Umoya Formula koxinzelelo, umphunga, ezingamanzi okanye eziqinileyo. Indlela yokufumana uxinzelelo (formula)?

Ingcinezelo - yinto ubuninzi emzimbeni edlala indima ekhethekileyo kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu. Le iliso phenomenon elithembekileyo neliyingqondi kuchaphazela kuphela okusingqongileyo, kodwa wakubona kakuhle kakhulu ngabo bonke. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na, yintoni iintlobo kuyo zikhona nendlela yokufumana uxinzelelo (formula) kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Into ebizwa xi physics kanye chemistry

Eli gama kuthiwa nezilishumi ebalulekileyo thermodynamic leyo ichazwe kwi ratio ezinikezelwa amandla xi nkqo ukuya kobuso apho izenzo. Esi simo sizimele kubungakanani kwenkqubo esebenza kuwo, kodwa libhekisela ngamandla.

Xa imo lizama, ngomyalelo Pascal kaThixo, xi efanayo kuzo zonke iindawo zale nkqubo.

Physics uphawu kunye chemistry iboniswe unobumba "P," nto leyo segama kwigama lesiLatini elithi - pressūra.

Ukuba kukho uxinzelelo ulwelo osmotic (kuvuselele va xi ngaphakathi nangaphandle iiseli) ngokusebenzisa ileta "P".

units uxinzelelo

Ngokutsho imilinganiselo kwenkqubo International SI, ingqalelo into emzimbeni ulinganiswa Pascals (Cyrillic - Pa, isiLatini - Ra).

Ngokusekelwe yengcinezelo olungumgubo lweentsana ifunyenwe into elingana omnye komnye H Pa (Newton - unit of amandla) bahlulwe imitha square (yokulinganisa unit indawo).

Noko ke, xa kusenziwa isicelo Pascali kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba lo yunithi incinci kakhulu. Kulo mba, ukongeza SI inkqubo kwemigangatho, eli xabiso nga kuthelekiswa ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Apha ngezantsi kukho eyona idumileyo analogs yayo. Abaninzi kubo ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa USSR.

• NeeBhari. bar Enye ilingana 105 Pa.
• Torre, okanye omise lesigidi. Phantse omnye Torr ingqamana 133, 3.223.684 Pa.
• Omise lomxholo amanzi.
• Eziimitha column amanzi.
• umoya Technical.
• umoya Physical. ibha enye ilingana 101.325 Pa kunye 1,033233 atm.
• Kilogram-amandla sentimitha square kilometre. Kwakhona wabalaselisa ton-amandla kunye gf. Ukongeza, kukho analog imina-amandla nge-intshi square.

Ifomula xi iyonke (grade 7 physics)

Ukususela inkcazelo ubuninzi esemzimbeni ukucacisa indlela yayo indawo. Kubonakala kunjalo, njengoko photo ngezantsi.

It F - ungamandla kunye S - ndawo. Ngamanye amazwi, uxinzelelo lokufumana olungumgubo - ngamandla wayo bahlulwe kobuso apho izenzo.

Kananjalo angabhalwa ngolu hlobo: F = mg / S okanye P = pVg / S. Ngoko ke, oku ubuninzi emzimbeni ezinxulumene kunye nezinye izinto thermodynamic: umthamo kunye nobunzima.

Ingcinezelo izenzo simiso esilandelayo: i ezincinane isithuba, oluphazanyiswa force - amandla kwingcinezelo ngakumbi okubangela. Ukuba lo mmandla banda (kuba amandla efanayo) - ixabiso olifunayo kunciphisa.

Formula xi hydrostatic

ithi ezahlukeneyo leempawu izinto, ukulungiselela ukuba iipropati bomntwana. Ngako oko, iindlela zokwenza isigqibo R kubo, kakhulu, uya kuba ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, formula uxinzelelo lwamanzi (hydrostatic) sijongeka njengoku: P = pgh. Kwakhona usebenza igesi. Ngaloo ndlela ke ayikwazi ukuba kusetyenziswa ukubala i womoya ngenxa umahluko ubude kunye nomoya mninzi.

Kule formula, p - lexinene, g - free ukuwa ukukhawulezisa, kunye h - ukuphakama. Ngako oko, isihloko nzulu shi okanye into, phezulu uxinzelelo bafakela ngaphakathi engamanzi (irhasi).

ngobuwena kubhekwe kwingcamango umzekelo wezinto P = F / S.

