Ntoni ingqikelelo "karhulumente yezentlalo"? Kakuhle eli karhulumente ntle

Namhlanje Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu oko kuthethwa "ngurhulumente ekuhlaleni". Siphila kwixesha apho ukuphunyezwa nemigaqo yawo kuphela kodwa kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke yintoni na imeko-ntle? Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

ingcamango "karhulumente yezentlalo" isimiso (iimpawu), nto leyo ebhekisela nenqanaba ngokomGaqo-siseko kunye nomthetho. Ubonisa ukuba siseko uqinisekisa namalungelo ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho zoluntu nenkululeko, kwakunye noxanduva ahambelanayo, leyo kuthatha ngaphezu. karhulumente ntle - umbuso kufuneka ukukhonza uluntu, ukuba sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuba umahluko nentlalo kuncitshiswa okanye lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ingaba Russia lubeke ekuhlaleni?

I-siseko Russian anike impendulo positive lo mbuzo. Uyatsho ukuba ilizwe lethu state social. Nembono "karhulumente yezentlalo" kuthetha ukuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo ijolise ekudaleni imeko-bume apho uphuhliso mahala ubomi bomntu kwaye enesidima nganye iya kunikwa. Ngenxa yoko, i-Russian Federation lizinikele kulo.

Elifakwe kumGaqo-siseko imisebenzi karhulumente

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda isigama "karhulumente yezentlalo" kwaye umongo wayo, sicebisa ukuba ziziqhelanise kunye nezibophelelo zawo ebekwe phantsi kwi siseko Russian. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

- ukukhusela impilo kunye lamandla oluntu;

- ukuseka mvuzo isezantsi iqinisekiswe;

- ukuqinisekisa ukuba usapho, ubuntwana, ubuzali, abantu abadala kunye nenkxaso karhulumente abakhubazekileyo;

- ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ekhoyo kweenkonzo zentlalo;

- kubemi ukuseka iinzuzo, inkamnkam karhulumente kunye nezinye iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko loluntu.

Uhlobo Injongo uhlobo loluntu karhulumente

Dibanisa zonke izizwe, iintlanga, amaqela asekuhlaleni, umanyaniswe ingqiqo ethile 'uluntu "Lowo ngumongo uhlobo loluntu karhulumente. karhulumente ntle - lilizwe kujongwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomdla woluntu luphela. Yakhelwe phezu ukuqaphela iimfuno ezisemthethweni, inkululeko kunye namalungelo oluntu, ethathwa njengokuba yeyona nto.

karhulumente ntle - a umbutho wezopolitiko emele i-Institute ejoliswe lombutho woluntu luphela, efanele bonke lungakhuseleki ubomi inkululeko, amalungelo kunye nomdla wabantu bonke abemi. Kuyinto into yokusombulula ungquzulwano kunye neembambano zombini ngaphakathi kwilizwe nangaphandle kuyo. Oku oko kuthethwa "ngurhulumente ekuhlaleni".

It eduze kunye neziko komthetho. Kuphela ulawulo lomthetho, oko kukuthi, enye apho sele ziphuhlisiwe iindlela ulawulo lomthetho, kunokuba kwezentlalo. Ukususela kwiminyaka yoo-90. kwimeko apho, kwelinye icala, kungokusasaza iimbono silinene, kodwa kwelinye icala - indima yentlalo karhulumente kunye nezinto ezifunekayo ezenziwe eluntwini ngokunxulumene nkqubo loluntu, ukwanda, iingcamango ezintsha baqala ukwenza ngalo uhlobo sinomdla zikarhulumente. karhulumente ntle - umbuso ngoku kubonwa njengendlela lokushenxisa ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi iinjongo zentlalo kunye nemithetho zemalike. Olu luphawu ebaluleke gqitha ngaye.

Ukushiywa indima paternalistic

karhulumente ntle, ngokuchaseneyo kuthiwa-"karhulumente ntle", namhlanje ithande ukuba bashiye indima paternalistic. Kujongwe, ukuphelisa uxhomekeko. karhulumente ntle - umbuso iphawulwa ngumnqweno ukudala iimeko azivumi ukuba inkampani nge kuqoqosho emarikeni, loo nto asekelwe eluntwini.

periodization kuphuhliso

Kwaqala 90 ephakathi. kwilizwe lethu ixesha ekunokuthiwa nenqanaba ngurhulumente ntle melo. Kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo yokugqibela:

- Socialist (s 70 kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwele-30 engama-20);

- karhulumente zomthetho zentlalo (ukusuka 30 ukuya ekupheleni kuka-40 zenkulungwane yama-20);

- imeko iinkonzo zentlalo (ekupheleni 40 - 60s zenkulungwane yokugqibela);

- karhulumente ntle (50 ubudala - 80s phakathi);

- isigaba sayo yonke le ntlekele nokutshatyalaliswa kukarhulumente ntle (80 - 90 ephakathi);

- urhulumente ntle silinene (ukusuka kwiminyaka yee-1990 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku).

