Ewenzayo - nokwakheka. komzimba Human kweqondo asezantsi, umfanekiso

Kwi-akhawunti umzimba womntu ngokuba ekhwankqisiwe amathambo 206, uninzi lwazo ayidluli ubungakanani besentimitha ezimbalwa cubic. Uninzi bone buhlungu ezibanzi emzimbeni - ethangeni. isakhiwo sayo ivumela ukuba sihambe ngqo kwaye angawi. Emva kokuba edolweni yifemur kanga nge lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba ukwenza lomzimba esezantsi free.

free osezantsi konyawo nokwakheka

komzimba Human alo mlenze esezantsi iquka amathambo, izihlunu, nemisipha, amalungu kunye ifascia. Oko kukuthi, ukuba dili kakhulu ndikunyibilikise ngokufezekileyo,. Kodwa eli nqaku uhambo encinane kuphela kungena isakhiwo umlenze. Ngoko ke, lo mlenze esezantsi yabantu yahlulwe ethangeni, umzantsi womlenze unyawo.

Isiseko yifemur na ithambo ethangeni. Igqumeke ngokwemaleko izihlunu, ngenxa apho umntu ahambe, eme, ukubaleka, ukudada kwakunye nokunye okuninzi. Ukusebenza kumgaqo sixhobo, abasebenza ephangweni okanye idolo. myofibrils komzimba ivumela ukuba bandise kwaye isivumelwano, ukunyenyisa iimfuno eziphilayo.

Undoqo yomlenze ephantsi - le lesiquluba kunye lesiquluba. Phakathi kwabo ukuba uqhagamshele ngokudibeneyo nokuqina inwebu izitho abadlula izitya. le zokwakha wambu ngeengcamba eziliqela phezu izihlunu leyo yemkayo ngeenyawo.

Iqatha kunye nonyawo - kube yinxalenye yomzimba nazo umthwalo rhoqo. Isahlulo elincinane ngokwentelekiso intende phezu ngokwayo yenza ubunzima umzimba uphela (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusenokuba ukuya kilograms angamakhulu amathathu). Unyawo iqulathe calcaneus, tarsal kunye amadeo, atyikitya ifascia kunye nezihlunu. Kanye kule ndawo baphiwa ngegazi, ukuze izihlunu bezisoloko kukho ioksijini.

Eyona Isakhiwo welungu idolo

Yintoni na oko kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo idolo joint zabantu? Kuba kumfundi eyunivesithi zonyango kunyaka wokuqala yenye yeyona mibuzo enzima, ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ukhumbule zonke izakhiwo ezakha joint:
- amathambo (njengesiseko);
- kwemisipha (ukusika, ukuba utshintsha indawo umzantsi womlenze);
- imizwa kunye nempahla yegazi (kondla ancedisana udlulise ulwazi yobuchopho kwimida ethile);
- meniscus (bakha kumphezulu joint);
- lungu (ukubamba amathambo);

Zonke ezi zixhobo zingentla umntu esempilweni ukusebenza ngokubambisana njengendlela elinye. Kodwa kubalulekile "yiya engalunganga" icandelo ubuncinane enye, kwaye iqinelwa ogudileyo sele aphume.

amathambo

amathambo ezinkulu welungu idolo - a femoral kunye tibial. Kodwa ngaphandle kubo kukho kwakhona ithambo encinane ajikelezayo, ebekwe ngaphandle abanye. Ibizwa ngokuba patella, okanye ivi. Kwi shaft femoral amalungiselelo ukuphakama ungqukuva - condyles ukuba isale intlala ngenxa glide ngcono. Bona phezulu welungu idolo. Inxalenye esezantsi eyenziwe yintloko caba le lesiquluba, nje layigubungela inyama cartilaginous.

