Umqambi uRimsky-Korsakov: uluhlu lwemisebenzi. Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreevich: ii-opas, ii-symphonic works, i-romance

U-Nikolai Andreevich uRimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - umculi omkhulu waseRashiya, igosa legosa, utitshala, ilungu elisebenzayo "leSandla esinamandla", ukukhuthazwa kweengcamango ezaziyiVV Stasov. Imigaqo elandelwa ngabaqambi, abathatha i-Russian folklore njengemodeli yabo, kamva badlulisela iRimsky-Korsakov kwiiklasi zabo zokufundisa kwi-St Petersburg Conservatory.

Inkcazo emfutshane yobugcisa

U-Nikolai Andreevich wabhala, njengoko wayekholelwa, eninzi. Ewe, ezi zinto zilishumi elinesihlanu, ii symphonies ezintathu kunye nezinye iifom symphonic (ii-suit, cantatas, amakhonsathi, i-capriccio, iminyango), izingoma zomculo. Olu hlobo uluhlu olufutshane lwemisebenzi yakhe. URimsky-Korsakov kwiminyaka yakhe edlulileyo ngenxa yokudabuka wathi kwakuya kuhlambalaza ukuba uyalilibala. Kodwa hayi, imisebenzi yakhe iyathandwa kwaye ifunwa ngabaphulaphuli.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

U-Nikolai Andreevich wazalelwa kwintsapho yomntu ohlala kwidolophu yesithili saseThikhvin. Umzalwana wakhe omdala (umahluko kwiminyaka yayininzi - iminyaka engama-22) yayiyigosa legosa, kwaye uKolya omncinci wayephupha ukuhamba kwezilwandle, kwaye ngoxa wayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala wafumana imfundo yekhaya. Wadlala ngokuphambili ipiyano waze waqulunqa, kodwa wahlonywa elwandle. UBawo waxhasa le phupha kwaye eneminyaka eyi-12 wanika unyana wakhe kwi-Marine Cadet Corps eSt. Petersburg. Lapha waqhelana nemisebenzi yeTaliyane neJamani, kwaye waqala ukutsala umculo ngokungahambi kakuhle. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala waqalisa ukufundisisa ngokuphambili ipiyano. Utitshala wakhe wazisa umfana onelungelo kumalungu e-"Power Handful" e-1859.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Ngexesha elifanayo, phantsi kolawulo lukaM. A. Balakirev, u-Nikolai Alexandrovich waqala ukusebenza kwi-First Symphony, evula uluhlu lwakhe lwemisebenzi. URimsky-Korsakov waqalisa ukuyiqamba ngo-1861-1862. Wabhala inxalenye yokuqala, i-scherzo kunye neyokugqibela. I-Orchestrated kakhulu kabi, kuba kwakungekho ixesha lokufunda umculo. URimsky-Korsakov waphumelela kwi-Marine Corps waza waya elwandle. Wayezama ukubhalela kunye, kodwa iminyaka emithathu ihlehlise umsebenzi wakhe, rhoqo ukwenza inkonzo kwi-clipper "Almaz". Ngethuba leminyaka wabona isiqingatha sehlabathi, kwaye iimbonakalo zasolwandle kamva zivela kwimisebenzi ye-orchestra. Xa u-Nikolay Alexandrovich wabuyela ngo-1865, wagqiba umsebenzi kwi-symphony yakhe, ngokusuka nje ngesiRashiya emoyeni, wagcwaliswa ngeengoma zengoma. I-Andante ngengoma ethi "Tatarsky Full" ibonakala ngokukodwa. Upapasho lwayo lokuqala lwenziwa phantsi kwebheon yeMilii Aleksandrovich Balakirev. Ngo-1884, uRimsky-Korsakov wabuyela emsebenzini. I-Symphony 1 yavuselelwa kwakhona. Kulo hlobo litshintshile lwenziwa nanamhlanje.

