Umdla Lublin (Poland): iziza zembali, indawo

On the Bistrita River, kwimpuma Poland, kwiphondo Lublin ikhona, iziko lolawulo yazo isixeko Lublin. Yokuqala ekwahlala ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko le-600, nangona bamaxwebhu kukhankanywa lisukela emva kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XII. Esi sixeko wayesisityebi, elihamba ngokukhawuleza yaye kubaluleke kakhulu zorhwebo. Akumangalisi ukuba ukulungele ukuba anilwele kuye ubomi-and-ukufa, iintlanga ezininzi, kuqalwa kunye Lithuanians kwaye Prussians kunye nesiphelo kunye Mongols nenkosana Galician. Kodwa Lublin (Poland) thiki "amandla" phantsi amabutho esitha.

Ngokwembali, esi sixeko ephawulekayo ukuba apha 1569 ukusayinwa i Lublin Union - yeyona isiganeko engundoqo, apho kwakukho urhulumente inkulu yaseYurophu - Rzeczpospolita. Luhlanganisa Lithuania kunye Poland.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Lublin umdla mhlawumbi bonke kubakhenkethi waba ithamsanqa ukutyelela ePoland. Le yidolophu entle kwaye kakuhle igcinwe, ezitratweni zayo ubumnandi ukuhamba ngalo naliphi na ixesha lemini. Kodwa ukonga ixesha ulahle, kufuneka ukudibanisa ubumnandi ne benefit, ukuhambela ebalulekileyo yembali yabakhenkethi.

Cracow esangweni

Olu luphawu esixekweni lwembali bokwakha. Gates akhiwe kwinxalenye esentshona Old Town. KumaXesha Aphakathi yayidlala indima somnyango engundoqo umzi, leyo lavulwa kuphela yezikhulu. Igama lakhe Cracow Isango wafumana ngenxa yokuba ekwabelwana kwindlela yorhwebo phakathi Vilnius ne Krakow. Zabazisa kubo ukomeleza Lublin emva kokuhlaselwa ekhohlaleleyo i AmaTatar ngo-1341.

Ngokwabo injongo - yinto ikhonkco kuphela iinqaba. Inxalenye ephantsi (Gothic) kwakhona ngezitena kunye lekalika, kwaye eliphezulu (Renaissance) libali-ezimbini izitena superstructure kunye umzekelo elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Kukho nesinye isahlulo sesithathu, kwenziwe yobuciko. Oku buphuma yi kwinqaba nkundla yobhedu. Ukwakhiwa esangweni waya phantse amathathu eminyaka (sharing-1300-1500). Ekubeni imisebenzi 1965 kulo myuziyam.

Dominican isigodlo

Dominican yamangcwaba-eMonastri imbaxa nalo ngomnye izinto eziphambili Lublin. Le tempile exabisekileyo sakhiwe kwi kwintsimi, apho kwakukho indlu yonqulo of the Holy Cross kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIV. Esi sakhiwo iqulathe woonongendi kunye Basilica iSt Stanislaus.

Temple Ukwakha wasinda ekupheleni kumaXesha Aphakathi, njengoko zonakaliswe kakubi ngumlilo. Architecture ebusweni ngokutsha abazifumene isimbo Renaissance. Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe yazaliswa-elinanye. Ezikhanya ekunokuthiwa Umnqamlezo oyiNgcwele Wena mboni, obonisa Umgwebo Wokugqibela.

Lublin nqaba

Kweli nqanaba kwinkulungwane XII lwakwakhiwa zokuzifaka apha kuqala. Lublin nqaba ludonga olukhuselayo ngakule nqaba, apho kamva baye wakha inyango yezitena. Noko ke, ukuba nomtsalane lwemithombo ngoxa eshushu kangaka.

Ngowe-1520 le nqaba yakhiwa. Renaissance style lwakhethwa. Ngokutsha kunye icandelo nokuhombisa ababandakanyekayo inkosi Italian. Kwaye zikwazile ukwenza wobugcisa bokwakha oyinyaniso. Hi ndlela leyi, kule enqabeni kunye nokusayinwa i Lublin Union.