Lesiquluba ayikho lide ngokwaneleyo ukuze ibe joint edolweni. Anatomy of the intloko likuvumela ukuba ilingane lesiquluba ukuze umzantsi womlenze bangakwazi rotated kancinane, musa unike zaphuka. Ebubanzini intlala equka phezu articular ifikelela ngemilimitha ezintlanu. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa amandla ukukhuhlana, kwakunye njengokuhla.

lungu cruciate

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukongeza amathambo kunye nezihlunu kukho lungu. Anatomy of ukonwabisa zabo kakhulu, njengoko ezi ngezithandelo zelaphu ubambe zonke iindawo kwezinye indlela nganye. Ukomeleza philisi edibeneyo, engontsini mathambo ngummeli wowona (iimvulophu) lungu medial kunye lateral. Phakathi imiphezulu ngokudibeneyo ephezulu nesezantsi amalungiselelo cruciate nemisipha. Topographically Uyakwazi ukwahlula ezithungwini ngaphambili nangesemva ukuphelisa flexion ngokugqithiseleyo nokwandiswa kwamadolo.

Iinyanda yimiba ebalulekileyo entlanganweni. Bathi izinze yenza ehamba liqinile kwaye ukuvumela ukuba siphephe komsipha.

Menisci and umsebenzi wabo

Ukuba ujonga umfanekiso edolweni, ukongeza ekwakhiweni ithambo uya kubona ezimbini ezincinane. Oku ashinyeneyo iimanyano zeethishu nokuqina - menisci. Bona zibekwe phakathi yifemur kunye lesiquluba.

ezimbini Eyona misebenzi iphambili yale menisci:
- ukwanda kummandla kumphezulu joint ukuba ulwabiwo olungcono ubunzima bomzimba;
- ukuphucula uzinzo welungu idolo kunye nemisipha.

Ukuze kubonelelwe yintoni indima le meniscus, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucinga ibhola phezu egudileyo tyaba. Ukuba phakathi ibhola kunye "ihewu" nto iza kwenzeka, ngoko ke liqengqiwe. Nature ilisikizi emoyeni, yaye ngaloo ndlela ke ngaphakathi welungu kufuneka kulamba. kwizicwili igcwalisa isithuba phakathi iindawo edibeneyo, ukwandisa indawo yabo ngokukhuselwa imithwalo ngokugqithisileyo. Umonakalo menisci igcwele ukudumba ukutshatyalaliswa joint kunye intlala

imisipha

Phezu phambi kasikrobana phantsi kwamadolo kwizihlunu ezidityanelweyo extensor. Enye isiphelo sabo zigxunyekwe yifemur okanye isinqe, kwaye omnye uya kungena imisipha yaye zimanyene kwi philisi ngokuhlangeneyo. Ekhaya kweli qela izihlunu - quadriceps. Xa esenza izivumelwano, unyawo flexes kwi joint.

Ngu imisipha izihlunu flexor singabonani. Kwakhona uqale ngosuku uqhwemesha nemilenze, yaye iphela philisi ndibanisela uhlobo lwe imisipha. Xa kukho ukuncitshiswa qela, umlenze uzimisele.

Luvo kanye imithambo yegazi

luvo, yegazi ngemithambo njenge ongumnatha qhina idolo ngokuhlangeneyo. Anatomy of iimpahla kule ndawo akwenzeki zahluke kakhulu ukusuka wonke umzimba. Umthambo, umfanekiso, elandelwa abapasayo ezibini kumphezulu elingasemva joint, ho krovosnabzhaya unyawo.

Ngakuye ke luvo popliteal, nto leyo iingxwaba-luvo sciatic. ngaphezu A kancinane kwamadolo yahlulahlulwe yaba iinxalenye ezimbini ngale ndlela phantsi kuli nomlenze ngonyawo. Ngenxa kuye, umlenze free osezantsi ajike innervation oluvo kunye motor.

iimvavanyo yeZiko welungu idolo

Xa kukho edolweni, traumatologist kufuneka ufumanise ngoncedo iindlela emzimbeni kunye iintsimbi ulimele kakhulu ngayo. Akwanelanga nje ukuba ukujonga entlanganweni kwedolo.

