenziswa yokukhangela bo umsebenzi kwiinkonzo online MoE, amapolisa kunye yezigulana.

Umgaqo nkqubo GLONASS isekelwe phezu zokufumana ulwazi ukusuka tracking CTLI ngu GSM-sitishi kumncedisi wobekelo kude. Apha igcinwe olunye ukudluliselwa umsebenzisi. ixesha lokuFumana ukho kuluhlu kwisekhondi-15 ukuya 240. Okulandelayo, inkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhompyutha iziqwalasela ulwazi olugcinwe kumncedisi kwaye inika ekuyo into.

ERashiya, bakhula kunye projekthi entsha, ekuthiwa ERA-GLONASS. Loo inkqubo ziyabavumela iinkonzo ezizodwa likaxakeka ukuphendula kwimeko yengozi kunye neengozi. Kucetywa ukuba ngo-2020, zonke izithuthi ziya kuba nee navigation kunye nonxibelelwano ezinjengeetheminali nokudlulisela ngokuzenzekelayo imiqondiso umsebenzi kunye nenkonzo dispatch xa kuthe ingozi enkulu, okt xa isithuthi airbag soHlwayelo. Umqhubi uzama ukucacisa zonke iinkcukacha ezimalunga neengozi ezivela umqhubi. Ukuba akukho mpendulo okanye inkcazelo kusingise malunga uququzelelo ekhankanyiweyo iya ngqo amagosa nokuhlangula, oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi STSI. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yothutho satellite iza kusebenza umncedisi yokuqala kumqhubi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.

uGalileo

Le nkqubo satellite yokukhangela iphuhliswe ukwenzela amazwe aseYurophu Union. Iindleko projekthi kuqikelelwa kwi $ 2 billion, igama lakhe imbeko UGalileo Galilei - le ngeenkwenkwezi odumileyo Italian. Xa umsebenzi wayo, uGalileo izimele inkqubo yolawulo satellite le GLONASS Russian kunye GPS American.

Ukongezelela ekumiseleni indawo into, uququzelelo apho zifumaneka kunye an ukuchaneka wemitha enye, uGalileo ekulungiseni search, nosindiso. Le projekthi ayikho naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini (Kwathi kuphela Russia).

izithuthi Security

Namhlanje ezitsala ingqalelo ezininzi abaqhubi beemoto satellite inkqubo anti-nobusela. Ngokoluvo lwabasebenzisi amaninzi nengathembekanga kuphela, kodwa elula kakhulu.

Ezo yokukhangela zokhuseleko isebenza kumgaqo unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-eriyali zixhonywe imoto kunye namaqabane ambalwa. Ulwazi malunga uququzelelo kumatshini rhoqo uyeza kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo, kwaye yenza umsebenzisi ukuchonga ubukho isithuthi kunye nokuchaneka nje iimitha ezimbalwa.

Ngokungafaniyo satellite yokukhangela inkqubo anti-ubusela eqhelekileyo hayi wamkela kuphela imiyalezo evela orbit, kodwa uthumela ukuba kwigumbi ulawulo okanye umnini. Ukuba auto showroom ngokunyebelezela abahlaseli abazama ukuba singene kwinkqubo, bandule ke kamsinya nje uthungelwano operator mobile okanye ezimiselwe ngokukodwa le njongo amajelo uya kuthabatha umqondiso, nto leyo eya kuthatha ifowuni ephathwayo somnini okanye igumbi yolawulo. Emva koko iqalisa Response Team, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa intshukumo phambili kunye nendawo matshini.

Ngokutsho impendulo yomsebenzisi, kwinkqubo yokhuseleko yisathelayithi imoto kakhulu oluthembekileyo. Yokungenelela kude intsonkothe ngaphezulu kunayo kokuba siren alarm elula.

