Ukuguqulwa kwamaqondo okuxhatshazwayo: ukuchazwa kwezibhamu kunye nephutha labo

I-thermocouple yisisombululo esilungiselelwe ukulinganisa ukushisa. Umgaqo wokusebenza kwesi sixhobo kusekelwe ekumanyeni kombane kwezinyithi kunye nama-alloythi. I-Semiconductors ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ye-thermocouples. Ezinye iingcali zibabiza ngokuthi i-thermistors.

Ukuba sicinga i-thermocouple ephezulu, ngoko kukho umelana omnye kuphela. Yenziwe yintambo yentsimbi ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, inokwenziwa kwifilimu. Kuze kube namhlanje, abaguquli be-platinum batshintsho bathathwa njengowona oqhelekileyo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba le nsimbi inokumelana nokushisa okuhle . Kwakhona, i-platinum iyaxhatshazwa kakhulu kwi-oxidation. I-thermocouples ye-Reproducibility yale hlobo ibonisa phezulu.

Iimodeli zanamhlanje zenziwe ngobungcwele beplatinum. Kule meko, i-coefficient yeqondo lesinyithi yisezantsi ye-0.003. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezininzi izinto zethusi kunye ne-nickel kwimarike. Zonke iimfuno zobugcisa zichazwe yiGOST. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, le nkqubo yokulinganisa imilinganiselo yenza izigaba zokushisa, iiklasi zokuchaneka kunye nokuxhomekeka kokumelana nokuxhomekeka.

Ukutshintshwa kocingo ezimbini

Ukusebenza kwisithuba esinokungcola i-transducer yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal resistance. Isicwangciso solungiselelo lwaso silula. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu liyinzwa kunye nomqhubi. Udibana nomanyano. Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwimeko kukho iiflethi kunye nekhebula. Iphutha ekungabikho kwamashishini ashushu ayenzi ngaphezu kwama-0.3 degrees.

Ukunyamezela ngokweGOST 6651 ukuguqulwa okuchaziweyo kunomxholo A. Ukuba sicinga ukutshintsha kwe-PT100 yokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, i-parameter yeyona ndlela ifakwe kummandla we--60 degrees. Ukuba sithetha ngeendlela zokuyila imodeli, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ziveliswa nge-sealant. Izigqibo, njengomgaqo, kukho ezimbini. Izibopho ezizenzekelayo zifakwe ngaphambili kwimeko.

Abaguquleli bamathambo abathathu

Umtshintshi omatshini omatshini oomatshini abathathu ulungelelaniso ophakathi kwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ipharamitha yancinci yamashishini enemizekelo, ngokwesilinganiso, -30 degrees. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba impazamo kwindawo engqongqo ingafikelela kuma-0.45 degrees. Kukho izikhonkwane ezimbini ezixhobo zolu hlobo. Ukwamkelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiGOST 6651 kufumaneka kwiichungechunge A. Ubuncinane obuncinane obuvumelekile bubungama-degrees angama-230.

Ukuba sibheka i-TC 1088 yokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, ngoko ubude bendawo ephakamileyo bufikelela kwi-100 mm. Ukuba sithetha malunga nokuguqulwa kwentloko yesigxina, zineziphumo ezintathu. Isalathisi sokukhusela sisetyenziselwa ukumakisha kwe-12H. Isibonakaliso se-inertia ye-thermal sinokufikelela kwi-10 s. Ngako oko, ipharamitha yenkxalabo enomgangatho ophezulu ilingana nomyinge we-6.2 iphe. Ukuqinisekiswa kokutshintsha kwe-thermal resistance transducers kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-temperature calibrators.

Izixhobo ezine-wire

I-transformer ye-thermal resistant transducer yenzelwe ukulinganisa kweqondo lokushisa kwindawo ephakathi. Ukuba sithetha ngephutha lokuchasana, le pharamitha ingafikelela ku-0.03 Ohm. Kule meko, uvelwano lwezixhobo luphakathi kwama-33 microns. Ukuba sithetha malunga nokuguqulwa kunye nokunyamezela A, ngokobushushu obuncinci apho banako ukusebenza khona i-degrees ezingama-30 ngaphantsi kwe-zero. Isalathisi sokuthi u-static sinezixhobo zifikelela kwi-100 MP. Isalathisi sokukhusela kwiindlela ezininzi zokuguqulwa sisetyenziselwa ukumakishwa kwe-12H.