1. Uvavanyo Lachman kunye kokha uphawu. Wenziwe ebengenako ukugqiba umonakalo cruciate lungu akudala, xa umfanekiso welungu idolo. Ukuze benze oku, isigulana ibekwe emqolo wakhe owenzakeleyo umlenze igotywe edolweni degrees mathathu. Ke ugqirha oqondela inyonga ngaxeshanye ikhuthaza bembande phambili. Ukuba intshukumo kunokwenzeka, ngoko iqela yonakele.

2. Uvavanyo non-contact. Ukuba ngenxa yesizathu esithile ugqirha akufiki isigulana (umzekelo, kukho yimiqobo ngokohlobo kwidama okanye amanzi phakathi), kwaye kuqhuba isaveyi yezikolo imfuneko, le ndlela ivumela ukufumanisa ubukho yokwenzakala ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuze benze oku, isigulana engqengqe ngomqolo, ngezandla zozibini bebambe umlenze owenzakeleyo emva umlenze kufutshane joint kwedolo. Ke ixhoba izama ukukhulisa umzantsi womlenze, ngaphandle nokolula edolweni. Ukuba uyasilela kwaye lesiquluba olo isukile, umonakalo lungu apho.

3. yangasemva unokukhawuleza uvavanyo. Ukuze kuchongwe umonakalo lungu ngomva cruciate, naye akakwazi ukwenza-X-reyi welungu idolo. Le ndlela uphando olulula, ingxaki-free kunye ifumaneke ngokubanzi. Isigulane kufuneka ucelwe ukuba alale ngomqolo uze ugobe amadolo zakho kwi-engile degrees asithoba. Ukuba lesiquluba luya ngasemva, eli lungu yonakele.

izixhobo joint uphando

Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo iimviwo X-ray amathambo. Ukuba isigulane ikhalazela iintlungu kwi joint emva kokuwa, ifiva, ukudumba kunye bazigruzule, uyacebiswa ukuba utshekishe ukuba ngaba kukho zaphuka. -X-reyi welungu idolo sikuvumela ukuba ubone ithambo, kwizihlunu ezithambileyo kunye imicu. Ujonge lo mfanekiso trauma ugqirha uyakwazi ukuxilonga: ngokwaphulwa, dislocation, ukwenzakala patella eqine, arthrosis, samathambo, ithumba okanye cyst, kwamathambo okanye osteomyelitis. Le izifo zixhaphakileyo echaphazela joint kwedolo. Amafoto, Kakade ke, unokuba yomgangatho ezahlukeneyo, ngokuba lukhuni kunye nobukhulu, kodwa ingcali akukho nzima.

Ukwenzela ukuthintela isifo samathambo, umothuko sisiba mandundu ngokudibeneyo kwaye ngezifo, ultrasound iya kwenziwa. Omnye umba HIV ukuba isigulana akuyomfuneko ukuba pre-uqeqesho (yindlala, usele ezilulwelo, njl njl) phambi kokuba ukuhlola joint kwedolo. nokwakheka kwayo kwenza kube lula ukujonga ngaphakathi philisi joint, menisci kubona umphezulu, Bathiwe wambu intlala, ukubunjwa ithambo.

Ultrasound ivumela ngamadolo ukuze ubone kuvela macalana onke. Kuba umfanekiso ocacileyo kuyimfuneko ukubeka isigulane ngokuchanekileyo:
- emva ngemilenze ngqo (ngaphambili zibonakale lula neendonga icala oludibeneyo);
- imilenze igotywe entlanganweni idolo (meniscus libonwa);
- kwindawo uvaleke (nodonga elingasemva uhlolo joint).

Le nkqubo iya kwenziwa phantse nasiphi na isicwangciso yokhathalelo lwempilo.