Xa sikhumbula ukuba yemvelaphi loo mandla alinganayo ubunzima ukuwa ngesantya mahala (F = mg), yaye ingqimba engamanzi - yemvelaphi umthamo ingxinano (m = PV), uxinzelelo kwifomula angabhalwa P = pVg / S. Umthamo - kuba Square liphindaphindwe ukuphakama (V = Sh).

Ukuba ufaka i data, kuvela ukuba indawo kwinani elingezantsi kunye nenani ingacuthwa kwaye imveliso - ifomula ngasentla: P = pgh.

Ukuqwalasela lo xi ulwelo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, ngokungafaniyo okuqinileyo, abo ugobile umaleko kumphezulu rhoqo. Oku, ikhuthaza ukuyilwa uxinzelelo.

Ngokuba ezi meko ukufaka uxinzelelo nezinye ifomula: P = P ₀ + 2QH. Kulo mzekelo, P ₀ - ingcinezelo akukho maleko egosogoso kunye Q - umphezulu ukuqina engamanzi. N - ke umphezulu ugobile koko, echazwe nguMthetho Laplace: n = ½ (1 / R ₁ + 1 / R _2). R wabavoti woluntu _{1 R-2} - yeyona radii iphambili esime.

Uxinzelelo buso kunye ifomula wayo

Nangona inkqubo P = pgh kusebenza ulwelo kunye neegesi, uxinzelelo kwi yokugqibela kubhetele ukuba ukubala ngendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.

Inyaniso yokuba kwindalo, njengokuba umthetho, hayi rhoqo wafumana izinto ngokupheleleyo nyulu, kuba esilawulwa umxube. Kwaye oku kusebenza nolwelo kuphela kodwa iigesi. Kwaye njengoko eyaziwayo, ngalinye kula macandelo lenza uxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo, ebizwa buso.

Chaza oko kakhulu nje. Yeyona udibaniso uxinzelelo kwicandelo ngalinye umxube (irhasi efanelekileyo).

Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo kwenxenye kwifomula limi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P _3, ... njalo, ngokwenani sineendidi.

Kukho iimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukumisela uxinzelelo lomoya. Noko ke, abanye impazamo ikhutshwa phandle yokubala kuphela ioksijini ngokutsho scheme P = pgh. Yiloo nje emoyeni - umxube wegesi ezahlukeneyo. It nazo nitrogen, argon, ioksijini kunye nezinye izinto. Xa kujongwa imeko yangoku, ifomula uxinzelelo lomoya - idibanisa nengcinezelo kwanangamacandelo alo. Ngoko ke, ukuba lo NCEDA P ngasentla = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ ...

Izixhobo zixhaphakileyo uxinzelelo yokulinganisa

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingqalelo abale izixa thermodynamic kwifomula ngasentla Akukho nzima ukwenza ekubaleni ngamanye amaxesha bamane nje ixesha. Ngapha koko, kufuneka usoloko uthathe ingqalelo bokuqonda ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuze kube lula amakhulu ambalwa, iye livelise iqela izixhobo, nto leyo endaweni zabantu.

Enyanisweni, phantse zonke iingcinga olu hlobo i ntlobo yepresha (kunceda ukumisela uxinzelelo bayo kunye ulwelo). Noko ke, zahluke kuyilo, ukuchaneka scope.

• womoya ilinganiselwa usebenzisa igeyiji yoxinzelelo, ngokuba Barometer. Ukuba ufuna ukukhangela zidle (oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo negative) - wasebenzisa enye emoyeni wakhe iintlobo.
• Ukuze ukwazi uxinzelelo lwegazi komntu kule khosi sphygmomanometer. Uninzi nto yaziwa kakhulu njenge tonometer ayiphazamisi. izixhobo ezinjalo kukho iintlobo ezininzi ukusuka mercury ngoomatshini ukuya oluzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo yedijithali. Ukuchaneka lwabo luxhomekeke izinto ukusuka apho kwenziwa kunye nesayithi womlinganiselo.
• amathontsi xi kokusingqongileyo (in IsiNgesi - uxinzelelo drop) sizimisele usebenzisa uxinzelelo umahluko okanye difnamometrov (hayi mazingabhidaniswa dynamometers).

iintlobo kuxinzelelo

Ukuqwalasela ifomula xi indawo yayo kwaye iinguqulelo zayo izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi malunga iintlobo abangaka lilodwa. Abahlanu kubo.

