Abantu baseMelika kunye nembali yabo

Igama elithi "iAmerica" linxulumene neninzi yabemi beplanethi yethu kunye nendoda yokubonakala kweYurophu. Abanye, ke, banokucinga ngomntu omnyama. Nangona kunjalo, amaMerika aseMerika ayabonakala ehlukileyo. Kwaye ziyaziwa phantsi kwegama elithi "amaNdiya". Uvela phi le ngcamango?

AmaNdiya namaNdiya: kutheni la magama afana?

Ngoko, namhlanje amaMerika aseMelika ahlala athiwa ngamaNdiya. Igama lifana negama lesinye isizwe: amaNdiya. Ngaba oku kufana nokungafani? Mhlawumbi amaNdiya namaNdiya aneengcambu zembali eziqhelekileyo?

Enyanisweni, amaMelika aseMelika afumana leli gama ngephutha: abahamba ngeeSpain, abaholwa nguChristopher Columbus, babefuna indlela efutshane kwihlabathi elidala ukuya eNdiya. Babengazi malunga nobukho bamazwe aseMerika. Ngoko ke, xa bedibana nabemi bokuqala belizwe elitsha, bacinga ukuba babehlala baseIndiya. Ngokwe-ethnologists, ama-Indiya yokuqala ayengabantu abemi. Kwiminyaka eyi-30 eyadlulayo beza apha bevela e-Asia kunye neBering Isthmus.

Igama elithi "redskins" lavela phi?

Abantu baseMerika bavame ukuvela phantsi kwegama elithi "redskins". Ayinalo uphawu olubi olufakwe kwigama elithi "abamnyama" ngokubhekiselele kubemi base-Afrika baseMerika eUnited States.

Amaxesha amaninzi ama-Indiya athiwa ngama-redskins, ahluke ama-colonizers abamhlophe. Ngokuphambene noko, igama elithi "mhlophe" emehlweni abo linemibala embi. Eli gama libonakala ngenxa yesizwe se-beotuki. Kwakukho kwisiqithi saseCanada saseNewfoundland. Kukholelwa ukuba ngu-beotuki owaqala ukudibanisa kungekhona kuphela abantu baseYurophu abafikile, kodwa nakwiiVikings, ngubani, ngokweminye imibiko, eyabonakala ngaphambi kweColumbus.

I-Beetics ayinayo nje umthunzi wesikhumba, kodwa nayo yayifaka imibala ebomvu ebusweni babo, iphikisana nabagcini bamhlophe. Kukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yeso sizathu ukuba onke amaNdiya athola le nickname. Isizwe se-beotuki sayeka ukuhlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu le-19.

Koloni

Abemi baseMelika (amaNdiya) bebengayi kunika indawo yabo ngokulula. Ukususela kwixesha likaColumbus kuze kube yilapho inkulungwane ye-20 ikholoni yelizwekazi iqhubeka. Ngenxa yobulungisa, masithi - macala omabini alahlekelwa yilahleko phambi kokuba amaYurophu ahlale apha.

Kuphawulekayo, kodwa abemi bokuqala baseYurophu bahamba ngendlela efanayo namaNdiya. Imeko yatshintsha xa ukuphuhliswa kwala mazwe kuba ngumgomo wezopolitiko. AmaFrentshi athululela eMelika, isiNgesi, iSpanish, isiPutukezi kunye namaRashiya. Ngendlela, iimfazwe kunye nokubuyiswa komhlaba kwakungekho kuphela phakathi kwabaseYurophu namaNdiya.

Abantu baseMerika ngabantu abanobundlobongela. Iimbambano eziqhubekayo, iimfazwe phakathi kwezizwe ziqhekeza rhoqo kwilizwekazikazi. Kuphawulekayo, kodwa abahlali bokuqala abavela kwi-Old World bathatha inxaxheba kwimpikiswano phakathi kwezizwe.

Kwakhona kuyaqatshelwa ukuba ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya zathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ecaleni laseYurophu. Isizathu kukuba i- feud yegazi ayigqibekanga kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa ikhulu leminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxhasa abantu bezinye iintlanga emzabalazweni wokulwa neentshaba zegazi kwezinye izizwe kwakucingwa njengento engcwele, "umyalelo wooyise kunye nookhokho".

AmaYurophu ayengenxalenye yenyunyano enye. Kukho iingxabano phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala, kunye neimfazwe phakathi kwamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxabana okuphakathi kweNgilani neFransi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kwenzeka ngokukodwa kwimimandla yaseMerika.

Ngaloo ndlela, kunokugqitywa ukuba ukoloni lweli zwekazi alizange lenzeke ngendlela yokuxhatshaliswa kwezinto zabantu base-Yurophu, kodwa zimelela ukungabonakali kweengqungquthela zangexesha elidlulileyo. KwiLatin America, ama-colonial aseSpain namaPutukezi aququzelela ukutshabalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwabantu base-Incas, ama-Aztec, iiMeya. Iimeko eMntla Melika zahlukile.

