Egypt yaMandulo: Uyilo kunye neentsingiselo zawo

Enye imimandla ukuba inkcubeko ushiye uphawu yayo yonke nempucuko - Egypt yaMandulo. Uphawu le nkcubeko olufundwa kude kube ngoku, badlala yayibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni le impucuko enkulu. Yayikumgama malunga ngaphakathi kwemida imeko mihla igama elifanayo kwi mpuma weAfrika.

Imbali yeesimboli zaseYiputa

Intsomi - icandelo engundoqo kwinkcubeko, idume Egypt Ancient. Symbols yoothixo, izilwanyana, ngezimanga zendalo umdla ingakumbi ukuba abaphandi. Ngelo xesha kwasuka indlela kwiintsomi indalo nzima kakhulu.

imithombo ezibhaliweyo, nto leyo bangathenjwa, kwabonakala kamva. Yintoni obonakalayo - nefuthe elikhulu kwi imikhosi yamaYiputa endalo. Kukwanjalo ke iqatshelwe kuphuhliso naliphi na ilizwe yamandulo. Abantu abaphila phambi kukaKristu, wazama ukucacisa ukuba kutheni yonke imihla ilanga liphuma, iNile luyaphuphuma kweendonga zayo kunyaka ngamnye, kwaye iindudumo nemibane ngokuhamba kwexesha kuwa phezu kweentloko zabo. Ngenxa ngezenzeko zendalo zaphezulu ngenkululeko. Ngoko ke kukho njengophawu lobomi, inkcubeko, namandla.

Abantu baphawula ukuba bambi babesoloko wawunesisa kubo. Neal akwazi ukuchitheka liphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo isivuno unyaka ohlwem- kunye nendlala ezilandelayo. Kulo mzekelo, amaYiputa amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba into bamqumbisa oothixo yaye benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze wabakholisa, ukuba le meko aziphindwanga kunyaka olandelayo. Konke oku wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu kwilizwe elifana Egypt Ancient. Imiqondiso neempawu anceda ukuqonda ubunyani ezingqongileyo.

iisimboli amandla

Abalawuli of Ancient Egypt ooFaro ebizwa ngokwabo. UFaro njengento umlawuli uthixo-like, yena waqubuda ngexesha lokudla kwakhe nasemva wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba ezinkulu, abaninzi kuzo asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje yokufa kwakhe.

Symbols amandla eYiputa yamandulo - Ingaba igolide tie iindevu zakhe, abasebenzi bakhe isithsaba. Ngemihla yokuqala karhulumente baseYiputa, xa emazweni Upper ne Lower Nile nabangekafumani simanyene, umlawuli ngamnye kubo waba isithsaba yayo kunye neempawu ezizodwa amandla. Kulo mzekelo, umlawuli ephakamileyo isithsaba Upper Egypt yamhlophe waba nemilo izikhonkwane yokubhowula. E Lower Egypt uFaro cylinder isithsaba-like ebomvu. United Kingdom UFaro waseYiputa wenza Men. Emva koko, i-Crown, enyanisweni, bathelela ngokufaka omnye komnye, kwasala imibala zabo.

Dual Crown ebizwa pschent - uphawu igunya eYiputa yamandulo, eziye zigcinwe iminyaka emininzi. Kwangaxeshanye, isithsaba ngamnye umlawuli Upper ne Lower eYiputa igama layo. White wabizwa ngokuba Atef, obomvu - hedjet.

Kwangaxeshanye, engqongwe ngokwabo kunye zodidi ibonwe abalawuli umYiputa. Ngapha koko, ke ingqalelo oonyana ophakamileyo uthixo ilanga Ra. Ngoko ke, imifuziselo koFaro waseYiputa yamandulo nje yabengezela. Ukongeza kwezi kukwayinto entle ihupula, apho ubonisa ureus inyoka. Yena yayidume umthamo wayo kwakhokelela ekufeni nangoko. Umfanekiso inyoka yayimi malunga kwentloko kaFaro, intloko ke kanye embindini.