Ukuba sibheka i-DTS 105 yokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo, ngoko ubushushu obuphezulu bunama-230 degrees. Umlinganiselo wokuphambuka okunyamezelayo awukho ngaphezu kwe-0.15 T. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izixhobo zolu hlobo zifumanekayo kunye neentloko zesigxina. Ukuqhawulwa kwazo kuzo kuphela i-ceramic. Kule meko, iziqeshana zifakwe ngaphambili kwimeko. Ukuba sithetha ngobubele, ke ezi zixhobo zinamakhomitha angama-32.

Iiplatinum iinguqulelo

I-Platinum thermal resistance transducer (KTSP) ibonisa isalathisi esihle kakhulu se-inertia. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukungeniswa kwemodeli ngokuhambelana neGOST 6651. Ukuba sicinga ukuguqulwa kwechungechunge lwe-A, ngoko kule meko uphawu olukhethiweyo lwezixhobo aludluli kuma-50 P. Iparameter ye-inertia ye-thermali ilingana nama-10.

Ubungakanani beqondo lokushisa lokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo (iplatinum) uchungechunge A luyakwazi ukuthwala ii-degrees ezingama-240. Izixhobo zokukhusela izilwanyana eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa rhoqo nge-12H. Ukuba sicinga ukuguqulwa kwamathambo (GOST 6651) kunye noxinzelelo lwemiqathango ye-B, i-parameter yesigxina se-static i-100 P.

Izixhobo zeCopper kunye neerameters

I-thermocouple yokuchasana (ubhedu) ifaneleka kuphela kwimithombo yegesi. Ngeparameter yephutha, ukuguqulwa kuyahluke. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela i-thermocouples kunye nokunyamezela iichungechunge A. Zisetyenziselwa ukushisa kwi-degrees -50. Nangona kunjalo, uvakalelo lwabo alukho kakuhle. Ngokomyinge, le parameter ayidluli i-34 micron. Konke oku kuphakamisa ukuba ekushiseni kwama-degrees angaphantsi kwama-0, impazamo iphakathi kwe-0.5 degrees.

Isalathisi se-inertia ye-thermally sifinyelela kwimitha elithandathu. Kule meko, ukushisa okusemgangathweni kumanqaku ngama-230 degrees. Umda onokubekezela wokuphambuka kweli cala ufinyelela ku-0.12 T. Ukuba sithetha ngeempawu zokuyila, akukho zintloko zokuphela kwimizekelo yale ndlela. I-sealant isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezininzi nge powder. Abafaki ngokukhawuleza basoloko behlobo lwe-silicon. Ukuba sijonga abaguquguquli be-thermal nge-B-series-tolerance, ke banokuvakalelwa kwemitha engama-40. Konke oku kuphakamisa ukuba kumaqondo ashushu angaphantsi kwe-0 degrees isiphene singafikelela kuma-0.45 degrees.

Ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zoyilo lokuguqulwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezininzi iimodeli zixhotywe ngamabhokisi okugcina. Kule meko, i-sealant isetyenziswa rhoqo nge powder. Izibopho ezizenzekelayo zifakwe ngaphambili kwimeko. Isixhobo sokukhusela sisisetyenziswe rhoqo ngokumakisha i-15X.

Zixhobo ze Nickel

I-thermocouple yokuxhatshazwa kwe-nickel okwangoku ifunwa kakhulu. Okokuqala, oku kubangelwa ukuba iimodeli zinemilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuphambukiswa okunyamezelekileyo. Kwakhona, ezininzi iindlela zokuguqulwa zinokuqhayisa ukuqhuba kakuhle. Ukuba sicinga izixhobo ezinokunyamezela ngokuhambelana ne-GOST 6651 uchungechunge A, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba impazamo yepometer ayidluli i-0.23 degrees. Umda wokuphambukiswa ovumelekileyo ekuphenduleni ngowama-0.12 T.

I-characteristic static ebonakalayo yeemodeli iphakathi kwe-30P.Kodwa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuguqulwa kunye nokufikelela kwiingqungquthela zeB B. Zikhusele izibhengezo, kwaye zinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwama-degrees angu-230. Ubude becandelo elinyukayo leemodeli aludluli kwi-100 mm ngokomyinge. Ukuba sithetha malunga neeparitha ezisisiseko, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba uvelwano lwezixhobo ngokulinganayo lu-35 microns. Uxinzelelo oluninzi lwengqesho lwenkqubo lugcinwa kwi-6.6. Iparameter ye-inertia ye-thermal ayize ifike kwi-13 s.