Kwezinye iindlela, lock injini ekude ibonelela inkqubo satellite retrieval. Ngesi msebenzi, umoni akayi kuba nako ukuqhuba isithuthi sakho, nokuba imitha enye. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa imigewu basebenzisa Jammers. It silencers device, hayi 'eqala phezulu "umqondiso. Oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zokhuseleko entsha. Xa uyilo lwabo kusetyenziswa Iimodyuli ezikhethekileyo ukuba asivumeli umsebenzi jammers.

lwezintlu ze

Le nkqubo yokhuseleko isithuthi yesathelayithi isebenza kwilizwe lethu ukususela ngoSeptemba 2003. Le nkqubo GPS-GSM-alam eqhelekileyo, kuphela iyunithi yayo yokusebenza kwamiselwa kwangaphambili ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Xa uzama isithuthi kwindlela ubusela alarm luvuliwe, kwaye xa usebenzisa Jammer lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye akukho unxibelelwano kunye isilawuli kude, iqhaga motor. Le yindlela manyathelo esebenza inkqubo satellite "kumanqanaba".

Olunye uncedo ebalulekileyo yale navigation ukukwazi layo ukuthintela ubusela, nokuba akukho unxibelelwano kunye nomnini. Ngokutsho ingxelo yomsebenzisi, uncedo ukuqina le nkqubo linani iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo satellite "kumanqanaba" inokwenziwa ukutshixa injini xa kuthe:
- esingadlulanga ixabiso ethile isantya;
- Utyeshelo lomqathango for kwimimandla echongiweyo;
- longitudinal and ukukhawulezisa osecaleni kwesithuthi.

Kwaye oku ukutshintsha algorithm nokuba kude. Akwanelanga ukuba athumele inkqubo ezinqwenelekayo ukusebenza GSM-channel.

"Arkan"

Ubuninzi kweenkqubo zokhuseleko yisathelayithi imoto isebenza kumgaqo lokuhanjiswa kulawulo console "Alarm" umqondiso. Noko ke, ukhuselo loo nokungaphumeleli engekho ingcinezelo ngabomi okanye GPS-channel.

Le enye yinkqubo satellite "Arkan". It edlulisela ngcaciso kwi-network eponymous yokukhangela okhethekileyo. Oluqhubayo uphawu irediyo, rhoqo atshintsha rhoqo, bahlaseli abakwazi ukuthatha inkqubo ngaphandle amanyathelo.
Okwangoku, eli hlobo yeNavigeyishini na isisombululo lobuchwepheshe eziphuhlileyo ekuvumela ukuba ukubeka umatshini ngokulula.

Ukongeza, inkqubo satellite "Arkan":
- inako ukugqithisela uququzelelo kumatshini ngokucinezela ukwesaba iqhosha, kwaye xa uzama imvume yokungena kule zangaphakathi;
- itshintshela kwindlela igunya eliphantsi xa ibhetri isebenza ngaphandle;
- elawula umsebenzi "Atu" siteshi rhoqo ukondla imiyalezo uvavanyo.

unxibelelwano satellite

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Phakathi kwabo:

1. unxibelelwano Ithambo lomqolo. uphuhliso yayo iye yafuneka imfuneko elinyusayo yokukhuphela ulwazi oluninzi. Eyokuqala kwezi nkqubo yaba Intelsat, uze emva koko wabonakala kunye nemibutho zengingqi Arabsat, Eutelsat kunye nabanye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkqubo eziphambili unxibelelwano satellite zithathelwa indawo fibre-optic networks.

2. Iinkqubo VSAT. Zimele iosiphelo isixa ubuncinane izixhobo zabo. iinkqubo ezinjalo ziyilelwe ukuba zinike yonxibelelwano satellite kwimibutho ezincinane zingeyomfuneko ekwiqondo eliphezulu. Ukongeza, inkqubo VSAT angabonelela imijelo kwi-imfuno.

3. Le lonxibelelwano satellite mobile. Uphawu iinkqubo ezinjalo ubungakanani elincinane-eriyali, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima yokwamkela uphawu. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla amaza erediyo, Hewana zibekwe phezu orbit, ebamisela samaza esomeleleyo. Iinkqubo enjalo unxibelelwano iinqanawa nakwiinkampani zengingqi ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze kuphuculwe indlela uphawu radio kukho inani elikhulu-Hewana kwi zisuke ezibandayo kanye ithambekele. Ukugqithisa ulwazi nakubanini ezininzi mobile.

