Umhlaba asidi: iimpawu. Indlela ukujongana kumhlaba asidi?

Le asidi umhlaba uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubukho lweziqalelo kwealkali. Ngokuxhomekeka kule parameter, umhlaba unokuba kweentlobo ezintathu. Bucala umhlaba asidi, ialakalin cala. Nangona amanye amalungu zobukumkani izityalo ezifana nomhlaba kunye eliphezulu le isalathiso, kukho umhlaba ngaphantsi elithandayo.

index asidi

Le asidi umhlaba buchazwa impahla yayo oko kuxhomekeke lwee- ion hydrogen. Kuyinto OH ngokohlobo isisombululo pH, ngamanye kwisigaba ulwelo umhlaba ngokwawo. Ixabiso okuvakaliswa gram-ezilingana ilitha nganye.

umhlaba asidi (njengoko kumisiwe ngasentla) luphawulwa pH ngezantsi ezisixhenxe, ngamanye amazwi, inani H + ion na ion ngaphantsi kwe OH- (inani kwi cala, oko kubonakaliswa kwinani 7).

Indlela ukufumanisa ubumuncu?

Cwangcisa le parameter ekhaya kakhulu lula. Ukwenza oku kwivenkile okukhethekile ukuthenga iseti yokulinganisa ubumuncu bomhlaba, nto leyo ibandakanya umlinganiselo othile litmus. Ukongeza, kufuneka ulungiselele ekuthiwa-isicatshulwa lomhlaba (inxalenye enye umhlaba ukongeza iindawo ezintlanu amanzi). Umthamo le hood kufuneka ukuyishukumisa ngokufanelekileyo okwethutyana ndasala ndedwa ukuyithethelela. Ngoku ke kunokwenzeka ulwelo apho ibekwe ngaphezu ezike, beka uvavanyo litmus. Phezu ukunxibelelana engamanzi, itshintsha umbala wayo, nezithelekiswa template.

umhlaba asidi, iimpawu ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku, luphawulwa iqhekeza lulandelayo Imibala iphepha: eluhlaza, nemisonto emsi-eluhlaza kunye nezuba.

Zeziphi izityalo ibonisa umhlaba asidi?

umhlaba asidi (ukuba ukuchaza ngayo ekhaya, ngasentla) bathandiweyo izityalo ezininzi, nangona yokuba ubukho balo egadini okanye kwiyadi inokubangela ezininzi iingxaki.

Izityalo ezihlala kuphela kwimihlaba ezinjalo kuthiwa acidophilia. Ukwazi oko zengca zasendle kanye umhlaba onjalo, ukujonga ubumuncu kunokuba ngaphandle zokwenza uvavanyo imichiza. Kwimihlaba enjalo aphela rhoqo ukukhula:

• horsetail;
• nangwevu amancinci;
• moss;
• buttercup abuhlungu;
• aluhlaza;
• nangwevu;
• ku kancinci kwimihlaba emuncu inokufumaneka noHeather, yefeni kunye cornflowers.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele uthathe ingqalelo yokuba izityalo ezininzi abayikhathalelanga ukuhla ezincinane salathisi, ukuba uyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa izinto edaphic (a iseti iipropati chemical zomhlaba kunye neempawu zayo emzimbeni). Ngoko ke, ngokuba iziphumo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kucetyiswa ukufumanisa isixa izinto kwealkali emhlabeni esebenzisa test litmus.

Ukuba sithethe malunga negadi izityalo, umhlaba asidi (imiqondiso kulula kakhulu ukuba ukukhumbula) akukho kusenokwenzeka ukuba ndibhenele nayiphi na abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Mhlawumbi ezinye zazo zihluma kwi pH kufutshane cala, ezifana quince, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo apile, rasberries kunye ubobo, kwakunye neetamati, nangwevu, itswele, iitapile kunye amathanga. Ukwazi Imiqondiso yokuba umhlaba asidi egadini ukuphucula imeko umhlaba, ilula. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa lokuvela kwezinto ezithile. Abameli flora iintyatyambo umhlaba asidi (iindlela zokujongana nayo, ungabona ukusuka inqaku) irises ezifanelekileyo, delphiniums, amanye iinyibiba, izityalo coniferous yaye uninzi roses.

