Ingcamango Political zamaXesha Aphakathi

ingcamango sezopolitiko kumaXesha Aphakathi yinxalenye bulumko ephakathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba le lwamaGrike namaRoma kunye nokungeniswa ebhayibhileni enikiweyo engakanani ngokwasengqondweni njenge reinterpretation kwimeko yeendlela zamaxesha aphakathi ukucinga, zahluke kakhulu kwezo ezazikho eGrisi yamandulo, eRome yamandulo okanye ihlabathi Hebrew. ingcamango Political zehlabathi lamandulo kwexesha endala kade wakhethwa njengoko njengesiqalo kuba ebhalwe ulwamkelo kuluntu kwaye emva koko ukukhonya of Christianity, okwaye kwabonelela iimeko esingundoqo uphuhliso iingcamango ephakathi kwezopolitiko.

KumaXesha Aphakathi kwangoko i-West, abantu babephila kwihlabathi apho kuthathwa ukholo lwamaKristu lula. Yaba Inkolelo jikelele ubomi wakhiwe. Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezimo zengqondo yamaKatolika iCawa ngokomthetho kwezopolitiko asinto umnyinyiva. Abalawuli wakugqala umsebenzi wabo ukuxhasa kwimpilo-ntle zeCawa. Pope, ubuveleli, Kwafika waluthethelela ukuthembeka imithetho kwezopolitiko. Sinokuthi ukuba kwakukho uhlobo 'impucuko zamaKristu ", apho zonke iinkalo zobomi (ezopolitiko, inkcubeko, ubugcisa, amayeza, kwaye njalo njalo) babezimisele ngokwemeko ukholo lwamaKristu.

ingcamango sezopolitiko kumaXesha Aphakathi isekelwe kwiimbono aye amiswa phakathi kolawulo loMlawuli uConstantine (iminyaka 306-37) kunye nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibhozo, xa West wabona ukunyuka ukuya amandla Carolingian. Ezi iingcamango ehlalisana kwaye basebenzisana kunye neendlela kuphela aphakathi yokucinga.

Ukuba ku kumaXesha Aphakathi kusasa, ixabiso eli lifa yayincinane kakhulu, ngoko, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinanye, kukho kwakhona ukuvulwa imithombo ezininzi iingcamango zezopolitiko zehlabathi bamandulo - ezifana iseti umthetho wobukhaya wamaRoma "ifundwe Justinian» (Corpus iuris civilis), imisebenzi Aristotle, ezifumaneka kwiinguqulelo Latin. Kwinkulungwane yeshumi, iye wanda imfundo e Paris, Bologna, Oxford nakwezinye iindawo. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane weshumi, kwasekwa iqumrhu ekuthiwa iiyunivesithi, apho bulumko kuye kufundwe ngaphakathi kwimida ubugcisa, kwakunye kumandla wezakwalizwi. imibuzo yophando imithetho ebalulekileyo kakhulu, yaye izimvo eziphuhliswe ifuthe izimvo zopolitiko.

Abaphengululi Political aphakathi baye babonisa ukuba njongo iphambili - kukukhuthaza imfundiso abangamaKristu, ekugqibeleni, ukufumana ubomi obungunaphakade. Church phakathi bazimele, iingcali zefilosofi, zemfundiso anendima ebalulekileyo uThomas Aquinas. Yena ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye sobulumko, nkqu Avreliy Avgustin, wabeka isiseko iimfundiso eliGorha nkqubo iCawa yamaKatolika.

Early Christian ifilosofi (ezopolitiko) Augustine yayityhefwe yi iingcamango uPlato. UmKristu wacinga ezinye "yayiya" ubuStoyike kunye nethiyori yobulungisa yehlabathi lamandulo. Xa umsebenzi wayo idumileyo - "The City of kaThixo" - imbali yoluntu Augustine kwanikezwa ungquzulwano phakathi koluntu ezimbini, "isichotho kobasemhlabeni" yaye "Isixeko kaThixo", isono kunye likaThixo, nto leyo umiselwe ukuba iphelela ngamlomo yokugqibela.

imfundiso Political Fomy Akvinskogo lijongana iintlobo nemithetho. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kukho imithetho ezine: Umthetho lendalo kaThixo, umthetho kaThixo ngokutsho kweZibhalo, imithetho yendalo okanye imithetho jikelele yokuziphatha; mthetho wabantu, okanye imithetho ezizodwa isebenza kwiimeko ezithile. Ngokutsho iimfundiso Fomy Akvinskogo, injongo yobukho bomntu - kuba yeyona manyano no ngonaphakade kunye noThixo.

Kodwa ingcinga zopolitiko kumaXesha Aphakathi waza ezinxulumene ingxaki ebaluleke ngakumbi. Indlela ukuchaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo le nto? Indlela ebanzi eya kwenkcazo umba ibinyanzeliswa awohluke yengcinga ephakathi bezopolitiko kunye nemithombo ezinceda mbali ukuyibuyisa. Uphononongo iingcinga kwezopolitiko, Kambe ke, kufuneka ibandakanye nakuphi na ukukhankanywa karhulumente, nangona ethi "imeko" kumaXesha Aphakathi gade ezinye igcwele, ezahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka izimvo yangoku. Wayengenako akunyanzelekanga kusetyenziswa ukuchaza imiba yoluntu nemibutho yezopolitiko, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, phambi kokuba kwinkulungwane yeshumi, nangona kukho ezinye izazinzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingcamango yokuba urhulumente sele maxesha yokuqala, ezifana ngexesha Carolingian.

Ukuntsonkotha uphando kuxhomekeke kuhlobo imithombo ngokwabo. ingcamango sezopolitiko kumaXesha Aphakathi ngeke ibonakale ngokupheleleyo kuphela umsebenzi eziliqela iinkcuba. Uninzi ababhali kumaxesha, xa kuqwalaselwa ngokwemeko le ngxaki baba ngokuyintloko yenkolo, zobulumko, bewenza, kunye neengcamango ezopolitiko akazange abonise ingqalelo ukuyifunda kakhulu. Kodwa nayiphi na imeko, orientation ngokwasengqondweni yezi iinkcuba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa zitolika umbuzo - kwakunye umsebenzi publicists ababandakanyekayo iimbambano phakathi kwakuphethe abalawuli behlabathi. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe imithombo yomthetho - ngenxa indima yeCawa kuluntu kuMbindi Ages kusasa, xa imiba ecclesiological ziye ukubaluleka kwezopolitiko.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kunye neminye imithombo ziqala, ebonisa ukulandelelana kubekwa yasebukhosini, ukulandelelana kweziganeko zembali - zonke ezo izinto ezingathanga ngqo kuphela kodwa ngokungathanga ngqo kwakhona ezinxulumene nemiba yezopolitiko kuncede ukucacisa ubudlelwane ezopolitiko.