Ukwehla kwe hryvnia ngo-2014: Iziphumo kuqoqosho

Ukuwa hryvnia yaqala ngo-2014 - kwisigaba esebenzayo le maidan. Noko ke, iingcali unoluvo lokuba zonke ezo zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ukuwa lwemali waba ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2013 ngenxa yokuba isimo esimaxongo kakhulu kuqoqosho, ukuhexa ukususela crisis ka-2008-2009. Ngoko ke, le khosi igcinwe ngokuzenzela ngempahla angaphandle oovimba lwemali Central Bank of Ukraine.

Ukwehla kwe hryvnia. Yintoni na?

Ukwehla yinkqubo apho ixabiso lwemali kazwelonke iwela ngokunxulumene amazwe, oko kukuthi, kukho ukwehla kwamandla emali.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukwehla kwe hryvnia Ukrainian - ukwehla kwezinga yayo sisananelo nxamnye amazwe.

Ukwehla kube uzibizela ezifihlakeleyo. Xa uvula ukwehla i-Central Bank yazisa oku, kwaye sokunciphisa imali ukuba zibe nokutshintshanisa okanye ukurhoxiswa. Xa urhulumente abagxothwa kunciphisa iindleko lwemali kazwelonke. Imali akukho bebetshatiswa kwaye sirhoxiswe.

imiphumela

ukwehla kwiziphumo kuba elidibanisayo okanye elithabathayo.

Phakathi ukuma esihle:

• ukwanda kwemfuno basekhaya;
• ukuncitshiswa koovimba ngamazwe yenkcitho;
• kukukhuthaza ukuba kumazwe angaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, imiphumela emibi zinkulu kakhulu. Kwimeko ukwehla ezi zinto zilandelayo kwenzeka:

• kubangelwa emali nokunyuka;
• Kuya ukulahleka nantembelo lwemali kazwelonke;
• zorhwebo iimveliso siyehla ngenxa kokunyuka kwamaxabiso;
• abantu badla ukurhoxisa yonke imali yabo kwi-akhawunti zeebhanki;
• umsebenzi ukuthenga kuyehla ngenxa ekunciphiseni yemivuzo kunye pension.

Ukraine. Ukwehla kwe hryvnia

NgoFebruwari 2014 kwabakho ukwehla emashumi mabini anantlanu le ekhulwini. Kunokuba ezisibhozo hryvnia ukuba dollar enye ngoku kwafuneka ukuba ukunika ezilishumi. Kwaye ngoMeyi, nangona ukuba oovimba Central Bank yawa billion amathandathu hryvnia ukwehla yaba amahlanu ekhulwini.

Kwangaxeshanye, Ukraine wafumana Isigaba sokuqala elinesixhenxe billion zeerandi. Ukwehla kwe hryvnia ukuya kuma ngenxa yoko. Kunjalo, le meko baqhubeka buba. ECrimea iye yafakwa eRashiya, kwi Donbas waqhubeka imfazwe yamakhaya, yaye inkampani leyo kwintsimi, bazibeka-Peoples Republic of IDonetsk kunye Luhansk Abantu Republic, wayeka irhafu eKiev.

Ngoko ke, ngo-Agasti, kwakukho omnye ukwehla kule hryvnia ngo-2014. Izinga lehla ukusuka hryvnia ishumi dollar enye elinesine enesiqingatha. Ngenxa izenzo ratio Central Bank kulinganiselwe wathamba, naphambi unyulo kungekudala fund legolide Ukraine ezibhalwe kwimali hryvnia ezilishumi asithoba anamihlanu cents dollar ngalinye. Noko ke, emva konyulo, inkxaso hryvnia Ukrainian phezu, le khosi kwakhona madolw 'anzima.

Ngexesha le veki idola lenyuka ukuya ezilishumi elinesithandathu kunye hryvnia encinane, kwaye ukwehla kule hryvnia e Ukraine (-ekupheleni konyaka 2014) yaba nekhulu ekhulwini.