Ezinye iindlela bangabonwa

Ukukunceda ekumiseleni ubumuncu sisixhobo okhethekileyo Alyamovsky. Le isethi eyodwa wezenzi, injongo ephambili yale nto leyo ukuqhuba uhlalutyo lomhlaba nencindi (sothelekiso zivela izicatshulwa ezimbini: ityuwa namanzi). Kwakhona, oko kuquka sisalathisi isisombululo potassium chloride, le tyhubhu neesampula. Uhlalutyo ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziswa apho litmus strip.

Kukho kwakhona isixhobo ilungiselelwe ukujonga ubumuncu bomhlaba, lo gama ekuzalisekiseni imisebenzi ezininzi:

• nokuzimisela asidi;
• ukufuma;
• ubushushu;
• kukhanyise emhlabeni.

Kukho iindlela zemveli. Umzekelo, usebenzisa currant igqabi okanye cherry. Kufuneka ukuba eyayivutyelwa ngamanzi abilayo, ngoko cool. Okulandelayo, faka isixa esithile yomhlaba. Umbala kulwelo aqingqa asidi zomhlaba. Ukuba amanzi umbala walo obomvu, umhlaba asidi.

njani asidi zomhlaba ezityalweni?

Ngokuba inani elikhulu asidi lomhlaba yezityalo - i parameter ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo ukhetho izityalo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kukwaphula mveliso, kwakunye nenkqubo yokufunda izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba Kwiimeko elingatshintshwanga wayibeka phezu kwimihlaba emuncu, kusongela nitrogen yindlala, ingakumbi xa imozulu embi, ingakumbi ngexesha lemvula kunye lobushushu uvikivwa. A uzibonakalisa oku kuthathwa chlorosis ngamagqabi, eqala lokunciphisa izityalo kunye emithanjeni, uze emva koko uyaqhubeka esikule ezingqongileyo. Mazingabhidaniswa kunye nokuguga yesiqhelo, khumbula iqalisa yokugqibela kunye umcu phakathi yegazi kunye imithambo ngokwabo ixesha elithile siluhlaza.

Ukongezelela, umhlaba asidi (amila kuyo, ngasentla) luphawulwa inguqu ye-aluminiyam nentsimbi iityuwa, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekubeni acid phosphoric izityalo nje kuphela. izixa High ezi neetyuwa emhlabeni kungabangela ukuba calcium, potassium, iphosphate, magnesium molybdenum ngenkankulu ukungena kulo esiqwini sesityalo, kwaye kunceda ekunciphiseni isivuno. Phototoxicity inzuzo kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nobhedu, izinc ne boron. Izityalo ukuba akukho naphaya ukukhula kwimihlaba emuncu aphuhliswe kakuhle, ingcambu eyayizalwa limisiwe, ukufakwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izondlo kubi kakhulu, imiqondiso yokuba umhlaba asidi kwindawo ukungqina oko.

Ukongezelela, umhlaba olo abe kumgxobhozo, kwaye uphantsi-pH, kokukhona ukuba nokwenzeka zokuxinana kwamanzi.

Umhlaba asidi: indlela ukujongana ngoncedo izichumisi?

Enye indlela, nto leyo evumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa ubumuncu komhlaba - kwisichumiso. Ukuze ezi njongo ziqhele ukuthatha potassium sulfate okanye ammonium chloride kunye potassium ofanelekileyo, sodium okanye calcium Nitrate okanye superphosphate. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusungulwa ngqo ezi ntlobo zezityalo isichumiso ezikhulayo kwimihlaba emuncu, ezi anions ngaphezu ukuse-. Ngexesha le iyatshi- HIV kuhlala emhlabeni, nto leyo ekhokelela alkalization yayo.

Ukusebenzisa ezi izichumisi kwizithuba ecacileyo, singaqinisekisa ukuba pH umhlaba eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zivakalise ukuba umhlaba asidi, mandenze ntoni entwasahlobo? Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isixhobo into yonke. Kufanelekile kakhulu ukuba naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba (ukuba akuqinisekanga ukuba igadi yakho Umhlaba asidi, iimpawu ezo zichazwe ngasentla). Le urea. Kwimeko hyperacidity thile alkalisation komhlaba ngendlela eyiyo kunye nayo.

Kodwa ammonium nitrate kubhetele ukuba usebenzise kuba ungafumana nomkhwezeli.