Imibala emitsha yomqambi

I-flavour yesizwe yomculo, apho onke amalungu e-"Power Handful" ayithandayo kakhulu, ibonakaliswe "kwi-Overture kwiintetho ezintathu zaseRussia" ezenziwe ngo-1866, ngo-1867 "kwi-Fantasy Fantasy" kunye nomfanekiso womculo "Sadko". Lo mfanekiso uyinqanaba lobomi bomqambi omncinane. Apha uya kufumana oko kuza kuthiwa nge "Rimsky-Korsakov gamut", ebonisa kakuhle imibala ye-orchestral yezinto eziselwandle kunye nehlabathi elimangalisayo elingaphantsi kwamanzi. Umxholo othi "uSadko" uya kuvela kwi-opera yegama elinye.

Ukuthungca kwiifayile

Inkcazelo yamagama yaqhutyelwa kwi-symphonic suite "Antar", apho ubunzima beengoma kunye nesingqimba seesithathu zazisetyenziswa. Oku kudala isandi sombhali esifuna empuma. Umqambi wabuyela kabini emsebenzini kumbindi wasempumalanga, ade afikelele kwimiphumo efunwayo.

Umtshato

Ngo-1871-1872, u-Nikolai Alexandrovich oneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesine ubudala wasebenza kwi-opera yakhe yokuqala "I-Pskovian," enezinto ezintathu kunye nemifanekiso emithandathu. Kulo msebenzi uncedwa kakhulu yintombazana encinane uNadezhda Nikolayevna Purgold, umdlali wepiyano onamava kunye nomqambi we-novice. Kukho ukuphepha. Abantu abaselula bathandana. Loo mvakalelo baya kuthwala kuwo wonke umphefumlo, bewuhlanganisile ngo-1872 umtshato. Ngomnyaka we-1873, umdlalo we "Pskovityanka" wawusungulwe kwi-Theater yaseMariinsky phantsi kwe-E. Napravnik kunye nokuzalwa kwonyana wakhe uMikhail.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-First Opera

Kodwa oku kwakungeyona inguqu yokugqibela yedrama yomlando, ebhalwe nguRimsky-Korsakov. "I-Pskovityanka" inamanqaku amathathu. Ukusebenza kuyo kwaphela iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Ekuqaleni, onke amalungu "oMandla oMandla" anempembelelo kumbhali omncinci, ngokukodwa uMnu. Mussorgsky, owayengaloo xesha wayebhalela u-Godunov wakhe. Iingongoma kunye neenjongo, ukucinywa kwimiba yansuku zonke, kuboniswe ngumqambi ngamnye ngendlela yomzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, umntu kunye nesimo. Ingxelo e-opera iyona nto ephantsi, i-epic. Umbhali wenqabileyo ngamabomu ubuninzi be-arias kunye ne-ensemble, esondela kwi-recitative. I-Opera iqhutywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo eRashiya, nase-Itali, naseSpeyin, naseBelgium. EParis wayeyimpumelelo enkulu kumaxesha aseRashiya kaDiaghilev.

Zonke ezimashumi anesixhenxe zizinikele kwimisebenzi yokufundisa kunye nokuzifundisa.

Ukukhawuleza kokudala

Umgangatho wokudala womqambi ukhokelela ekubeni uluhlu lwakhe lwemisebenzi luzaliswa. I-Rimsky-Korsakov ngo-1880 yakha i-opera "ngoMeyi ebusuku", eyayiqhutyelwa kwi-Theater yaseMariinsky phantsi kwe-E. Napravnik. Lo msebenzi ubhaliwe kwisiphakamiso sakhe somtshakazi. Wanikela umsebenzi wakhe eRimsky-Korsakov. I-Opera "NgoMeyi ubusuku" inika umphulaphuli ngeengoma, ukuhlaziya kunye nemifanekiso emnandi. Isekelwe kwingoma yobugcisa bomculo.