Ngokubanzi, iinyoka - wemifanekiso ethandwa igunya kaFaro eYiputa yamandulo. Aveza nje kuphela iqhiya, kodwa phezu isithsaba, nesigcina-ntloko yomkhosi kunye nebhanti yakhe. Endleleni, ayehambisana izivatho zegolide, amatye anqabileyo kunye lwawo elinombala.

uphawu koothixo

Oothixo abadlale indima ephambili ukwimeko efana Egypt Ancient. Imiqondiso eyaye yanxulunyaniswa nabo baye ezinxulumene ne kwimbono elizayo kunye leyinene. Kwaye ke uluhlu lwabantu kaThixo omkhulu. Ukongeza ukuba aqhumisele koothixo bakhe thixokazi, oominenga kunye iikhonsepti izithixo.

Enye izithixo ezinkulu umYiputa - Amun. Xa ubukumkani joint somYiputa lowo intloko ephakamileyo oothixo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba kusenza ndawonye bonke abantu, yonke woothixo konke. uphawu yakhe isithsaba ngeentsiba ezimbini nde okanye uvezwa ukusitha ilanga, ngenxa yokuba ingqalelo uthixo kwelanga kunye yonke indalo. Xa grabnitsah samandulo saseYiputa wafumana zemizobo Amon, leyo uyavela owazenza yemvu okanye umntu entloko yenkunzi yegusha leyo.

Uyindawo wabafileyo kule kwiintsomi headed Anubis. Kwakhona kuthathwa isibambiso amadlaka unogada - amadlaka komhlaba kunye crypts, kwaye Umsunguli yabaqholiweyo - indlela ekhethekileyo ethintela izidumbu anokungenwa ziye zasetyenziswa ukungcwatywa koFaro.

Symbols zoothixo baseYiputa yaMandulo zaye yayisoloko ngokufuthi linzima. Anubis ngokwemveli uvezwa nentloko yenja okanye udyakalashe kunye inekhola ebomvu ngokohlobo yomqala. iimpawu zakhe ayitshintshanga Ankh - umnqamlezo songeza enemisesane ukuba imela ubomi obungunaphakade, UAS - intonga, aqulathe ngamandla aphilisayo lemimoya yidemon.

Kodwa kuye oothixo kumnandi ngakumbi kwaye ezilungileyo. Umzekelo, Bast Bast okanye. Le uthixo kumnandi, ubuhle esobukhomokazi kunye nothando, nto leyo uchazwa ikati okanye yengonyama kwindawo ekuhlaleni. Kwakhona waba enoxanduva iminyaka echumayo kunye nemveliso yaye bachaze ubomi bentsapho. Symbols zoothixo baseYiputa Intshabalalo yaMandulo ezinxulumene Bast - itempile Urhashaza, elo wabelithiyiwe SISTROM kunye yiAegis - ingubo magic.

uphawu yokuphilisa

Ingqalelo enkulu eYiputa yamandulo wayekwiqela ukunqulwa yokuphilisa. Ngokuba bayahlelwa nobomi adibana uthixokazi uIsis, yaye kucingwa ukuba umxhasi nabakhafuli kunye nasemaxhweleni. Wamsa izipho ukukhusela kubelekwa.

Uphawu wamayeza eYiputa yamandulo - iimpondo cow, ezo zibanjwa kwi disk kwelanga. Ovezwa njengoko Isis rhoqo (ngamanye amaxesha ngokohlobo umfazi ezinamaphiko nentloko yenkomo).

Neempawu zalo rhoqo ingqalelo SISTROM kunye ankh cross.

uphawu lokuphila

Ankh okanye Coptic umnqamlezo - njengophawu lobomi eYiputa yamandulo. Libizwa ngokuba eyayimela baseYiputa, kuba bona ngomnye iimpawu zibalulekileyo kunye engundoqo.

Kwakhona ngokuba isitshixo ebomini okanye umnqamlezo zaseYiputa. Ankh - lophawu oothixo abaninzi baseYiputa, apho kuboniswe iindonga iiphiramidi zomkhanzi. Kunyanzelekile ukuba engcwabeni lakhe ooFaro, nto leyo yathetha ukuba le rhuluneli akwazi ukuqhubeka ubomi umphefumlo wakhe kokufa.

Nangona abaphandi abaninzi baye bathi olube le Ankh ubomi, kusekho kungekho kuvumelana kulo mba. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba nezimiso emnyuse ukungafi nobulumko, ngokunjalo into yokuba waba uhlobo iimpawu zokhuselo.

Ankh wayekuthanda ukuthandwa nanto kwilizwe ezifana Egypt Ancient. Imiqondiso izbrazhavshie ukuba isicelo iindonga iitempile, amakhubalo, izinto ezahlukeneyo inkcubeko kunye nobomi. amanani amaninzi eliphethwe ezandleni zoothixo baseYiputa.