Iimpawu yombuso ntle

Senziwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 abanomdla ekumiseleni iingqiqo eziqulathe, kuba zonke zibonakala ngeentlobo zazo, iseti elincinci iimpawu gqolo thina. Eyokuqala kwezi iyafumaneka kuwo onke amalungu oluntu inkxaso kwezentlalo karhulumente. Okwesibini - nohlobo yomthetho nkqubo mali karhulumente, ilungelo lazo lokulawula nokulawula iinkqubo zentlalo. Xa umsebenzi ofanayo esemthethweni nje ukuba ukulawula zentlalo iinkqubo, kodwa ukuxhobisa amalungelo zentlalo abemi. Urhulumente unoxanduva uluntu. Lo msebenzi rhoqo lesithathu - ubukho izibonelelo zentlalo mali. Okwesine - ubukho inkqubo yengqesho karhulumente, ukhuseleko lwentlalo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Okwesihlanu - ukuvunywa kwigalelo lalo ngenxa inqanaba ntle yabemi. karhulumente ntle - imeko apho zonke ezi mpawu akhoyo.

nkqubo yezentlalo

nkqubo Social - le yenye izixhobo esingundoqo esisetyenziswe ukuphunyezwa karhulumente kwezentlalo. Ukuzalana yokugqibela kunye nayo ikakhulu kubonakaliswa kuyo uyiphumeza njani ngokunzulu yaye ngokupheleleyo umgaqo-nkqubo loluntu, kuquka indlela libonisa wemidla kunye neemfuno zabemi balo. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ntle - kuxa imigaqo-nkqubo yomthetho lwentlalo.

indlela yalo ukuba kuzuzwe iziphumo kunye neenjongo ezinxulumene yokuphucula impilo-ntle ekuhlaleni kwaye eziphathekayo abemi, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu kunye nempumelelo lwemo kuzinzo lwentlalo nezopolitiko, nokuthintela ukuvela ezipokothweni zawo nengxabano lwentlalo.

imisebenzi

Ngoko ke, siye wawuphendula lo mbuzo: "?" "Ntoni ingqikelelo" karhulumente lwentlalo. Ngoku Khawucinge imisebenzi iye. Ethetha ngazo, kufuneka ucinge kwezi meko zilandelayo:

- ntle karhulumente zonke iinkalo ukuba zemveli ngenjongo yokuba imele ezobuRhulumente;

- akumiselweyo ngomxholo ixabiso layo jikelele zentlalo, ngoko postulates, i yemveli, refracted ngalo bemilo iinjongo kunye neenjongo zikarhulumente ntle;

- bungabonakala njengenxenye umsebenzi yentlalo kunye neendlela ezithile ngqo apho umsebenzi ukwenzeka urhulumente ntle.

Ingakumbi, le yokugqibela kuquka:

- impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu;

- amaqela enkxaso abantu abasokolayo ngokwentlalo;

- inkxaso ubuzali, usapho kunye nabantwana;

- smoothing ngokusebenzisa ingeniso ngokutsha ukungalingani kwezentlalo;

- ukukhuthaza sa et al.

lobukhulu "Human"

Nje kuphela inkqubo kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kuphela, kodwa yokuziphatha ukuyilwa karhulumente kwezentlalo. Ifuna imilinganiso "abantu". Imiqondiso state:

- umbutho lwentando kweenkqubo amandla;

- imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha yabantu, kunye namagosa - ikakhulu;

- ukubanga enamandla kwezoqoqosho, evumela ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo ejolise nokunikezelwa kwengeniso, kwangaxeshanye ayithethi kakhulu impumezo indawo yabanini;

- orientation zentlalo-nkqubo karhulumente, esizibonakalisa kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo phambili ukuphunyezwa zabo kunye nabanye.

Imiqobo emi ngendlela karhulumente yezentlalo eRashiya

1. Ilizwe lethu alikafiki wafumana inkxaso eyoneleyo umthetho, yaye eRashiya urhulumente loluntu ungenakuxhomekeka phezu kwesiseko yayo. We qamba ayikho, njengokuba i-West, esitsha kwisigaba, nto leyo ethatha indawo kulawulo yayo yophuhliso yomthetho.

2. "maleko phakathi 'Russian wabanini nangoku wamiswa. Ukususela impahla iqela-zikarhulumente kubantu babucala ngokuzenzekelayo, phantse akukho waya uninzi labantu kwilizwe lethu.

3. Ngo-Russia, akukho amandla ezoqoqosho ezifunekayo ukuphumeza amanyathelo ejolise nokunikezelwa kwengeniso, ngoxa singafaki nto kakhulu ukuzimela kunye nenkululeko zabanini.

4. Xa ilizwe lethu nangoku neengcambu bodwa iintlobo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo yentengiso kunye nemveliso. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni akukho lukhuphiswano lokwenene.

5 Kwakhona akukho aqolileyo, kuphuhliswa uluntu ekuhlaleni.

6. Inqanaba kuluntu Russian, ukuziphatha lifinyele, phantse baphulukana ukhokelo lokomoya ukulingana nobulungisa. Ngoncedo abezopolitiko "oqeqeshiweyo" kunye ideologues, kunye namajelo exelwe ezingqondweni kawonke ingcamango yingozi ukuba ezoqoqosho kunye nepolitiki awahambisani kunye nokuziphatha.

7. Amaqela ezopolitiko ezikhoyo eRashiya, kukho iinkqubo ezicacileyo zentlalo abanalo.

8. Xa inkqubo inkululeko evela ungenelelo karhulumente kuluntu Russian kuncitshiswa indima zentlalo imo inertia. Oko kukuthi, uluntu iwile kwezinye kakhulu, kwaye ummi iye yahlala kunye nakumandla eemarike kuphela.

9. Xa uluntu ngokwenene, akukho njongo ecacileyo, akukho iipateni lungiselelo ephilileyo eqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.

Nangona le mingeni, indlela kuphela zophuhliso kwilizwe lethu yoluntu olukhululekileyo kanye imeko yophuhliso lwentlalo. Oku siphathelele kuphela eRashiya, kodwa onke amanye amazwe.

Ngoko ke, ufundile ukuba intsingiselo 'karhulumente ekuhlaleni ". Esi sihloko kuyathethwa ngayo ekufundeni izifundo ezifana kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko kileyo. Emva kokunikezelwa kwalo iimviwo kwizifundo zentlalo kufuneka sinengcamango yokuba yintoni imeko-ntle. Lo mba ufanele ukuba kuhle wonke ummi.