Andiswe loo mmandla, bakha izongezelelo izinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana emagumbini kwikona inqaba. Ngoku nantsi imyuziyam, ngoko iindwendwe ndincome isakhiwo Neo-Gothic kobokuqala entolongweni, nenqaba emhadini isiGothic kunye amabhodlo yamaYuda Tower.

esangweni lesixeko

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo abaninzi ibekwe Lublin Old Town. Amasango sixeko zibekwe ukuya emntla-mpuma ndawo yaye kuthiwa yamaYuda. Ekuqaleni ukuba yinxalenye eludongeni omzimba, kuphela de 1785. Ke kwabakho ngokutsha, ezenza kwakhona inxaxheba inkosi Italian Domenico Merlini. Okwangoku, kukho "Theatre NN» - ngumbutho ukukhusela ilifa lenkcubeko mmandla.

Wincenty Manor Fields

Wincenty Pol - imbongi Polish, umbhali, nangokuma kunye ethnographer. estate yakhe yakhiwa ngo-1972. Masakhane kwi indlela yamandulo. Ngoku nanku imyuziyam uzibambileyo ilifa ngqangi umnini, iincwadi zakhe, uphando buqu, ifenitshala XIX kwenkulungwane, iintlobo amakhadi kunye namaxwebhu usapho Élysées.

iholo yedolophu

Lublin i iHolo Old and New Town. Eyokuqala ise embindini Market Square. Ukusuka 1578 kwakukho Nkundla Crown - nkundla iphezulu. Ngenkulungwane XVI, esi sakhiwo kwakhona isimbo Renaissance, yaye emva kwenkulungwane - ezimbejembeje. Namhlanje, oko ibhotwe yomtshato.

Lublin (Poland) obzavolsya Hall New Town ngo 1828. Esi sakhiwo kwi isimbo lwamandulo, eyantlithwa kakubi ngexesha Second World War. Noko ke, kuvuselelwa igcine classic. EkuPhulukenwe uye kuphela ngo-1952. Ngoku apha yomlando, ofisi sodolophu, isikhululo samapolisa kunye ofisi kamasipala.

Majdanek

Izinto ezininzi ezimbi Lublin - amacandelo ezintlanu ummandla weehektare 270 kubhekiselelwe ngobumbano Majdanek. iinkampu ukufa uHitler ngayo Wesithathu yasekwa ngo-1941 yaye basebenza de 1944 Kule minyaka mithathu apha iindlela nabuntu zobomi ziye ndayihluthwa abantu abangama-80 000, uninzi lwabo amaYuda.

Njengoko Auschwitz (kwinkampu yoxinaniso kunye inkampu ukufa Auschwitz), kwakukho iimeko zokuphila ezoyikekayo. Abantu kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenze emini, phantse akukho ukutya, hayi ukuhlamba. Ukususela ngo-1942, kwaqalisa ukutshatyalaliswa esisi.

Esi siganeko ezimbi ezenzeka kulo mmandla ngokuba "Isivuno Festival." Ngaloo inkcazelo ye-SS ebizwa ngokuba ukubulala kunye ukutshisa elandelayo imizimba ngaphezu kwama-18 000 amaYuda. Ukuze benze oku, kwakufuneka kuphela ngosuku ...

nohambo

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Lublin ingabonwa ngokwabo okanye usebenzise iinkonzo njengesikhokelo. Njengezinye izixeko kwabakhenkethi, fumana edesikeni ukhenketho apha akukho nzima. Kodwa ukuhamba nomntu oqeqeshiweyo aya kuba lukhulu ngakumbi umdla. Njengoko umthetho, i uhambo kuquka utyelelo ku:

• an open-air imyuziyam (ilali Lublin);
• Botanical Garden;
• Saxon Park;
• Church nguMoya oyiNgcwele, eSt uPetros noPawulos Lady Lwethu Victory;
• theatre Old;
• yenkosi Episcopal.

Kakade ke, ezo sayithi eziye ezidweliswe ngasentla. Unako kwakhona babhukishe kukhenketho labucala ukuba kuzivelela iindawo bafuna abakhenkethi kuphela. Kukho ukhetho yokuthuthwa ngebhasi okanye ngeenyawo.