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1880, emva kokuthetha no- A.N. U-Ostrovsky waza wanikwa imvume yokungena kwi-freetto ye-opera "i-Snow Maiden" yatshintsha, uRimsky-Korsakov uqala umsebenzi. Ihamba ngokulula. Ubume bonke kwindawo uStelevo uyamkhuthaza. Kwanjalo i-echo yayifaka kuye njengezwi le-woodcutter okanye ezinye izilo zehlathi. Ingqalelo enkulu yahlawulwa nguRimsky-Korsakov ukuya kwiindawo eziphambili zomsebenzi womculo wezandi ezikufutshane kweso sixhobo somculo okanye amazwi. Kwaye kwavela ummangaliso ongumbongo, apho owokuqala wayephathwa ngentshiseko nguA. Ostrovsky ngokwakhe. I-opera i-Rimsky-Korsakov "i-Snow Maiden" ifakwe ngokutsha, ukulula kunye nokuhlanzeka kweengoma zomntu, iingoma eziqhayisayo zihluma entwasahlobo. Isingeniso se-orchestral kwisivakalisi sichaza intwasahlobo yokuvuswa kwemvelo. Kulula kwaye mnandi ngenye yezinto zokuqala ze-Snow Maiden ("... ukuze amajikijolo ahambe"), i-lyetally ingena kwi-arietta yakhe "Ndivile, Ndive." Isimo "Ukubona umkhosi" uqulethe iziganeko zeengoma zeengoma. Isenzo sokuqala siqala ngengoma epholileyo kwaye enomdla kaLelia, ngoko umdaniso ovuyokileyo kwaye uqhubeka nobubele, u-Arietta Snegurochka onobuhlungu "Yeka indlela ebuhlungu ngayo apha," Inqaku likaKupava elinomdla, elithandabuzayo "I-Snow Maiden, Ndiyonwabile". Kwisenzo sesibini indawo eyona nto ithathwa ngumoya oqaqambileyo weBerendey "Sawubona kuwe, ubulumko". Iphupha, umbongozi uCavatina Berendeye uthela ngokuzithoba. Isenzo sesithathu sivuliwe ngomdaniso ojikelezayo we-"Ai, entsimini ye-liponka". Isiqhelo sesi-Symphonic "Umdaniso weentlanzi" uzele ngokugqama kwemibala ye-orchestral, izandi ezithakazelisayo. Elide, ingoma evela kwingoma yesithathu kaLelia inelisekile. "Ilifu laceba iindudumo". Kwisenzo sesine, iimvakalelo zomculo ze-Snow Maiden zikhula. Kwimeko yokuqhaqhazela i heroine, umfanekiso wakhe utyhafile kwaye unethenda. I-opera i-Rimsky-Korsakov "i-Snow Maiden" iphela ngeqonga elimangalisayo elikhazimulayo.