Namhlanje, lo ankh isetyenziswa kakhulu usiko kolutsha, ngokukodwa ukulungele. Njengoko ngokunjalo zonke iintlobo zamahlelo umlingo kunye parascientific, nkqu uncwadi esoteric.

uphawu kwelanga

uphawu kwelanga eYiputa yamandulo - Lotus. Ekuqaleni yena ezinxulumene nomfanekiso wokuzalwa kunye nendalo, yaye kamva waba ngomnye incarnations unkulunkulu ephakamileyo oothixo saseYiputa Amun-Ra. Ukongeza, Lotus zibonisa ukubuya ulutsha kunye nobuhle.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba babezinikele mini-nkwenkwezi jikelele yaba amaYiputa enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kunye ebalulekileyo. Kwaye zonke izithixo, ngendlela enye okanye omnye edibene ilanga, waqubuda ngaphezu kwabanye.

Uthixo ilanga Ra, ngokutsho kwiintsomi zaseYiputa, wadala zonke ezinye oothixo noothixokazi. Ngaba intsomi eqhelekileyo kakhulu malunga nendlela Ra iiseyile ngenqanawa phezu komlambo yasezulwini, ngaxeshanye likhanyise ihlabathi kwelanga wonke. Kamsinya nje kuhlwa, oko hlumela kwenye emkhombeni, bonke ubusuku ehlola impahla kwi kokufa.

Ngentsasa elandelayo kwakhona iza phezulu kunina, kwaye uqala usuku olutsha. Ekubeni amaYiputa amandulo bathi le ukutshintsha imini nobusuku, ngexesha lasemini; ngokuba unyule bona disk elanga kwaba lwalo imvuselelo kunye nokuqhubekeka wokuphila wabo bonke abantu emhlabeni.

KoFaro oonyana oko kuqwalaselwa okanye ummeli kaThixo emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, akukho namnye weza intloko yakhe ukuba ayinakuphikiswa ilungelo labo lokulawula, ngoko amalungiselelo kwiphondo laseYiputa Ancient kuyo. Imiqondiso neempawu ezazihamba uthixo oyintloko Ra - idiski ilanga, beetle scarab, okanye ePhoenix, nto leyo azalwe ukusuka amadangatye. ingqalelo kakhulu nayo yanikwa emehlweni isithixo. AmaYiputa babekholelwa ukuba bona banokunyanga nokukhusela abantu ukugula amashwa.

Ulwalamano olukhethekileyo amaYiputa yaba embindini iphela - inkwenkwezi ilanga. Bona inxulumene ngqo ngqo negalelo layo ubushushu, isivuno esihle, ubomi uluphakamisile bonke abemi beli lizwe.

Okunye okunika ukwazi. Star kwelanga ngamaYiputa amandulo, wabizwa ngokuba sisihlobo sonke apricot. Kwaye eYiputa, le siqhamo ayikhuli, iimeko zemozulu ayifanelekile. Kuye kwaziswa evela kumazwe Asia. Kulo mzekelo, "undwendwe langaphandle" ngoko wayethanda amaYiputa, ukuba sagqiba kangaka bumbongorha ukubiza eso siqhamo, wathi ngokuchanekileyo indlela imilo kunye nombala efana nelanga.

ezi- ngcwele kuba amaYiputa

Oko kuthetha iisimboli eYiputa mandulo kunye nokubaluleka kwazo, kusekho izazinzulu ezininzi bexabana. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa ezingcwele.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo of them - SPLA. Oku yityesi ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngomthi. Kulo ababingeleli veke oqingqiweyo wesithixo okanye uphawu engcwele eyayinikezelwe kuye. Ngoko nangoko wabiza indawo engcwele ukunqula isithixo ethile. Kaninzi Naos sibekwe ezingcwele okanye kumangcwaba koFaro.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-SPLA waba eziliqela. Omnye iinkuni yayincinane, yafakwa kwi elikhulu, aqingqiweyo ukusuka isiqwenga esinye ngamatye. Ixhaphakileyo eYiputa yamandulo, sele ifunyenwe kwixesha elizayo. Ngelo xesha etyebileyo neziindidi yazo ihonjiswe. SPLA nayo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba indlu okanye ingcwele isithixo.

