Artificial Earth satellite

Hewana Umhlaba Lamalungu - isiphekepheke luphaphazela eboniswa kwi komzila Umhlaba bala- alijikeleze okuwo geocentric. Bona kwakuthetha ukuba iingxaki enokusebenziseka yezenzululwazi. Ukuphehlelelwa sokuqala Umhlaba satellite ngumntu wathabatha indawo Oktobha 4, 1957 kwi-USSR. Yaba umzimba yasezulwini ngumntu wokuqala ukuba yenziwa ngabantu. senziwa ngenxa ukuba iziphumo kuzuziweyo kwiinkalo ezininzi kakhulu ngexabiso, iikhompyutha, elektroniki, ukukhanda yasezulwini, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo kunye nezinye amasimi lwezesayensi siganeko. Imvelaphi wamnika yakhe ukulinganisa lexinene-atmosfere ephezulu, ukukhangela ukuchaneka izibalo theoretical kunye nezisombululo ezisisiseko zobugcisa izicelo yemveliso komzila satellite, ukuba aphande ukosuleleka iimpawu kanomathotholo kwi ionosphere.

America usungule satellite yayo yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu "Explorer 1" ngoFebruwari 1, 1958, yaye emva koko, kancinane emva koko, wadubula iqala kunye namanye amazwe: France, Australia, iJapan, China, United Kingdom. Entsimini nophando kukubambisana ngokubanzi phakathi kwamazwe ehlabathini lonke.

Iziphekepheke kungenziwa ngokuba neqabane kuphela emva kokuba ikhomishini wotshintsho ngaphezu kwesinye ejikeleza uMhlaba. Kungenjalo, akayi babhalise iqabane, kwaye ziya kuthunyelwa phenyo irula ukuba Walinganisa isikhokelo wokuhlolwa.

Isathelayithi ithathwa esebenzayo ukuba kufakwe oonomathotholo, izibane flash, ukukhanya imiqondiso zokondla, izixhobo yokulinganisa. Hewana isixando sokwenziwa ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa okubonwayo ukusuka kumphezulu umhlaba xa esenza eminye imisebenzi yezenzululwazi. Ezi ziquka Hewana iisilinda enobubanzi ukuya emashumini ambalwa eemitha.

Hewana Umhlaba Artificial zahlulwe izicelo kunye nophando, kuxhomekeka imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabo. Uphando elungiselelwe uphando ngayo imizimba yasezulwini, Umhlaba, indawo ongaphandle. Yiyo le Hewana geodetic kwaye yesimo Bajikeleza Astronomical Observatory, njl Hewana Applied - na zibekho ezonxibelelwano, Hewana inqanawa, ngesimo sezulu ukufunda izibonelelo Lomhlaba, ezobugcisa kunye nabanye.

Hewana Umhlaba Artificial, zenzelwe ukubhabha abantu, zibizwa ngokuba "iziphekepheke-Hewana swi". Satellites on emzileni polar okanye polar kuthiwa polar, kunye nokujikeleza sentshinyela - zemvula. Hewana umile - ebalekayo i Hewana orbit sentshinyela setyhula ogama ulwalathiso ingqamana njengokujikeleza Umhlaba, solo sanekwe kwindawo ethile kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Wahlukana satellite kwi isiphelo komzila iinkcukacha, ezifana fairing, kukho izinto aphakamileyo Orbital. Ukubizwa ngokuba namaqabane, nangona bathe ihamba ecaleni Umhlaba orbit kwaye ubukhulu becala izinto ukuze ahlolwe ngeenjongo lwezenzululwazi.

Ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1962. egameni izinto isithuba zibonisa ukuba kunyaka isiqalo-up kunye unobumba we-alfabhethi yamaGrike ehambelana inani lothotho run kuloo nyaka uthile, ngokunjalo nani Arabic - inani le into, ngokuxhomekeke ixabiso layo yenzululwazi okanye ukukhanya. Kodwa inani Hewana lasungula lakhula ngokukhawuleza, ngokuba kunye unyaka January 1, 1963 baye ezinyuliweyo, qala inani kunyaka omnye kwaye unobumba we-alfabhethi Latin.

Satellites ingaba nomahluko ngobukhulu, iipateni uyilo, ubunzima, ukwakheka, avionics, kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakho. izixhobo supply amandla eziveliswa solar ezifakwe ngaphandle igobhogobho phantse zonke satellites.

satellites orbit lubonakaliswa ngoncedo kulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo imijukujelwa multi-eqongeni. iisathelayithi ezenziwe phantsi intshukumo isixando (kume iiplanethi ukunganyangeki Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba , njl) kunye esebenzayo (ukuba ifakelwe kwi satellite irula injini) imikhosi.