Monetary Fund International

Esona sizathu siphambili kukwehla imeko yezoqoqosho ukwenziwa oonyana zonke iimfuno ze-International Monetary Ford. Ucela mboleko IMF Kiev waya izinga ithengise simahla, ukwanda kwabantu lweerhafu lwerhasi kunye nezinye imali yezinkonzo, nto leyo eyabangela ukothuka labemi. Abantu uthembe urhulumente wabo ayisendim, Balisusa imali evela akhawunti imali nokuthengwa currency abaninzi.

I kwezoqoqosho lobunzima e Ukraine kwenzeka kwixa elidlulileyo. Ekupheleni koo-, umbhodamo Russian iye ngayo kweli lizwe, yaye ngo-2008 - ehlabathini. Kuloo minyaka, ukwehla kwe hryvnia nayo zenzeka. Noko ke, urhulumente akazange anikezele kwiipaseji lwemali, njengoko kwenziwa ngo-2014.

Loo umlinganiselo ingaba yimpumelelo kuphela kwilizwe kunye kuqoqosho olomeleleyo kunye lwemali kazwelonke, exhaswa ngegolide okanye yorhwebo. Kwimeko Ukraine, uqoqosho luphawulwa ukuthembeka kunye nozinzo. Iingcali ngokuphindaphindiweyo baye bavakalisa uluvo lokuba hryvnia umba ngaphandle kweliso evela National Bank iya kubangela kwemali eyinkunzi - kuba hryvnia iza kuzama ukuthenga imali yelinye ilizwe.

Ukhulula hryvnia. imiphumela

Kwaba njalo. Imali ithatyathwe iidiphozithi, kwaye yibhanki eyongameleyo ngeli xesha esikhutshwe ezinye iimali kwiibhanki ukugcina amatyala. Izinga lonaniselwano waqalisa ukukhokela beyifuna.

Ngo-Agasti, National Bank bathenga kwiibhondi zikarhulumente, "Naftogaz Ukraine" kwindawo hryvnia amakhulu ezigidi. Le mali sele idluliselwa lwemali amazwe, nayo leyo negalelo jump elitsha kwamaxabiso. Ngenxa yoko, i-Central Bank, ngaphandle ezisebenza ngxabano, wamnceda akhule rate.

Ukongezelela, iinkampani ngaphandle iimveliso, baye bazama ukugcina imali amazwe olufunyenweyo elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, sifunisela khosi. imali yengeniso yamazwe angaphandle ngenxa yale lifinyele.

Oosomashishini baye bazama ukwenza imisebenzi zokuhlala ngaphandle Ukraine, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo izikimu neebhanki basekuhlaleni kuchaphazela ingqukuva. Baya befuna ukuzisa imali efunyenwe kulendawo.

Ngelo xesha linye utyalo-mali kakhulu lincitshiswe. Abatyali ndizilingile ikhonkco okanye egoso ukuthatha imali zabo zokuhamba kunye alarm kuyo, apho iingozi yokuzalisa imali zinkulu. Ngokutsho manani zikarhulumente, ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka Ukraine iphelelwe elinanye elinesine hundredths se dollar billion utyalo-mali olungqalileyo, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-malunga namashumi amabini ekhulwini kwimali iyonke wokungena zotyalo-mali.

amanyathelo Anti-crisis

Zonke iingcali ngazwi-nye athi ukuba ukwehla kule hryvnia ubukhulu becala kwenzeka ngenxa ukukhulula hryvnia kunye ukwaliwa izinga lotshintshiselwano elimisiweyo. Kwaye yintoni ke linyathelo lokuqala malunga Ukuzinziswa lwangoku kuba eli ligatya i phenyane ngeranti, kwaye ubuyiselo fixed.