Imodeli ephezulu yokushisa

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla okushisa okuphezulu kusenziwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunyamezela. Kuxhomekeke kuyo, iipakrameter yephutha, kunye nezinye iiparitha zefowuni ziya kutshintsha. Ukuba uthetha malunga nokufikelela kwechungechunge Kwaye, abaguquleli be-thermal bohlobo olunikeziweyo banomxinzelelo ophezulu. Izixhobo ezincinci zingasetyenziswa ekushiseni kwama-30 degrees. Ukuqokelela kwezi zixhobo zikhuselekile ngokusuka kuluthuli. Iphutha elivumelekileyo kwisixhobo asidluli kwi-0.12 T. Ubuzwe be-33 microns.

I-characteristic static character of converters converters i-40 V. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuguqulwa nokufikelela kwiingqungquthela zeB. Ngokutsho kweGOST 6651, inkcazo yokuqonda kufuneka ibe ubuncinane ngama-microns ayi-20. Kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphaya kwe-0 degrees, izinga lokuphutha kwezixhobo alidluli kwii-0.44 degrees.

Ukuba sithetha malunga neendlela zokuyila zeemodeli, izixhobo ezifakwe kuzo zifakwe kwicala eliphambili lelo cala. Ngokuthe ngqo intloko itholakala phezulu kweso sixhobo. Kukho izigqibo ezimbini. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-thermocouples yolu hlobo ifakwe i-ceramic thermal insulation.

Izixhobo zokuguqulwa komhlaba

I-thermocouple yokucwiliswa imele ixhotywe ngebhokisi lokugcina. Iibhendi zeekhamera kwiimodeli ezininzi zifihliwe ngesondo. Izikhalazo kule meko zifumaneka kwicandelo elincinane lomzimba. Ngokuthe ngqo iiparitha zeemveliso zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkalo zokufikelela ngokuhambelana neGOST 6651. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-thermocouple yokucwina ingasetyenziselwa kwiindawo eziyingozi. Ukuba sicinga ukuguqulwa ngokunyamezela iichungechunge A, ngoko uvelwano lwesixhobo kule ndawo aludluli kwi-42 microns. Iphutha li-0.02 degrees. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba isibonakaliso se-inertia ye-thermal asiyi kudluli kwi-10 s.

Isalathiso sokuqhafaza esicatshulwayo sesicatshulwa esiyi-50 P ngokutsho kweGOST 6651. Kukho izigqibo ezimbini kwi-thermocouples ezinikeziweyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imodeli kunye nokufikelela kwiingqungquthela zeB B. Okokuqala, ipharamitha ephakamileyo yokumamela ifanelwe ukunakwa-kwinqanaba lama-microns angama-30. Konke oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa impazamo yesixhobo ukuya kuma-degrees 0.023. Ubushushu obuninzi bobukhulu kulo mzekelo akufanele kudlule ii-240 degrees. Ubude becandelo eliphakamileyo leemodeli li-85 mm ngomyinge. Iiplavesi zokukhusela ngokuthe ngqo zisetyenziselwa ukumakishwa kwe-12H. I-index ye-thermal inertia kwi-thermocouples ayidluli kwi-3.

Izinguqulelo zokuqhuma

Umtshintshi we-thermal walolu hlobo ulungiselelwe ukusebenza kwindawo efanelekileyo. Kule meko, iintloko zesigxina zisetyenziswa kunye nomanyano. Amaziko okushisa aphezulu anako ukujamelana nama-250 degrees. Isibonakaliso se-inertia ye-thermal sisondelelene nakwiinkcukacha zokufikelela kwiifowuni. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zonke iimodeli zineengcinezelo ezingqongqo eziphezulu 6.7 uPy. Ukuba sicinga amacebo kunye nechungechunge A ukufikelela, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba impazamo kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-0 degrees lingama-degrees 0.035.