Ukusebenzisa kwekalika

Indlela eqhelekileyo yokulwa ubumuncu komhlaba nangoku chalking. Oku kungenxa yokuba lime uyakwazi ukuba bathabath 'hydrogen, aluminium lamanqanaba kumhlaba otyebileyo, zokubatshintsha ngabanye magnesium calcium. Lo mzobo pH esezantsi, kokukhona umhlaba kufuneka ikalika.

Le nkqubo iquka ukwenza yelimestone komhlaba (dolomite kube lula indawo) ukuya kubunzulu engekho ngaphezu kwe-20 cm. Emva koko, umhlaba ngokugqithiseleyo ugalele amanzi. Ubuninzi kwekalika kufuneka ube neminyaka malunga kanye 5 (kwezinye iimeko, into enokwenziwa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi rhoqo, kuxhomekeka kwixabiso acid). Inani elikhulu kwekalika isicelo zifuna imihlaba nodongwe, uphantsi - entlabathini.

Izinto eziluncedo yale nkqubo zisekuhleni:

• neutralization asidi lomhlaba kukhokelela kuphuhliso ezincinane ezihlala emhlabeni kunye abanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ukuyilwa kwezondlo zezityalo ezininzi, ezifana nitrogen okanye phosphorus;
• iikhompawundi of yemanganizi lealuminium uye uhlobo yayo sebenzi, apho imiphumo enetyhefu ezi zinto kwi izityalo yehliswe kakhulu;
• ukufunxeka potassium, iphosphate kunye molybdenum iyasebenza;
• It kwandisa ukusebenza ukuqaliswa kwezinye izichumisi, ezifana ngumgquba.

Kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-lwelimestone okanye dolomite efunekayo kwezichumiso, ezo ahlanganiswe boron njengoko iikhompawundi ibhoroni kunye manganese aphulukane ukuhamba kwazo.

Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo ukuthoba ubumuncu

umhlaba asidi, iimpawu ezo zichazwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku ukuphucula, ukuba ubeke phezu kwakhe umgquba oluhlaza zezityalo. Bona bayakwazi ekukhuliseni pH.

Izityalo ziquka:

• rye;
• oats;
• Abamele legumes;
• ilupini;
• Phacelia.

Ukuze siphumelele, le ndlela lokudala kufuneka kwenziwe izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka kangangeminyaka eliqela elandelelanayo.

Le ndlela iphephile, ekubeni ngaba kakubi naziphi na iintsholongwane ezihlala nzulu kumhlaba kwaye uphethwe eninzi calcium kunye lime, okanye izityalo, oya kubakho kule ndawo ukuze zikhule okanye komhlaba.

Ezinye neendlela zokuphucula imihlaba emuncu

amalungiselelo calcium aqulethe nani othile akwazi ukuphucula umgangatho womhlaba, ukuba uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba umhlaba kwindawo asidi (into omawuyenze entwasahlobo, lungafumaneka kweli nqaku). Ezi zixhobo ziquka:

• kwamaqondo eparticulate wokulinganisa (kufuneka ukusilwa, ohluzwe, uze udibanise emhlabeni ngomlinganiselo 300 g yekalika nganye-1 m ² lomhlaba phantsi komqathango asidi onamandla);
• nja- ash (isixa eli chiza kufuneka ngetshokhwe kakhulu ngaphezulu);
• iinkuni ash (efanelekileyo intlabathi, obambe ezinentlabathi nemihlaba afanayo).

Indlela yokufumana umhlaba asidi

Kwezinye iimeko, phambi kokuba umlimi ukuba ngumbuzo not about yokunciphisa ubumuncu umhlaba, kunye, icala, indlela yokukhulisa kulo. Oku kungenxa yokuba izityalo ezithile imifuno benza kakuhle ngezizathu ezinjalo. Kuba oku sebenzisa njenge sichumisi umgquba engumgxobhozo, onako ukunciphisa kakhulu izinga pH.

Nokuba iingxaki ezithile asidi womhlaba okwangoku, hlale khangela yayo kwakusafuneka. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze athathe amanyathelo ngexesha ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba. Ukwazi Imiqondiso yokuba umhlaba asidi egadini kunye umyezo, eyenza kube lula kakhulu.