Ngenxa jikelele anti-ntlekele imiqathango wangxamela ukuba aqhube inkqubo ngqongqo ejoliswe ekwenzeni mbalwa imisebenzi kwerandi, ukwanda kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi kwicandelo lezolimo. Baye iziphakamiso ukupheliswa yeefandesi exchange angaphandle nokuvusa lenzala wokuba lentelekelelo kwamaxabiso.

Ezinye iingcali Ukrainian bakholelwa ukuba National Bank zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukoyisa ingxaki lwemali, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, musa ukuwasebenzisa. Kodwa ke nantoni na yenziwa yi-National Bank, ekuqaleni kuka-2015 nciphisa hryvnia kuxhotyiwe, izinga wafikelela mathathu hryvnia ngenxa dollar enye.

Imiphumo ukwehla kwe hryvnia ngo-2014

umhlalutyi Economic Alexander Okhrimenko ithi ngexesha lokudodobala umvuzo avareji malunga nekhulu iidola, kodwa kungancitshiswa ukuya ku mahlanu. kakhulu esebenzayo kuphela uya kuba nako ukusinda kwindawo yangoku. Okunye angalambatha.

Kwandisa ixabiso letyala yamanye amazwe, bahlawula imali encinane okanye hayi. Oku sisiphumo le nto ebuhlungu uqoqosho, ezifana ukwehla kule hryvnia. Ngo-2014, iibhanki wathabatha isisombululo entsha - baqalisa ukwenza ekuthiwa-kwizikhundla ezimfutshane xa kuthengiswa imali ngaphezu wayithenga. Ekupheleni kuka-2014, izithuba ezimfutshane yaba billion amathandathu eerandi. Kodwa ngenxa ngoku iibhanki akakwazi ukuzithenga zeerandi ngo-amathathu hryvnia uze uzale iilahleko ezinkulu.

Ukuzinzisa le meko, kuba iceba Okhrimenko selubala mboleko yebhanki-nkqubo; zivelisa zonke iibhondi lemali amazwe kwaye usebenzise ngemali ukwandisa oovimba zegolide; iidipozithi free kunye irhafu kwandisa phezu kwabo, ukuze kuphakanyiswe izithintelo zemali le.

Kulindeleke ukuba Ukraine uya kuba nako ukubuyela kwinqanaba 2013 eminyaka malunga 5-7. Kunye noqwalaselo luya kuba kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba iingxaki kwimpuma yelo lizwe.

Abatyali e Ukraine ikakhulu oligarchs yayo. Ukuba balwe bodwa igunya kunye nempahla. Ngoko ke, utyalo-mali ngaphandle uya kuza emva kuphela, xa ekupheleni imfazwe phakathi kwabo.

Kakuhle eli iingxaki Ukrainian

Zonke iingxaki, kubandakanywa hryvnia abawayo, kwagqitywa ekubeni abhale off imfazwe kwi Donbas. Noko ke, kangangeenyanga eziliqela, ubuncinane ngegama isebenza isgqibo, kwaye hryvnia ifikelele incopho yayo ukuwa elandelayo. Kunye nokuphuculwa kungalindelekanga.

Ngokucacileyo, ukungakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zoqoqosho ozama ukubhalela off imfazwe. A ukuthingaza ukuba ndiyilahle kunye Donbas yenza entsha maxongo kwahlaziywa ezindala (kubandakanywa uqoqosho) iingxaki Ukraine.

iziphumo

Imfazwe siyitshabalalise oligarchs lizwe. Kodwa into embi - kukuba imfazwe kwi kumzantsi-mpuma Ukraine kubangele ilahleko amakhulu. Akwenzeki ukuba ukusombulula imiba wezoqoqosho indalo nje kwezoqoqosho kunye ningayichukumisi kunye icandelo yezopolitiko. Ngoku idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwi Ukraine. Ukususela zokusonjululwa imeko emzantsi-mpuma kuxhomekeke bayahlelwa elizayo kweli lizwe.