I-Virtuoso violin piece

Ngo-1887, u-AP uBroodin wafa ngokungalindelekanga kubo bonke. "I-Prince Igor" yakhe ayigqibekanga. UGlazunov noRimsky-Korsakov baqalisa umsebenzi omkhulu ekuhlalutweni kwemibhalo yesandla kunye nokugqitywa komsebenzi kwi-opera. Ehlotyeni basebenza e-dacha, kodwa ngo-Nikolai Andreevich umsebenzi waphazamiseka. Wafika ngcamango engamshiyanga: ukuqamba i-violos fantasy kumxholo waseSpain. I-capriccio yaseSpain yomqambi yinkqubo, equkethe ama-5. Bahamba, bengaphazamiseki, kwaye bafake imifanekiso yobomi kunye nesimo seSpeyin, iiholide zayo kunye neentlobo zabalingani. Ukwakhiwa kweCapriccio ye-orchestra kunye nokutshintsha kweempawu kunye nokukhetha ngokucophelela imidwebo yemifanekiso. Inxalenye yokuqala - "Alborada" - isekelwe kwingoma yaseAsturiya kwaye yamkela ilanga lasekuseni. Emva kwekhefu, "Utshintsho" lwesahlulo sesibini luya. Zisekelwe kumdaniso wokuhlwa, ophelile usuku e-Asturias. Umculo unomlingiswa wobufundisi, kodwa ke uqala ukuvakala ngamandla, ngokukhawuleza aze aphele. Inxalenye yesithathu ubuyela umphulaphuli kwisihloko sokuqala - "Alborada". Kodwa isandi ngoku sicacile kwaye sinamandla. Ingxenye yesine yinto yokudansa kwengoma yaseAndalusi. Ivuleka ngeentambo kunye neengoma, ngokuthe ngqo i-solo i-violin, i-flute, i-clarinet kunye nehabhu. Yonke into ifike ekupheleni komdaniso we-gypsy womoya. Isiqingatha sesihlanu sesahlulo - "i-fandago yase-Asturian" - eyenziwa yilo lonke iqela le-orchestra, kodwa ngokukhawuleza liva i-trombones. Kuhle kakhulu kwaye kukhululeka, ukubetha ngamandla kunye nobukhulu bokudansa. Umbhali uphindela esihlokweni ukusuka kwisithathu, kwaye ikhowudi iphinda ibuyele ekuqaleni-itywala kakhulu, i-alborada enobudlova.

Umgcini webali

Ukususela ngo-1895, iingcamango zomqambi zihlala ziphendukela kwi-fairytale kunye nemixholo ephawulekayo. Ukuzalwa kwabo kuqala kunye neengqungquthela zikaGogol ezithandekayo malunga ne-Vakula kunye no-Oksana. Yiyo indlela "Ubusuku Ngaphambi Krisimesi" ebonakalayo. I-opera yayithathwa njengengqungquthela yefestile, apho uNikola Andreevich wayebandakanya amaninzi e-recycled carols. Bomeleza izinto ezibonisa ubomi bokwenene beli dolophu yaseRussia. Ukugqithiselwa kwisenzo sokuqala ngokukhawuleza kufaka umphulaphuli ngobusuku obushushu baseUkraine. Isimo esinezinyathelo ezine sichaphazelekayo siyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kubalinganiswa. Uthando lukaDamn noSolokha, abaqeqeshi abaneembala uSolokhi-Chub, iNhloko kunye noDiak. Umtyholi uPatsyuk. Kwisenzo sesine, iziganeko zobomi bemihla ngemihla, zineengqungquthela zomculo, enye ingoma. Kwaye ekupheleni kwe-chorus "Inkumbulo kaGogi" inomsindo onamandla.