Njengemiqondiso engcwele eYiputa yamandulo - ubuxhaka. Oku izixhobo zezihlokomiso, ezazisetyenziswa ababingeleli ngexesha amiswa ukuze izukiswe uthixokazi Hathor. Phakathi amaYiputa, kwaba isithixokazi uthando lobuhle, omele ubufazi kunye wenzala kunye novuyo. Abaphengululi Modern bakholelwa ukuba analog lamaRoma Venus, yaye amaGrike - Aphrodite.

Musical isixhobo ubuxhaka wambu kwiplanga okanye umgubo wentsimbi. strings metal zasuka kolulwa phakathi kwabo. Konke oku wanikela off iithowuni izandi ezijongwa ababingeleli, ezitsalwa oothixo. Izithethe basebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ubuxhaka. Omnye wayebizwa iba. Waye ngokohlobo lombhobho ring metal elemental embindini. Kunye umqheba elide kubhaliwe ibekwe ngaphezu kwentloko uthixokazi Hathor.

Okuninzi ubuxhaka ukhetho kwesithethe ebizwa seseshet. Waba ukumeka SPLA yaye zazihonjiswe ezahlukeneyo nemisesane, nezidanga. Ngokugoqoza amaqhekeza ezimbiwa, nto leyo izandi ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwibhokisi encinci. Seseshet bavumelekile ukunxiba kuphela ababingeleli abafazi atyebileyo yeeklasi eliphezulu.

uphawu yenkcubeko

Uphawu inkcubeko eYiputa mandulo - ngu iphiramidi. It waziwa kakhulu, lesikhumbuzo esekhona yobugcisa baseYiputa amandulo bokwakha. Enye kakhulu yamandulo nabadumileyo - nePiramidi kaFaro Djoser, owayelawula kangangeenkulungwane 18 BC. Le ise kumzantsi eNofu, yaye ezingama-60 ubude. amakhoboka zawo babeka iibhloko yilimestone.

Iphiramidi yabhalwa eYiputa - imimangaliso emangalisayo izakhiwo aba bantu bamandulo. Ngu ilungelo omnye wabo - Pyramid of Cheops - ingqalelo njengenye yemimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi. Kwaye enye - iiphiramidi of Giza - enye abaviwa ukuba abe ebizwa ngokuba "Akumangalisi elitsha zehlabathi."

Ngokwangaphandle, isakhiwo ilitye oku, bangcwabe abalawuli umYiputa - koFaro. Ukususela igama lesiGrike elithi 'bayawa "liguqulelwe njenge emacala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho kuvumelana phakathi izazinzulu malunga nexesha kutheni amaYiputa amandulo bakhetha ezingcwele uhlobo olunjalo. Okwangoku, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, siye safumanisa 118 iiphiramidi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo laseYiputa.

Inani elikhulu kwezi zakhiwo ibekwe kwisithili Giza, kufutshane ikomkhulu eli ilizwe laseAfrika - iCairo. Kananjalo ngokuba Pyramid Omkhulu.

Iiphiramidi ezo aziwa ngayo mastaba. Ngoko e eYiputa yamandulo wabizwa ngokuba "ekhaya emva ebomini", olu sapho lwaluquka indawo yokungcwaba kunye nesakhiwo ilitye, apho ibekwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Ezi ekhaya yomngcwabo ngokwabo ukwakha ooFaro yokuqala zaseYiputa. Ngokuba izinto kusetyenziswa izitena unfired ezenziwe ngodongwe, asidubaduba udaka emlanjeni. Zazakhiwe endle e Upper Egypt phambi kokuba ubunye kurhulumente, yaye eNofu, apho uziqwalasele necropolis eziyintloko lizwe. Ngaphezu komhlaba kwezi zakhiwo sasihlala amagumbi umthandazo indawo apho agcinwe impahla engcwabeni. Komhlaba - kokungcwaba ngqo uFaro.

Iiphiramidi edume

Uphawu laseYiputa Ancient nguye iphiramidi. Eyona idumileyo ke Enkulu ngemfumba Giza. Oku engcwabeni koFaro KHUFU, Khafre kunye Menkaure. Ukususela iphiramidi yokuqala esekhona ka Djoser yephiramidi, aba zahluke ukuba abanayo inyathelo, kunye nemilo engqongqo yemigca. iindonga babo bakhula ngokungqongqo phantsi engile degrees 51-53 kuthelekiswa kolundi. Zibonisa kusele zekhampasi. Famous nePiramidi Cheops kuwo onke eyakhelwe elulwalweni, wadalwa ngemvelo, kwaye ibekwa kanye embindini kwisiseko iphiramidi.

