Umthetho Hooke kaThixo

Abaninzi kuthi wazibuza siziphathe ngayo izinto ngokumangalisayo xa zidibene?

Ngokomzekelo, kutheni ilaphu, ukuba alolulele kuzo zonke iindlela, Ungatsala kwi ixesha elide, kwaye ngaxa lithile kuyaphula ngequbuliso? Yaye kutheni olu lingelo efanayo kunzima kakhulu ukuba uzenze kunye ipensile? Ntoni na ukungawi izinto kuxhomekeke? Indlela ukujonga ubungakanani yena efanele deformation okanye kukunaba?

Zonke ezi zinto kunye ezininzi mibuzo neminye ngaphezu kweminyaka 300 eyadlulayo wabuza ngokwam ngumphandi yaseBritani uRobert Guk. Kwaye ndafumana iimpendulo, ngoku simanyene phantsi igama eliqhelekileyo "Umthetho Hooke kaThixo".

Ngokutsho uphando kwakhe, izinto ngamnye ebizwa ngokuba yi-spring njalo. Lo mhlaba, nto leyo evumela umbandela ukuba kolulwa ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. ukungavumelani kwe okubuyela kwimo - a rhoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ngamnye angayigcina kuphela kwinqanaba elithile ukuxhathisa, emva apho ifikelela kwizinga deformation ngokusisigxina.

Ngokubanzi, uMthetho Hooke kaThixo kulubonakalisa yi ifomula:

F = k / x /;

apho F - amandla ilastiki, k - le modulus ilastiki sele sitshilo, kunye / x / - utshintsho ubude eziphathekayo. Oko kuthethwa utshintsho kwesi salathisi? Phantsi yempembelelo amandla ukufunda izifundo, ingaba umtya, irabha okanye naluphi na olunye utshintsho, yade okanye lincipha. Ngokuguqula ubude kulo mzekelo ngumahluko phakathi yokuqala neyokugqibela ubude into efundwayo. Oko kukuthi, wolula kangakanani / lunciphe entwasahlobo (irabha, umtya, njalo njalo)

Ngenxa yoko, ukwazi ubude kunye entwasahlobo lomlingani rhoqo kwakhe izinto elinikiweyo, oko kungenzeka ukufumana i-mandla apho umbandela angasolula, amandla elastic okanye ezifana nangoku ekuthethwa uMthetho Hooke kaThixo.

Kukho iimeko ezizodwa apho umthetho ifomu yalo eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo ukuba. Sithetha umlinganiselo amandla deformation kwiimeko shear, oko kukuthi, kwiimeko apho deformation uvelisa amandla ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo izinto kwi-engile. UMthetho uchebe Hooke kaThixo lungabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

τ = wulwe,

apho τ - amandla efunekayo, G- lomlingani rhoqo, eyaziwa ngokuba modulus uchebe, y - uchebe engile sisixa ngayo engile utshintshile into.

Linear amandla elastic (uMthetho Hooke kaThixo) usebenza kuphela ucinezelo encinane kunye nokwandisa. Ukuba amandla iyaqhubeka ukuba nempembelelo into ngaye, ngoko kuza ngongoma xa ithe umgangatho walo ilastiki, ukuba ufikelela esiphelweni of luthambe. Ngaphandle amandla lingaphaya amandla yokunganyangeki. Nngokobuchwepheshe, le nto ingabonwa kuphela nje utshintsho kwi ebonakalayo Ipharamitha eziphathekayo, kodwa njengoko ukuhla ukuqina kwayo. Umkhosi kufuneka ukutshintsha umbandela, ngoku lancitshiswa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuguqulwa iimpawu into, oko kukuthi, umzimba akusekho unako ukuxhathisa. sibona kubomi bemihla ngemihla, oko iqwengiwe, ezaphukileyo, ikhefu, njl Akunjalo, Kakade ke, isidima yolwaphulo- mthetho, kodwa umgangatho ngexesha elifanayo enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu. Kwaye ke inani luthambe umbandela okanye nje emzimbeni imilo undistorted, liyayeka ukuba zibalulekile kwi uhlobo lothando.

Le meko yenza kube lula ukuthi inkqubo yomgama (ubudlelwane umlinganiselo ngqo elinye parameter evela kwenye), iye yaba non-linear, xa ulwalamano elahlekile Useto, kwaye utshintsho lwenzeka kwi umgaqo eyahlukileyo.

Ngokwesiseko le ngqwalasela Tomas Yung wadala modulus formula luthambe, ogama kamva emva kwakhe kwaye iye yaba isiseko kulwenziwo kwengcamango luthambe. modulus of luthambe ivumela ukuba siqwalasele deformation xa utshintsho elastic zinkulu. Umthetho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

E = σ / η,

apho σ - amandla isicelo ukuya kwindawo cross-wecandelo umzimba phantsi isifundo, η - zobude modulus okanye iqumrhu ucinezelo, E - modulus elastic ukuchaza iqondo ndisolulela okanye ucinezelo umzimba phantsi kwempembelelo ntshikilelo ngoomatshini.