I-Novgorod epic

Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe, u-Nikolai Andreevich ngokukhawuleza kunyaka owe-1895 wamkela umsebenzi olandelayo. Ngoku wayezibhaptize ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi leentlawuki ezisentla. Ukuqhafaza ngezinto zansuku zonke ze-epic yabantu baseRashiya kuboniswe kwi-opera elandelayo. Kulo ntloko kukho isixa esitsha, esiza kumnika isandi esilungileyo nesingenangqondo. Ngokuphefumula, i-opera "uSadko" iqalisa ukubhala. URimsky-Korsakov wayenqabile ukuhlula kwizenzo kunye nokudibanisa, ukuyilwa kwimizobo eyisixhenxe. Umqambi wazama ukudala umsebenzi we-epic ngokuhamba kakuhle, okwakuthiwa akhumbule umoya weengxelo zexesha elidlulileyo. Iqala ngokungenwa okukhulu kwe-orchestra, enika umfanekiso we-Ocean-Ocean. Umfanekiso wokuqala ngumcimbi omkhulu wesikhola, apho iibhebhoni ziphela kunye nemidanso yazo. Umfanekiso wesibini uqhutyelwa ebhankini yeLay Lake, apho uSadko kunye neNkosana Volkhov bathethelelwe. I-duet yabo yothando yenzeke ngokubhekiselele kwimiqolo yeengoma ze-choral ngabantu basebukumkanini obungaphantsi kwamanzi. Umfanekiso wesithathu ukhombisa ukubandezeleka kweLuvava eshiyiweyo. Ukuphindaphinda kwakhe kunye ne-aria zizele buhlungu. Ngomfanekiso wesine, isenzo esiphezulu senzeka kwi-wharf. Ukubonakala kukaSadko, kunye neendwendwe ze-Varangian ngengoma yakhe yesibindi, iindwendwe zaseNdiya kunye neVedenet, zilungiswe kwi-chorus. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, uSadko uhlabelela ingoma ebanzi yaseRussia, elowo wonke umntu athabatha. Umfanekiso wesine uphela ngokuvuya. Imidwebo yesithandathu neyesithandathu ibhalwe ngeendlela zomculo elwandle lolwandle.
U-Sadko uhlabelela ingoma ephakamileyo yeengoma "Ulwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lunamandla, lukhulu." Uthabatha ihadi, kwaye wonke umntu uqala umdaniso wobundlobongela. Ngenxa yoko, isiphepho saqhambuka elwandle, kwaye iinqanawa zaqala ukucima. Umkhosi okhulile ukhupha i-gusli e-Sadko, kwaye yena kunye nentombi yakhe iVolkhov ithumela ku-Novgorod. Umzobo wokugqibela ulungelelwano oluvakalayo kwiVolkhov, elifanele liphenduke umlambo, kunye noSadko, kunye nentlanganiso yakhe nomfazi wakhe uLyubava. Isandi sazo sivuya. I-chorus enamandla igqiba i-opera. Wonke umntu uhlabelela udumo lukaSadko, uMlambo waseVolkhov kunye nolwandle olwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. "I-Sadko" ifakwe kwiluhlu lwazo oluphethwe kakhulu. Rimsky-Korsakov ukususela ngexesha likaMnu. Glinka luchaze ngokubanzi kulo hlobo lwesizwe saseRussia. Yaye yintoni eyahlukana nale opera kwiinkalo ezipheleleyo ezibhalwa nguNikolai Andreevich yi-epic recitative.

Izingoma zeVocal

U-Nikolai Andreevich u-Rimsky-Korsakov wenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo iingoma ze-choral kunye nemibono yokuphila kwakhe kokudala. Zibhalwa malunga nemashumi asibhozo. Kodwa ngoku siza kuqwalasela ingqungquthela yekamelo - intando yaseMpumalanga ("Yathathwa yiRose, Nightingale"), idalwe ngamazwi ka A. Koltsov. Ubhekisela kwimvavanyo yokuqala yomqambi kule ndawo. Lo ngumsebenzi we-elegiac we-languorous. Umculo utsha, kodwa ifom ikhululekile. Kuyo kukho into yokuphucula ukuphucula. Inxalenye yepayiliyali inqume umlingiswa wayo, kwaye igama lifuna ukubonakalisa ukuvakalisa umbhalo. Ekusebenzeni kamva, ilizwi liyisiseko, lilandelwa yipilano ehambisanayo.

Isiphelo

NA Rimsky-Korsakov washiya ilifa elikhulu. Kodwa ubuntu bakhe babonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo kwii-operas. Bakhombisa uthando lwakhe olunzulu kwimpawu zesizwe saseRussia, kwiimbali nobomi babantu, ngenxa yeengcamango zakhe nezithethe. Umdlalo wesigrama esithi "iTale yeSixeko esingabonakaliyo seKitezh kunye ne-Maiden Fevronia", esichazela ngeziganeko zokuhlasela kweTatar, kunye ne-tale-satire ethi "I-Golden Cockerel", apho ayiphendule khona kwimicimbi yokuguquguquka ka-1905, ibe yithuba lokugqibela lomsebenzi wakhe wokudala.

Umqambi wasweleka ngo-1908 waza wangcwatywa eSt. Petersburg.