• Absolute.
• womoya
• Kakhulu.
• Zidle.
• Umehluko.

ndawo ingundoqo

Ngoko ke uxinzelelo iyonke phantsi apho impahla okanye into, ngaphandle impembelelo namanye amacandelo sukube yeegesi.

Oku ulinganiswa Pascals yaye uzibonakalisa kunye nemali xi kwemfuneko womoya. Naye umahluko phakathi womoya kunye ongenawo Iintlobo.

Oku ibalwa kwifomula P = P ₂ + P ₃ okanye P = _P-2 - P _4.

I-reference indawo yoxinzelelo ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko abaphuma kwiplanethi enguMhlaba, uxinzelelo esithathwe ngaphakathi isikhongozeli, umoya isusiwe apho (ngamanye Sivula sakudala).

Kuphela lolu hlobo xi kusetyenziswa kuninzi iifomyula thermodynamic.

womoya

Eli binzana ibizwa ngokuba womoya (nokundileka) kuzo zonke izinto kunye nezinto ekuwo, kuquka phezu komhlaba ngqo. Uninzi akwabizwa phantsi igama womoya.

It ibhekiswe thermodynamic parameters, kunye nexabiso layo laguquka indawo kunye nexesha yomlinganiselo, kwakunye neemeko zemozulu kunye nendawo ngaphezu / ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle.

Ubukhulu xi womoya ngamandla modulo emoyeni per unit kwindawo eqhelekileyo kuyo.

Xa umoya ubukhulu nokuzinzileyo isenzeko enyama ubunzima yeentsika lezomoya isiseko kunye kwindawo elingana umanyano.

KwiSithethe xi womoya uyancipha - 101325 Pa (760 mm HG 0 ° C ..). Uphakamile isifundo kubonakala phezu kobuso bomhlaba, kokukhona iba a xi eliphantsi lomoya therethrough. Emva zonke km 8 kokuba lancitshiswa 100 Pa.

Ngenxa kule propati ezintabeni yamanzi iketile wanqwala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu esitovini ekhaya. Isibakala sokuba xi kuchaphazela abilayo: kunye ekunciphiseni yayo yokugqibela kunciphisa. Vice versa. Oku wakha phezu kweli msebenzi propati izixhobo zasekhitshini, ezifana njenge cooker wegazi esisodwa. Ukwandisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwabo igalelo ekwakhiweni ngesitya kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunokuba nangeepani eqhelekileyo epleyitini.

Isetyenziswa yokubala womoya ze kwifomula ukuphakama womoya. Kubonakala kunjalo, njengoko photo ngezantsi.

P - lixabiso setekeni ngenxa hlengahlengiso, P ₀ - air ezinoxinano kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba, g - free ukuwa ukukhawulezisa, h - ukuphakama phezu komhlaba, m - ubunzima izinyo ze gesi, T - lobushushu kwenkqubo, r - igesi jikelele rhoqo 8,3144598 Dzh / ( x Mol K), kunye e - lelona Eyklera, 2,71828.

Ngokufuthi, kwifomula ngasentla, uxinzelelo umoya iyasetyenziswa endaweni R K - Boltzmann njalo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe phezu inani Avogadro idla oluvakaliswe rhoqo igesi yendalo iphela. Kuyinto elula ukuba izibalo, xa inani amasuntswana zinikwe zisaqala.

Xa ubalo kusoloko kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo ithuba lotshintsho kwamaqondo emoyeni ngenxa imeko yemozulu ukutshintsha, okanye kwindawo iseti Latitude.

Kakhulu kwaye odala cleaner

Umahluko phakathi xi elilinganisiweyo kunye nokusingqongileyo esesibhakabhakeni ebizwa overpressure. Kuxhomekeka yoko, ukutshintsha igama variable.

Ukuba HIV, oko kuthiwa xi.

Ukuba isiphumo uphawu thabatha - ibizwa ngokuba zidle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayikwazi ibe ngaphezu womoya.

umehluko

Eli xabiso umahluko woxinezeleko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yomlinganiselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko isetyenziselwa ukugqiba nethontsi xi kuzo naziphi na izixhobo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwishishini oyile.

Ukuba iyitshinizele nesibakala ukuba ubungakanani thermodynamic ebizwa yoxinzelelo kunye ngoncedo ezinye iifomyula ziphuma, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba le nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulwazi soze isenokubaxeka.