4. Satellite Internet. iinkqubo zoqhagamshelwano ezinjalo iimpawu zabo. Apha ke ahlukana traffic ephumayo kwaye engenayo, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ezithile ulungelelwaniso ngakumbi. Kungenxa yoko le nkqubo yonxibelelwano satellite kuthiwa yezi zinto. Uphawu lwe Internet kucingwa ukuba omnye umjelo zinokusetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi eziliqela. Inyaniso yokuba i data ethunyelwayo nge komzila isithuba bonke abaxhasi ngexesha elifanayo.

television satellite

Ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo lobuntu baya bezisebenzisa isithuba. Namhlanje, Umhlaba okuwo ngokoqobo ibiyelwe satellite "yomqala", bengavumeli bakhonza kuphela navigation system, ukuze udlulise ulwazi, kodwa ... ukubukela umabonakude. Yenzeka njani le nto? Kwi nganye ngokukodwa le njongo yesathelayithi isetelwe eriyali enamandla. Yaba yena esifumana i SIGILL uphawu kamabonwakude, nto leyo ke wathumela Earth and ukuthatha zidlulisele transponder ekhethekileyo. Ezo ndawo apho ukubamba ezi amaza erediyo, ebizwa ngokuba indawo network.

I-eriyali ofumana amaza kwiisathelayithi, na uhlobo amacwecwe. Le umphezulu ivumela amaza erediyo kubonakala waza swi ngaxa lithile, apho convector ihleliwe. Esi sixhobo ifumana iimpawu ezithi ke ngoko adla ikheyibhile esikhethekileyo receiver. Naye akwamkele, kodwa oguqula amaza erediyo kwaye adlulisele kuye njengoko umfanekiso kwi TV screen.

iinkqubo zikamabonwakude satellite kuvumela ukufumana isandi umgangatho ophezulu kunye nemifanekiso. Oku wenza umbulelo ukuba ukuhanjiswa kolwazi ngendlela yedijithali. Ukongeza, satellite TV ikuvumela ukuba ukubukela iinkqubo ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye amazwekazi. Oku kubaluleke ngokukodwa kwabo bafunda ulwimi lwasemzini. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala xa bezikhangela ezi nkqubo Ungafumana iqabane enesiqhamo, kwakunye ukukhangela niwuzalise ulwazi olufunyenwe kakhulu. Kwatsala ingqalelo kumboniseli kunye amajelo amaninzi kamabonwakude satellite weendawo. Abantwana ungakhetha iikhathuni, kunye nabantu abadala - ukuntywiliselwa ehlabathini yokuhamba kunye nomculo.

Ukuqinisekisa kwakho TV satellite ikhaya akuyi kuphela banzi zexa zam kwaye ufumane eninzi iimvakalelo HIV ubukele iinkqubo umdla, kodwa ukulondoloza imali. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule kanye kuphela ukuba izixhobo zonxibelelwano satellite. Kwixesha elizayo, umboleki kuhlala elizimeleyo izicwangciso lweerhafu rhoqo ukutshintsha kuwo abaqhubi USB, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo yesathelayithi ihlala ngokusisigxina impahla yenkosi yakhe.

Kufuneka ke ukuba, ngokoluvo Iwabemi zokuhlala ezincinci, ngathi umabonwakude kumncede phandle. Ngapha koko, maxa wambi kwiidolophu ezincinane abanayo abaqhubi cable kunye nomgangatho yokosulela uphawu ngokusebenzisa i-eriyali TV eziqhelekileyo ulihlwempu.

Hi ndlela leyi, kwiidolophu ezininzi ezincinane ngenxa yeengxaki kunye ulwamkelo lweesignali zikamabonwakude amacwecwe ufakelo oko mhlawumbi kuphela kwendlela eya kunandipha ubukele umabonwakude esemgangathweni.