Ukuxhaswa phakathi kwekhulu le-19

Abantu baseYurophu babecinga ukuba amaNdiya angabinqabileyo, amaqhinga ngenxa yendlela yabo yobomi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo yanikezela imithetho eyahlukileyo eyalathintela ulwimi lwabantu baseMerika, inkolo, izithethe, njl. Urhulumente wafuna iindlela zokubambisa abantu bendabuko.

Impumelelo kakhulu yayizama ukukhusela amaNdiya ukusuka kuninzi lwabemi kwiindawo ezizimeleyo. Iimimandla ezizimeleyo ezifanayo zikhoyo namhlanje. Kakade ke, kukho izinto ezininzi zobomi banamhlanje ebomini babantu: iimpahla, amakhaya, izithuthi. Nangona kunjalo, basenyanisweni kwizithethe ezininzi kunye namasiko ookhokho babo: balondoloza ulwimi lwabo, inkolo, amasiko, iimfihlakalo ze-shamanism, njl. Ngendlela, ulwimi ngalunye lunolwimi lwayo.

Umzabalazo wamalungelo ama-Indiya

Isiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu lama-20 sabonakaliswa ngumzabalazo wamalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni. Ngomnyaka we-1924, kwaphuma umyalelo owawunika ubemi bobuNtu kubo bonke amaNdiya. Kuze kube ngoko, abazange bakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzeleko kwilizwe, bathathe inxaxheba kokhetho, ukufunda kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo, kwiiyunivesithi. Ngaloo nyaka, yonke imigaqo ebuncitshiswa ngandlela-thile yamalungelo abo yachithwa.

Kwakukho ababhikishi abalwela ukubuyela kwawo onke amazwe akhethwe ngokungemthetho evela kumaNdiya, kunye nembuyekezo yemonakalo ebangelwe kubo. Kwakukho ikhomishini ekhethekileyo yezikhalazo zaseNdiya. Ukususela ngeli xesha, umthonyama e-United States uye waba nenzuzo: kuphela kwiminyaka yokuqala engama-30 yomsebenzi weKomishoni urhulumente wahlawula malunga ne-$ 820 yezigidi ezihlawulelwayo, ezilingana neebhiliyoni ezili-dollar ngokwexabiso langoku.

Ikhaya lamaNdiya

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamakholoni aseYurophu e-US yamanje neKhanada, bekukho ama-Indiya angama-75 yezigidi. Namhlanje, eli nani lincinci kakhulu: abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5, malunga ne-1.6% yabantu bonke baseUnited States.

Baphi baseMelika baseMelika? Kwakungekho nanye. Iintlanga ezahlukileyo kwizithethe zabo, indlela yobomi, inqanaba lophuhliso. Ngenxa yoko, ngalinye iqela lihlala kwindawo yalo. Ngokomzekelo, amaNdiya asePueblo ahlala kwintsimi yamanamhlanje aseNew Mexico naseArizona. I-Navajo - intsimi yezantsi-ntshona ye-US, kufuphi ne-pueblo. U-Iroquois wahlala kumazwe amaninzi asePennsylvania, e- Indiana, e-Ohio, e-Illinois. Incinci enyakatho ye-Iroquois yayihlala iiHurons, ezazingabokuqala ukuthengisa kunye nabantu baseYurophu. Isizwe saseMohicans sasihlala kwintsimi yamanamhlanje aseNew York naseVermont, iiKrokees ezihlala eNyakatho yeNorth naseMzantsi Carolina, eAlabama, eGeorgia, eVirginia.

"Abemi baseMelika" - iimali zemali zabaqokeleli

Inzala kwenkcubeko yamaNdiya ayizange iphele nanamhlanje. Ngokukodwa abaqokeleli, iintlawulo zemali elandelwayo "Amantombazana aseMelika" akhutshwe (isithombe esingezantsi). Le ngqekembe yedola ye-dollar enye, ehlanganiswe ngethusi le-manganese. Ukuvota okunjalo kuhamba ixesha elifutshane, ngokusingathwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukubonakala kwangaphambili kususwe ngokupheleleyo, ngoko kuyafumaneka kuphela kwi-numismatists. Igama lokuqala loluhlu lweengqekembe "iiDola zaseSakaway" ngokuhlonipha intombazana evela kwisizwe saseShoshone.

Wayesazi ezininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentetho zaseNdiya, wanceda uhambo luka Lewis kunye noClark. Kwezinye iimali-mali kukho umfanekiso wayo. Njengomboniso weSakwayway, intombazana eneminyaka engama-22 ubudala evela kwisizwe esifanayo ikhethiweyo-Randy Teton.