NePiramidi Enkulu of Giza yaziwa into yokuba lelona liphezulu. Ekuqaleni, kwaba neemitha ngaphezu kwe-146, kodwa ngoku ngenxa yokulahlekelwa khazi yawa phantse 8 yeemitha. Ubude kwicala ngalinye kweemitha 230, yayakhiwe Kwiinkulungwane 26 BC. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, yayakhiwe kwiminyaka emalunga nama-20.

Kuba ekwakhiweni kwayo wathabatha iibhloko ngaphezu kwezigidi amabini amatye. Nangona kunjalo, akukho yokuhlanganisa, ezifana isamente, kusetyenziswa amaYiputa amandulo. block nganye ubunzima malunga namawaka amabini eekhilogram, ubunzima ngamnye zafikelela 80 lamawaka eekhilogram. Ekugqibeleni - yinto isakhiwo monolithic, ekwabelwana ngabo emagumbini kuphela neekhorido.

Ezimbini enye iphiramidi ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Chephren kunye Mikerna - kwakhiwa inzala ka Cheops kunye ezincinane ubukhulu.

Iphiramidi of Khafre eYiputa ithathwa ukuba yesibini ngobukhulu. Phezu kwakhe, nomfanekiso adumileyo SPHINX. ukuphakama kwawo kwabalelwa ekuqaleni phantse 144 mitha, kunye nobude macala - 215 leemitha.

Menkaure wesona Giza omkhulu. ukuphakama kwayo-66 eemitha ubude isiseko ngakumbi kancinane kangange- 100 leemitha. Ekuqaleni imilinganiso yalo baba ezindilisekileyo kakhulu, ngoko sibeke phambili inguqulo oko yayinenjongo ngumlawuli ngamaYiputa amandulo. Noko ke, enyanisweni akukwazekanga ukuba sibe nalo.

Njengoko wakha iiphiramidi?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayisekho iteknoloji enye. Oko kwatshintsha ukusuka kwenye ulwakhiwo ukuya kwenye. Izazinzulu ndibeke yeengcinga phambili ezahlukeneyo, enikelwe yokwakha ngayo la maziko, kodwa akukho ukuvumelana kangaka kude.

Abaphandi baye idatha ethile eqingqiweyo la matye abethatyathwe kuwo, kwaye iibloko izixhobo ezisetyenziswa processing yamatye, kwakunye nendlela bafudukela kwindawo yokwakha.

Inkoliso Egyptologists bakholelwa ukuba amatye bahlabeka kwi enkwalini ezizodwa usebenzisa izixhobo zobhedu, ezifana zokutshweza, zokutshweza kunye pickaxes.

Enye yeemfihlelo ezinkulu kukuba amaYiputa ngaloo xesha ahambisa ezi zikhulu zamatye amakhulu. Ngokwesiseko sefresco enye, izazinzulu zenze ukuba iibhloko ezininzi zatsalwa. Ngoko, emfanekisweni owaziwayo abantu abayi-172 badonsa kwi-sleigh umfanekiso wesharahara. Ngelo xesha, izilingi zihlala zityiliswa ngamanzi, ezenza umsebenzi wokugcoba. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ubunzima belo mfanekiso kwakuyi-khilomitha ezingama-60. Ngaloo ndlela, ityitye lelitye elinesiqingatha sesi-2 nesiqingatha seetoni sinokuhambisa abasebenzi abathandathu kuphela. Ukuhamba kwempahla ngale ndlela, ngokwemiqathango jikelele, kwakuqhelekileyo kwiYiputa yamandulo.

Indlela yokuqhayisa ibhloko iyaziwa. Indlela ekhethekileyo yolu hlobo ngendlela yokulala yayifunyenwe ngexesha lokucandwa kweengcwele zaseYiputa. Kwindlela yokulinga, kwafunyanwa ukuba abasebenzi abangama-18 bafuneka ukuhambisa ibhloko yamatye ngendlela efanayo kwi-2.5 toni. Ngelo xesha, isantya sazo sasingu-18 emitha ngomzuzu.

Kwakhona, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba amaYiputa asebenzisa iteknoloji yesondo lesikwere.