Intloko yesigxina kulezi ziqwalaselo ifakwe kwindawo ephezulu yezindlu. Impawu eziqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngabaguquguquli be-thermal ayidluli kwi-60 P. Umda wokuphambuka ovumelekileyo weso sixhobo unesilinganiso esingu-0.20 T. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela abaguquleli be-thermal kunye nokufikelela kwi-series B. Ngokukhawuleza ukutsalwa kweso sihlobo se-ceramic. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, uxinzelelo oluninzi lwengxaki lugcinwa kwi-6.7 uPy. Iimodeli ezincinane zingasebenza kwiqondo elibushushu--30 degrees.

Ububele beefayili abugqithisi i-40 microns. Iphutha kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwama-0 degrees malunga nama-0.040 degrees. Isalathiso sesigxina se-static yeefayili ngu-40 P. Inxalenye ephakamileyo yeemodeli ayidluli kuma-80 mm. Iparameter ye-inertia ye-thermal kumacebo aphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umda wokuphambuka ovumelekileyo u-0.33 T. kuphela.

Ukuchaneka TSP-0196-01

Ukutshintsha kwe-thermal TSP 0196-01 yenzelwe i-media media. Ngokutsho kweGOST 6651, ine-tolerance series ye-B. Iqondo lokushisa elisezantsi li--35 degrees. Isalathisi esiyiyo-static yesicaciso asiyi kudlula i-50 P. Ukuba sicinga ukuguqulwa kwamabhokisi esigxina, ubude bendawo ephakamileyo ngu-85 mm. Isixhobo sokukhusela salo mzekelo sisetyenziswe ngokumakisha 13X. Isalathisi se-inertia ye-thermal yesixhobo sikwizinga le-15 s. Ngako oko, ubushushu obuphezulu bubungama-240 degrees.

Umda wokunyamezela wokuphambuka kumyinge awudluli kwi-0.15 T. Kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-0 degrees, ukutshintsha kwe-thermal resistant TSP 0196-01 inika impazamo ye-degrees 0.033. Uqwalaselo kunye nebhokisi lokugcina lunezixhobo ezintathu. Kule meko, inzwa iyindawo ephambi kwezindlu. Ukugxininiswa ngokukhawuleza kunikezelwa ngumenzi wolu hlobo lweceram. I-sealant yona iyasetyenziswa kunye ne powder. Ngaloo ndlela, ityala likhuseleke kakhulu, kwaye kunye ne-oxidation yensimbi kule modeli, iingxaki zinqabile.

Umzekelo ТСМ-0196-02

Umtshintshi we-TCM 0196-02 ulungiselelwe ukusebenza kwindawo yendalo. Inokuqhuba kakuhle, kunye nepharamitha ephezulu yokushisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwindawo yokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukunyamezela ngokuhambelana neGOST 6651 kunomxholo A. Kulolu hlobo, ubuncinane beqondo lokushisa ngama-50 degrees.

Kwiingcali zelabhoratri, i-specimen isetyenziswa rhoqo. Kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphaya kwee-0 degrees, iphutha layo alikho ngaphezu kwama-degrees 0.045. Isalathisi sokuqhafaza esicacisiweyo sesixhobo malunga ne-55 P. Inxalenye ephakamileyo yale modeli ngu-85 mm. Iiplavesi ezikhuselweyo ngokuchanekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukumakishwa kwe-12X.

Ubushushu obuphezulu bubungama-250 degrees. Ibhokisi lokugcina alikho kwindawo ecacisiweyo. Umenzi unikeza izigqibo ezimbini. Iingxaki kunye ne-oxidation yesinyithi zivela ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukutywinwa kusetyenziswa kunye ne powder. Ukuqhawulwa kwimeko apha kunokwethenjelwa.

I-thermocouple TSP-0196-06

I-thermocouple yalolu hlobo luyimfuneko kakhulu ekuveliseni i-fusible zinyithi. Kule meko, isixhobo sokukhusela sinikezelwa ngu-15X. Ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza ngokwemiqathango yeGOST 6651 i-series B. Ubuncinane bokushisa obumgangatho we-30 degrees. Ipharamitha ephakamileyo yokuqonda ifanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba kumaqondo ashushu angaphezu kwama-0 degrees, iphutha lokuguqula i-thermal yi-0.022 degrees.

Ubude becandelo elinyukayo lemodeli li-60 mm kuphela. I-indicator ye-inertia ye-thermal iphezulu kwimizuzu eyi-12. Ubungakanani obuphezulu obuvumelekileyo bokushisa apho isixhobo esinokusetyenziswa khona ngama-240 degrees. Intloko yesigxina kule thermocouple inikwe.